Everything for warming the house. Materials for insulation of walls outside. Shelter EcoStroy ShES arctic

The process has its supporters and ardent opponents. In their own truth, both those and others, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing this particular type of insulation, you need to know which insulation is suitable, to study the nuances of performing insulation work.

To insulate the walls inside the room is to make your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat saving is unconventional, usually used. But there are situations when there is no other way out.

Also, this option can be considered in an apartment building, when the insulation of internal walls is the only way to insulate the room. This process will help eliminate the formation of fungus in the room.

Cons of internal insulation

This method has its drawbacks, so it has many opponents.

Problems with internal thermal insulation of walls arise as follows:

with external thermal insulation, the walls of the building are protected from the cold, which cannot be achieved with insulation from the inside. The base is in contact with the environment, cracks may appear on it;
the occurrence of condensation. With internal heat saving, it moves behind the supporting structure and forms between the insulator and the surface. The result may be the development of fungal formations that will be difficult to notice;
area reduction. Modern heat insulators have excellent characteristics, but have not yet come up with a material that would take up little space. At the moment, with insulation work, the room will become smaller by 10 cm on each side.

Before deciding on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the shortcomings and considering the advantages, this is the only way to avoid errors and shortcomings during installation.

Thermal insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have pros and cons.

The most popular heat insulators:

wood fiber board;
ecowool;
glass wool.

These insulators are commercially available everywhere, and are inexpensive. We will analyze the characteristics of each type of insulators that can be used as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and polystyrene

A productive and affordable heat insulator, which is used very often in the insulation of apartments, in high-rise buildings. It is enough to take a plate with a thickness of 5 cm. No special tools are needed, and installation is not difficult.

But this material has disadvantages:

combustibility;
low strength;
vapor tightness - if you do not make working ventilation in the apartment, otherwise it will turn into a greenhouse.

Ventilation must be equipped with forced ventilation - this may require additional costs.

This option of thermal insulation is suitable only for concrete, brick, foam block structures, since wood covered with this heat-insulating material loses its ability to "breathe".

Mineral wool

A very common thermal insulator. It is widely used in apartments and industrial buildings, in addition, it is used as a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent soundproofing properties.

Mineral wool is inexpensive, has excellent vapor barrier. For an apartment or house, it is better to purchase rigid basalt wool slabs, they are easy to install. Another plus of the material is incombustibility.

But it is worth using this material with great care if the walls in the apartment become damp, the basalt wool is hygroscopic, and when wet it completely loses its insulating properties. Therefore, before laying it on the walls, it is necessary to equip the waterproofing layer, and before finishing the lining, pull the vapor barrier.

For waterproofing works, it is better to use membranes, they have vapor permeability and will not interfere with the “breathing” of external walls.

Wood fiber boards

This material has a number of positive characteristics:

good heat saving and sound insulation;
not afraid of temperature changes;
moisture resistant;
easy to handle and install;
it does not breed rodents.

Often this material is used specifically for exterior decoration, it is treated with special impregnations that can harm human health.

Foil insulation

Technological processes do not stand still, therefore, innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction are constantly appearing on the market. Such a novelty is a foil heat insulator.

The material is a layer of foamed polyester, on which a layer of thin aluminum foil is glued. The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and directed inside the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with a self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material, it is enough to carefully prepare the surface and stick insulation on the wall.

Ecowool

The material, which appeared on the market quite recently, but immediately gained popularity among the townsfolk, thanks to a lot of advantages:

naturalness and safety. The heat insulator is produced by processing secondary cellulose, therefore it is non-toxic;
excellent indicators of thermal insulation;
air impermeability;
fine fiber structure;
durability;
does not shrink.

But, despite the positive characteristics, the material has several significant disadvantages that prevent its widespread use:

the impossibility of doing the installation by hand. The material is applied by wet spraying using special equipment. For insulation, you will have to invite specialists;
with vertical spraying, the laying of the material must be carried out in stages, since there is a possibility of the layer slipping;
combustibility;
the period of solidification of the mass is 24 hours, subject to good ventilation;
price;
the need to equip the frame.

The internal thermal insulation of the walls with the help of ecowool is carried out strictly on a wooden crate, the step of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that during spraying the material does not slip from a vertical surface.

glass wool

This heat insulator has been used in construction for a very long time. The main component of this material is fiberglass.

The use of glass wool is due to the following characteristics:

high soundproof qualities;
flexibility - due to its structure, glass wool can take any shape;
fire resistance;
resistance to chemical attack;
affordable cost;
breathability.

But it is worth talking about the shortcomings:

the material is unstable to mechanical stress, therefore it is mounted only on the frame;
has a high degree of shrinkage over time;
service life of 10 years, then glass wool loses its thermal insulation properties;
destroyed by sun exposure.

Despite the shortcomings, the material is very often used for room insulation, as it has a low cost and ease of installation.

When working with glass wool, it is necessary to use protective equipment - goggles, a mask, gloves and tight clothing, since small, sharp particles of the material cause severe itching when it comes into contact with the skin.

How to choose the right material for indoor insulation

Before you mount the wall insulation from the inside with your own hands, we choose the right insulator that meets the following requirements:

human safety;
environmental friendliness;
durability;
fire resistance;
vapor permeability;
low thermal conductivity;
moisture resistance.

With internal insulation, the house stands even before the start of installation, they equip a good ventilation system, otherwise the microclimate in the room will become unfavorable over time.

Comparative table of thermal insulation materials:

Material name	Density	Thermal conductivity	Vapor permeability	moisture absorption
Styrofoam	40	0, 037	0,05	2
Penoplex	28	0,028	0,006	0,2
Wood fiber	250-400	0,045-0,09	1	12
mineral wool	30-220	0,07	0,38-0,60	70
Ecowool	35-65	0,032-0,042	0,67	-
glass wool	10-50	0,029-0,052	0,5-0,6	10-15

Wall insulation technology from the inside

Experts advise using room insulation from the inside only in special cases, for example:

if the apartment is located above the second floor, and for external insulation it is necessary to involve industrial climbers;
in new buildings, if it is not possible to remove the facade finish and produce external thermal insulation;
if the insulation of the facade violates the architectural ensemble.

Ways to insulate walls from the inside:

by frame;
on glue.

The first method does not require careful leveling of the bearing surface. In addition, it is very easy to fix the facing material to the frame, so if it is planned to build plasterboard walls after insulation, then the crate does not need to be mounted. If after insulation it is planned to plaster the surface, then there is no need for a frame. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further finishing of the walls.

Frame insulation

Like a wall from inside a room on a frame? This thermal insulation of the walls from the inside, the process is laborious, but more reliable. Thanks to the frame, the fragile material is not subjected to mechanical stress, this is especially true if polystyrene is chosen as the heat-insulating material.

The wall does not need to be leveled, but before installation it is worth cleaning the surface of the plaster, if it has peeled off, dirt, dust and cover it with an antiseptic composition.

The frame is constructed of aluminum profiles or bars. Fastening is carried out on dowels or self-tapping screws - depending on the material from which the base is made. The step of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if a soft insulation for walls inside the walls is chosen, then the distance is reduced by two centimeters, when using foam or polystyrene, exactly 60 cm.

If a decision is made to use wooden elements as racks, then they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent rotting and the formation of fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, a heat insulator is laid in the gaps, all seams between the material are sealed with mounting foam. After the foam dries, it is cut flush. After that, you can proceed to the final finish.

Thermal insulation of walls inside the premises on the frame is made by the following materials:

glass wool;
basalt insulation;
Styrofoam;
wood fiber.

Any of the above materials can be mounted using lathing on the walls, except for foil insulation.

Installation of insulation on glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the plane of the walls before insulating.

They are cleaned of dust and dirt, degreased. Further work goes according to the following algorithm:

walls after cleaning are subject to alignment and repair. Cracks are puttied, large protrusions are knocked down, and cavities are sealed with mortar;
all planes are treated with an antiseptic, or a primer with an antimicrobial effect;
the primer is applied in two layers;
after drying, you can start mounting the plates on the glue, it is applied to the wall and to the material with a notched trowel;
the glue will dry for 2-3 days;
as soon as the surface dries, you need to perform additional fixation with dowels-umbrellas.

Do not forget that the installation of material layers is carried out with an offset. At the same time, it is imperative to waterproof the base surface and vapor barrier the insulation itself after installation.

The arrangement of insulation for glue has its limitations, since only dense pits are used for this, for example:

Styrofoam;
wood fiber;
penoplex;
forged insulation.

As soon as all the measures for the installation of the heat insulator are completed, proceed to the finish.

Finishes

Usually, when installing heat-saving boards on glue, they are plastered, using a forming mesh for gypsum composition, and fiberglass for putty. These measures will prevent cracking of the finish coat.

After all plastering and puttying work is completed, and the walls have dried out, we clean the surface with a fine abrasive mesh and paint it with a water emulsion of the desired shade.

Uninsulated walls are just a huge amount of heat loss! And in this situation, it is simply naive to expect comfortable living conditions in the house, especially in regions with harsh winters. No matter how powerful the boiler equipment is, or no matter how often and hot the stove is heated, the “lion's share” of thermal energy will simply “heat the street”. Naturally, due to negligent owners of the house. So effective thermal insulation of your home should always be among the issues of paramount importance when building or making repairs.

In this publication, the reader, according to the general plan, is offered information about what types of insulation for the walls of the house from the inside can be used, and with what success. But it is impossible not to touch on the problem that the thermal insulation of the walls from the side of the premises is far from the best option. He has a lot of negative qualities, and you should think carefully before making such a decision. With this, perhaps, the article should begin.

Is it worth messing with internal wall insulation?

Let's first slowly go over the advantages and disadvantages of such a technology.

« Pro &Contra" internal wall insulation

It would seem that the insulation of walls from the inside wins in all respects: we will name only a few obvious ones. virtues :

Work can be carried out at any time of the year, and even without regard to the current weather.
Even if the work is carried out in a multi-storey building, it still does not affect their complexity. That is - scaffolding is not required, there is no need to resort to the services of specialists in the field of industrial mountaineering. And in general - almost everything can be done independently.

A layer of thermal insulation on the inside will well muffle the spread of noise, including shock.
There is no need to do everything at once - the work can be done sequentially, from room to room.
Thermal insulation materials are guaranteed to be protected from all external influences - ultraviolet rays, any precipitation, wind, sudden temperature changes, etc.

Indeed, a very impressive list of "pros". And, nevertheless, any competent construction specialist will advise you to still find ways to perform thermal insulation on the outside of the wall. By the way, he will be supported by other "specialists", including a physician and a fire inspector.

And why? Because there are shortcomings, and in their importance they outweigh the listed pros.

Whatever one may say, a layer of thermal insulation, and even with subsequent finishing, “eat up” the space of the room.

This seems to many to be a “ridiculous loss” that does not deserve attention. And absolutely in vain. For high-quality wall insulation, a layer of about 100 mm is sometimes needed, and in some regions even more. Plus, add at least 15 millimeters to the finish (drywall in one layer with putty, wallpaper or painting).

Doubts are easily dispelled by demonstrating a simple example. Let's say there is a corner room measuring 3.5 × 4.3 meters. That is, its area is 15.05 m².

Two walls are insulated - calculations show that a layer of 100 mm is needed, and with finishing this results in an additional thickness of 115 mm.

What nonsense, it seems, these 115 mm, at first glance. And let's translate into the area in which these losses resulted:

3.385 × 4.185 = 14.166 m².

15.05 - 14.166 = 0.88 m²

So, in the already not very spacious room, the loss was about one "square"!

Moreover, this is only a “geometric” loss so far. Add here the need to replace window sills with wider ones, transfer heating radiators - not a very “rosy” prospect ...

Conducting insulation inevitably leads to a subsequent update of the room, that is, it smoothly flows into a rather large-scale repair. And at the same time, this room becomes almost uninhabitable. Such repairs also affect the general level of comfort of living in an apartment or house - moving furniture, relocating household members, dirt spreading on their feet and scattering dust, etc. As a result, it turns out to be quite long, expensive and tedious.

The close proximity of a person to some thermal insulation materials, if not strictly prohibited, then in any case, is not welcome.
Internal insulation very often requires cardinal changes in the ventilation system of the premises.
The most important thing is not this. The very location of the insulation on the inside of the wall is extremely unfavorable for, so to speak, the overall thermal picture, for the distribution of temperature zones in the supporting structures. All this may be accompanied by the appearance of areas of high humidity, which negatively affects the environmental situation (the appearance of fungus, mold, damp spots), and the durability of wall materials and their finishes both inside and out.

Probably, it is worth starting with the main drawback, since it probably outweighs all the others. But first, you still need to understand the basics of building heat engineering.

Useful information from the field of building heat engineering

How does a heater actually work?

To understand the essence of the problem, it is necessary to “plunge” into the issues of building heat engineering. By the way, at the same time, the required thickness of thermal insulation for full wall insulation will be calculated.

Any of the building materials has certain heat-conducting qualities. Some transmit (and, by the way, also take away) heating very quickly and almost without loss (metals), others, as they often say, have “natural heat”, that is, heat losses through them are not so great (for example, wood), others can talk about a pronouncedly high resistance to heat transfer - these materials are just used as thermal insulation.

For each of the materials, a special coefficient of its thermal conductivity is calculated and experimentally verified. It is usually denoted by the letter λ and is calculated in W/(m×℃).

So, the resistance to thermal transfer of a layer of some material is determined by the following formula:

Rt =h/λ

h is the thickness of this layer.

λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material.

The wall can be a multilayer structure, one of the layers of which just becomes the insulation material. That is, the total thermal resistance of the wall is formed from the sum of the resistances of all layers.

From here we come to the following conclusion - it is quite possible to calculate what thickness of the insulation will be required to create comfortable living conditions in the room. To do this, you need to have information about the design of the wall - what materials it is made of, and what are the thicknesses of the layers. And, of course, what total resistance to heat transfer of the wall should be aimed at.

Well, the owner must know the design of his wall, and the thicknesses can be tritely measured. The values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity are also not a problem: there are as many tables with similar information on the network.

And the total resistance to heat transfer depends on the climate of the region, more precisely, on the lowest temperatures in the coldest decade of winter. There are rather cumbersome formulas that allow you to calculate this parameter. But doing so is optional. You can find tables with normalized values for all regions of the Russian Federation - experts have already done everything for us. We offer an even simpler option - on the basis of the above tables, a map-scheme has been compiled, according to which, without worrying about some loss of accuracy (it is insignificant), we can find the value of the normalized resistance to heat transfer that interests us. Moreover, pay attention - it differs for different types of building structures: walls, ceilings and coatings. In our case, naturally, the value “for walls” is taken.

It remains to enter all known values into the formula - and calculate what thickness of the selected insulation will fully provide "deficit coverage" to the normalized value.

Below the reader is offered an online calculator that allows you to quickly and accurately calculate the required thickness of thermal insulation for internal insulation. A few explanations for working with it.

The first step is to choose the thermal insulation material that will be used for internal insulation. The list below shows those heaters that are most often used in such cases. Which of them is better or worse with this insulation scheme - we'll talk about this a little lower.

The values of the thermal conductivity coefficients, of course, have already been entered into the calculation program.

The second step is to clarify the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls according to the map-scheme (these are purple numbers), and indicate it in the calculator field (on the slider).
Next, the parameters of the main, load-bearing wall are entered. In two adjacent fields, its thickness (on the slider) and the material (from the drop-down list) from which it was built are indicated.
Often, internal thermal insulation is mounted due to the fact that the existing external one, according to the owners, does not fully cope with its task. In this case, of course, the existing insulation material should be taken into account.

When choosing this calculation path, two additional fields will appear, in which, according to the already familiar principle (slider + drop-down list), the thickness and type of material are indicated.

External and internal decoration of the wall also sometimes affect its total thermal characteristics. If desired, they can also be included in the calculation - this possibility is implemented separately for external and internal. The scheme is the same - after choosing this path, additional fields are opened for specifying the material and thickness.

If, according to the user, this can be neglected, everything is simply left as is. And these sections of the calculator will be ignored by the program.

The result is shown in millimeters - this is the thickness of the selected insulation, which will provide access to the total value of the heat transfer resistance, equal to the normalized one. It is, of course, rounded up, usually leading to standard thicknesses of insulating materials.

By the way, in the presence of external insulation, the calculation can give a negative value. This suggests that additional thermal insulation is simply not required. And the causes of uncomfortable temperatures should be sought elsewhere - insufficient insulation of the ceiling or floor, through windows or doors, improperly organized ventilation, etc. That is, an additional layer of insulation on the walls will have absolutely no effect.

The issue of building insulation is especially relevant today. On the one hand, there are no big problems with the purchase of thermal insulation material - the construction market offers many options. On the other hand, it is this diversity that gives rise to the problem - which insulation to choose?

What it is?

The problem of thermal insulation of modern buildings (especially urban new buildings) is especially acute today. Thermal insulation are structural elements that reduce the heat transfer rates of materials and the structure (unit) as a whole.

Thermal insulation is also understood as a process that prevents the thermal energy of the structure (refrigeration equipment, heating mains, etc.) and buildings from mixing with the external environment. In other words, the heat-insulating layer has the effect of a thermos.

Thermal insulation provides a comfortable indoor climate, keeping it warm in the cold season and protecting it from excessive heating on hot days.

Using insulation, you can reduce electricity costs by up to 30-40%. In addition, modern heat-insulating materials for the most part have sound-proofing properties. A fairly common practice in the construction of a private house is the use of materials that are both an insulating and a structural element of walls and ceilings.

Depending on the thermal conductivity, the following classes of thermal insulation materials are distinguished:

class A– materials with low thermal conductivity within 0.06 W/m kV. and below;
class B- materials with an average thermal conductivity, the indicators of which are 0.06 - 0.115 W / m kV .;
class C- materials with high thermal conductivity equal to 0.115 -0.175 W / m kV.

There are many ways to install insulation, but they all belong to one of these technologies:

Monolithic wall- is a brick or wooden partition, the thickness of which for thermal efficiency must be at least 40 cm (depending on the region).
Multi-layer "pie"- a method in which the insulation is located inside the wall, between the outer and outer partitions. The implementation of this method is possible only at the construction stage or when facing the facade with brickwork (if the strength of the foundation allows or if there is a separate foundation for the masonry).

External insulation- one of the most popular methods due to its effectiveness, which involves covering the outer walls with insulation, after which they are closed with facade materials. The organization of a ventilated facade allows increasing the thermal insulation performance, when an air gap is maintained between the wall with insulation and the facade finish. The method necessarily involves the use of vapor-permeable and waterproof coatings and films.
Internal insulation- one of the most difficult and less effective than the external method of insulation. Assumes the insulation of surfaces from the inside of the building.

Characteristics

All types of heaters are characterized by certain properties. The following are common:

Low thermal conductivity. Thermal efficiency indicators are the main ones when choosing a heater. The lower the coefficient of thermal conductivity (measured in W / (m × K) shows the amount of thermal energy passing through 1 m3 of dry insulation at a temperature difference of 10C), the less heat loss the material has. The warmest is polyurethane foam, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03. The average values are about 0.047 (thermal conductivity index of expanded polystyrene, mineral wool grade P-75).
Hygroscopicity. That is, the ability of the insulation to absorb moisture. High-quality insulation does not absorb moisture or absorbs its minimum amount. Otherwise, wetting of the material cannot be avoided, which means the loss of the main property (thermal efficiency).
Vapor barrier. The ability to pass water vapor, thereby ensuring the optimal level of humidity in the room and keeping walls or other work surfaces dry.

Fire resistance. Another important characteristic of the heat-insulating material is resistance to fire. Some materials have a high fire hazard, their combustion temperature can reach 1000 degrees (for example, basalt wool), while others are extremely unstable to high temperatures (polystyrene foam). Modern heaters are mostly self-extinguishing materials. The appearance of an open fire on their surface is almost impossible, and if it does occur, the burning time does not exceed 10 seconds. During combustion, no toxins are released, the mass of the material during combustion is reduced by at least 50%.

When talking about fire resistance, combustion toxicity is usually mentioned. The optimal material is that, even when heated, does not emit dangerous toxic compounds.

Environmental friendliness. Environmental safety is especially important for materials used indoors. The key to environmental friendliness is usually the naturalness of the composition. So, for example, basalt insulation, which is considered safe from the point of view of environmental friendliness, is made from recycled rocks, expanded clay is made from sintered clay.
soundproof characteristics. Not all thermal insulation materials can be used for sound insulation. However, most of them have both of these properties, for example, mineral wool insulation, polyurethane foam. But the widely used polystyrene foam does not give the effect of sound insulation.
Biostability. Another criterion that is important for the buyer is biostability, that is, the resistance of the material to the effects of mold, fungus, the appearance of other microorganisms, rodents. The strength and integrity of the material, and hence its durability, directly depend on biostability.

Deformation resistance. The insulation must withstand loads, since it can be located on the surface of the floor, loaded structural elements, between partitions. All this dictates the requirements for its resistance to loads and deformations. Resistance largely depends on the density and thickness of the material.
Durability. The duration of operation largely depends on the thermal efficiency, wet strength, vapor permeability and biostability of the material. For high-quality products (for example, polyurethane foam, basalt wool) a fairly long, up to 50 years, warranty is given. Another factor of durability is compliance with the installation technology and operating conditions.

Ease of installation and installation. Most heaters have a convenient form of release - in mats, rolls, sheets. Some of them are easily fixed on the insulated surface without requiring special skills and equipment (foam sheets), while others require compliance with certain installation conditions (for example, when working with mineral wool insulation, it is necessary to protect the respiratory system, hands).

There are also types of heaters, the installation of which is possible only by specialists with special equipment (for example, polyurethane foam is sprayed with a special unit, the employee must use a protective suit, goggles and a respirator).

Types of jobs

Thermal insulation is understood as the process of reducing heat losses to the calculated values (individual for each region and objects). This term is similar to the concept of "thermal insulation", which means the protection of an object from the negative exchange of thermal energy with the air. In other words, the task of thermal insulation works is to maintain the specified temperature indicators of the object.

The object may mean residential and administrative buildings, industrial and engineering structures, medical and refrigeration equipment.

If we talk about the thermal insulation of residential and industrial premises, then it can be external (another name is facade insulation) and internal.

Thermal insulation of the outer walls of residential buildings is always preferable to thermal insulation of the internal parts. This is due to the fact that external thermal insulation turns out to be more effective, while internal always remains 8-15% of heat loss.

In addition, the “dew point” during internal insulation shifts inside the insulation, which is fraught with dampness, an increase in the level of humidity in the room, the appearance of mold on the walls, the destruction of the wall surface, and the finish. In other words, the room is still cold (since damp insulation cannot prevent heat loss), but damp.

Finally, the installation of insulation from the inside takes up space, reducing the useful area of the room.

At the same time, there are situations when internal thermal insulation remains the only possible way to normalize the temperature. To avoid the unpleasant consequences of thermal insulation allows strict adherence to installation technologies. Be sure to take care of the vapor and waterproofing of surfaces, as well as high-quality ventilation. A standard supply system is usually not enough, it is required to install a forced air circulation system or use windows with special valves that provide air exchange.

To increase the efficiency of the external insulation, they resort to organizing a ventilated facade system or a three-layer system. In the first case, an air gap is maintained between the insulation and the facing material mounted on a special frame. The three-layer system is wall coverings erected by the well method, between which insulation (expanded clay, perlite, ecowool) is poured.

As for the finish, the facade can be insulated both “wet” (construction mixtures are used) and “dry” facade (fasteners are used) facade.

Often the room requires not only insulation, but also soundproofing. In this case, it is more convenient to use materials that immediately have both heat and sound insulation properties.

Speaking about the insulation of a house inside or outside, it is important to understand that walls are far from the only source of heat loss. In this regard, it is necessary to isolate unheated attics and basements. When using an attic, you should consider a system of multi-layer insulated roofing.

When carrying out internal thermal insulation work, great attention should be paid to the joints between the floor and the wall, the wall and the ceiling, the wall and the partitions. It is in these places that “cold bridges” are most often formed.

In other words, regardless of the type of work performed, it is important to remember that thermal insulation requires an integrated approach.

Variety of materials

All heaters, depending on the raw materials used, are divided into:

organic(have an environmentally friendly composition - waste from agricultural, woodworking industries, the presence of cement and some types of polymers is acceptable);
inorganic.

There are also products of a mixed type.

Depending on the principle of operation, heaters are:

reflective type- reduces heat consumption by directing thermal energy back into the room (for this, the insulation is equipped with a metallized or foil element);
warning type- are characterized by low thermal conductivity, preventing the release of a large amount of thermal energy beyond the insulated surface.

Let us consider in more detail the most popular types of organic heaters:

Ecowool

Considered cellulose insulation, 80% consists of recycled cellulose. It is an environmentally friendly material with low thermal conductivity, good vapor permeability and sound insulation.

To reduce the combustibility of the material and increase its biostability, the addition of fire retardants and antiseptics to the raw materials allows.

The material is poured into the inter-wall spaces, it is possible to spray onto flat surfaces using a dry or wet method.

Jute

A modern substitute for tow, traditionally used to reduce the heat loss of inter-crown cracks in buildings made of timber. It is produced in the form of tapes or ropes, in addition to high thermal efficiency, does not require replacement even after shrinkage of the walls.

Chipboard

Insulation, 80-90% consisting of small chips. The remaining components are resins, fire retardants, water repellents. It differs not only in good heat and sound insulation properties, it is environmentally friendly, durable.

Despite the treatment with water repellents, it still does not have high wet strength.

Cork

Heat insulator based on cork oak bark, produced in the form of rolls or sheets. It is used only as an internal insulation. It acts as a base for wallpaper, laminate and other floor coverings. It can be used as an independent top coat due to its unusual, but noble appearance. Often they insulate panel houses from the inside.

In addition to thermal efficiency, it provides sound insulation and a decorative effect. The material is hygroscopic, so it can only be mounted on dry surfaces.

Arbolit

Represents blocks from wood-shaving concrete. Thanks to the wood in the composition, it has heat and sound insulating abilities, while the presence of concrete provides moisture resistance, resistance to damage and strength of the material. It is used both as a heater and as independent building blocks. Widely used as a material for frame-panel structures.

The modern market of inorganic thermal insulation materials is somewhat wider:

Styrofoam

Two of its modifications are known - foamed (otherwise - foam plastic) and extruded. It is a set of combined bubbles filled with air. The extruded material is characterized by the fact that each air cavity is isolated from the next.

Polyfoam is suitable for external and internal insulation, characterized by high thermal insulation performance. It is not vapor permeable, therefore it requires a reliable vapor barrier. It is worth noting the low moisture resistance of the foam, which makes it mandatory to install hydroprotection.

In general, the material is affordable, lightweight, easy to cut and install (glue). For the needs of the buyer, the material plates are produced in various dimensions and thicknesses. The latter directly affects the thermal conductivity.

At first glance, foam is a worthy option for insulation. However, it should be remembered that during operation it releases toxic styrene. The most dangerous thing is that the material is subject to combustion. Moreover, the fire rapidly covers the foam, in the process of increasing temperatures, compounds dangerous to human health are released. This was the reason for the ban on the use of foam for residential decoration in some European countries.

Styrofoam is not durable. Already 5-7 years after its use, destructive changes in the structure are detected - cracks and cavities appear. Naturally, even small damages cause tangible heat loss.

Finally, mice love this material enough - they gnaw it, which also does not contribute to long-term operation.

Extruded polystyrene foam is an improved version of styrofoam. And, although its thermal conductivity is slightly higher, the material shows the best indicators of wet strength and fire resistance.

polyurethane foam

Heat insulating material sprayed on the surface. It has the best indicators of thermal efficiency, thanks to the installation method, it forms a uniform hermetic layer on the surface, fills all cracks and seams. This becomes a guarantee of the absence of "cold bridges".

During the spraying process, the material releases toxic components, therefore it is applied only in a protective suit and respirator. As it solidifies, the toxins evaporate, therefore, during operation, the material demonstrates complete environmental safety.

Another advantage is incombustibility, even under the influence of high temperatures, the material does not emit hazardous compounds.

Among the shortcomings, low vapor permeability values can be distinguished, which is why the material is not even recommended to be applied to wooden substrates.

This method of application does not allow to achieve a perfectly even surface, so the use of a contact finish (painting, plastering) is almost always excluded. Leveling (as well as removing a layer of polyurethane foam) is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. The solution will be the use of hinged structures.

Penofol

Universal insulation based on foamed polyethylene. The air chambers from which the material is formed provide low thermal conductivity. The main difference between penofol is the presence of a foil layer on one side, which reflects up to 97% of thermal energy without heating up.

In addition to high thermal insulation values, it demonstrates soundproofing properties. Finally, it does not require the use of vapor barrier and waterproof coatings, it is easy to install.

Among the shortcomings is a higher cost, but it is offset by the impressive heat resistance of the product. Its use allows you to reduce heating costs by a third.

Despite the strength of the material, it is not intended for wallpapering or applying plaster over it. Penofol will not withstand the load and will collapse, so the walls treated with it are closed with drywall. Finishing is already done on it. It can act as a heater not only for walls, but also for the ceiling and floor.

Penofol is an excellent substrate for most floor coverings, as well as a floor heating system.

Fiberboard

It is a wood-based board bonded with a cement composition. Usually used for exterior decoration, they can act as an independent building material.

They are characterized by heat and noise insulation properties, however, they have considerable weight (it is necessary to strengthen the foundation and load-bearing structures), as well as low moisture resistance.

Liquid ceramic insulation

Relatively new insulating material. Outwardly, it resembles acrylic paint (it is applied, by the way, in the same way), which contains vacuumized bubbles. Thanks to them, a thermal insulation effect becomes possible (according to the manufacturers, a layer of 1 mm replaces brickwork one and a half bricks thick).

Ceramic insulation does not require a subsequent layer of finishing and copes well with the function of a finishing material. It is mainly used indoors, since it does not take up usable space.

The wet-resistant layer prolongs the service life of the coating and makes it possible to wet clean it. The material is fire-resistant, non-combustible, moreover, it prevents the spread of flame.

Mineral wool insulation

This type of insulation is distinguished by a fibrous structure - the material is a randomly arranged fibers. Between the latter, air bubbles accumulate, the presence of which provides a heat-insulating effect.

Available in the form of mats, rolls, sheets. Due to the ability to easily restore and retain its shape, the material is easy to transport and store.- it is rolled up and packed in compact boxes, and then it easily takes on a given shape and size. Sheet material is usually thinner than other options.

As a facade coating, tiles, wall panels, siding, corrugated board for external cladding and clapboard or drywall (as cladding) for interior are usually used.

When working, you must take care of the presence of a respirator. During installation, material particles rise into the air. Once in the lungs, they irritate the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

Depending on the raw materials used, 3 types of mineral wool are distinguished - based on slag, glass and basalt fibers.

The first type of insulation has high thermal conductivity and the ability to absorb moisture, it is combustible and short-lived, and therefore is rarely used for insulation.

Fiberglass demonstrates the best thermal insulation characteristics, the combustion temperature is 500 degrees. The material does not burn, but shrinks when exposed to temperatures above those indicated.

The material, according to the description of users of biostacks, has an affordable price. Due to its elasticity, it is suitable for finishing buildings and structures of complex shapes and configurations. Among the disadvantages are low water resistance (high-quality waterproofing is required), the ability to release toxic compounds (because of this, it is mainly used for external insulation or requires reliable protection).

Thin and long fibers of glass wool dig into the skin, causing irritation. Finally, having an amorphous component (glass) in its composition, glass wool shrinks, gradually thinning during operation, which causes a decrease in thermal insulation properties.

Basalt wool is obtained during the melting of rocks (basalt, dolomite). Fibers are drawn from the semi-liquid raw material, which are then subjected to pressing and short-term heating. The result is a durable vapor-permeable insulation with low thermal conductivity.

Stone wool is treated with special impregnations, due to which it becomes resistant to moisture. It is an environmentally friendly, non-combustible material with a wide range of applications.

Warm plaster

Plaster and finishing mixture, which contains particles of such heat-insulating materials as perlite, vermiculite.

It has good adhesion, fills cracks and joints, takes the desired shape. Performs 2 functions at once - heat-insulating and decorative. Depending on the place of use, it can be on a cement (for exterior) or gypsum (for interior) bases.

Foam glass

The basis of the material is recycled glass, which is fired in high-temperature furnaces to the state of sintering. The result is a heater, characterized by moisture resistance, high fire safety and biostability.

Possessing record strength indicators among other heaters, the material is easily cut, mounted, and plastered. Release form - blocks.

Vermiculite

It is a loose insulation on a natural basis (processed rocks - mica). They are distinguished by fire resistance (melting point - at least 1000 degrees), vapor permeability and moisture resistance, do not deform and do not settle during operation. Even when wet up to 15%, it is able to maintain its thermal insulation properties.

It is poured into inter-wall spaces or on flat surfaces (for example, an attic) for thermal insulation. Given the high cost of vermiculite, such a method of insulation will not be cheap, so it can often be found as part of warm plasters. In this way, it is possible to reduce the cost of raw materials for thermal insulation, but not to lose the brilliant technical properties of the material.

Expanded clay

Loose insulation known since ancient times. It is based on a special clay, which is sintered in the process of high-temperature firing. The result is extremely light "pebbles" (as well as crushed stone and sand), which have high thermal insulation qualities. The material does not deform, is bioresistant, but extremely hygroscopic.

Expanded polystyrene in granules

The same air capsules that form the basis of polystyrene foam boards. True, here they are not fastened together and are delivered in bags. They have the same characteristics as polystyrene foam boards - low thermal conductivity, low weight, high fire hazard, lack of vapor permeability.

For insulation, the material should not be poured into voids, but sprayed with a compressor. This is the only way to increase the density of the material, and therefore, to increase its insulating ability.

Penoizol

Outwardly, it looks like small flakes (the material has a finer fraction compared to expanded polystyrene granules, softer). The basis is natural resins. The main advantages are low thermal conductivity, moisture resistance and vapor permeability, fire resistance. It is usually used for walls and ceilings, which are sprayed with special equipment.

Manufacturers

There are a large number of thermal insulation materials on the market today. Choosing the best products is not easy, especially if you are not at all familiar with the brands offered.

However, there are manufacturers whose products are a priori of high quality. Among them is the Danish manufacturer of stone wool Rockwool. The product line is quite wide - a lot of materials of different forms of release, dimensions and density. The most popular is 10 cm cotton wool for outdoor decoration.

Among the most famous lines:

"Light Batts"- material for warming private houses made of wood;
"Light Batts Scandik"- material for warming private houses made of stone, concrete, brick;
"Acustik Batts"- material with improved soundproofing performance, used for insulation of office buildings, shopping and entertainment facilities, industrial facilities.

The rating of manufacturers of mineral wool materials is also invariably headed by the French company Isover. In the product line, you can find a fairly rigid material that is laid on flat horizontal surfaces and does not require fasteners, as well as two-layer facade counterparts. Universal heaters, options for pitched roofs, as well as mats with improved sound insulation characteristics are in demand.

Most of the products are supplied in 7 and 14 meter rolls, the thickness of which is 5-10 cm.

High-class heat and sound-proof materials are produced under the brand name Ursa. On sale you can find the following types of heaters:

Ursa Geo a series of mats and rolls of various hardness for thermal insulation of all parts of the house, including basements and attics;
"Ursa Tetra"- plates characterized by high strength and the presence of additional hydrophobic impregnation;
"Ursa Pure One"- soft fiberglass, the connecting component of which is acrylic. Due to the environmental friendliness of the material, it is suitable for use in hospitals and childcare facilities;
"Ursa XPS" represents expanded polystyrene plates of the increased rigidity.

The well-known German quality is demonstrated by German-made Knauf products. All the variety of manufactured products can be attributed to one of the series - "Knauf Insulation" (materials for professional insulation of multi-storey residential buildings, hospitals, administrative institutions) or "Heat Knauf" (materials for insulation of private houses).

Brand heaters are considered an excellent solution for organizing a ventilated facade. Izovol. The plates have sufficient rigidity to withstand loads, have moisture-resistant impregnation, and are additionally reinforced with fiberglass. The most popular are the following product lines:

general technical thermal insulation (universal insulation for the attic and roof, walls, floor);
technological cylinders and mats with a moisture-resistant foil layer for pipeline insulation;
slab insulation for the manufacture of sandwich panels;
heat-insulating mats with improved sound insulation performance.

The leading domestic manufacturer of heaters is the TekhnoNIKOL company. The main direction of production is the production of basalt wool and polystyrene foam insulation. The material is not deformed, withstands heavy loads, has increased soundproofing properties.

Depending on the type of products, the density and thermal conductivity of the material changes. The following types of TechnoNIKOL products are distinguished:

"Rocklight"- plates with increased strength characteristics and intended for warming a private house;
"Technoblock"- a material suitable for the installation of facades, acts simultaneously as a structural element and insulation;

"Teploroll"– mats of an elongated rectangular shape with a reduced content of phenol in the composition;
"Technoacoustic"- a heat insulator with improved sound insulation performance (reduces noise up to 60 dB), used for soundproofing offices, entertainment facilities.

A worthy place in the ranking of manufacturers of materials for insulation is occupied by the Belarusian company Beltep. Products are only slightly inferior in quality to European counterparts, but have a more affordable cost. Among the advantages - a special hydrophobic impregnation, increased soundproofing qualities.

If you are looking for high-quality and relatively environmentally friendly expanded polystyrene, then you should pay attention to the products of the brand "Europlex". The manufacturer's line includes both foamed and extruded polystyrene foam. The density of the material varies between 30 - 45 kg / m³, depending on the type of product.

There are several size options to choose from. So, the length of products can be 240, 180 and 120 cm, width - 50 or 60 cm, thickness - 3-5 cm.

Extruded polystyrene foam is also distinguished by high strength and increased wet strength. "Penoplex". The experiments carried out demonstrate the frost resistance of the material. Even after 1000 freeze / thaw cycles, the thermal efficiency of the material is reduced by no more than 5%.

As you know, expanded styrene is the cheapest insulation, and since both companies are domestic, we can talk about significant savings.

How to choose?

When choosing a heat-insulating material, it is important to focus on the material from which the walls or other surfaces to be insulated are made.

For wooden walls, a related cellulose insulation, fiberglass or stone wool is suitable. True, it is necessary to carefully consider the waterproofing system. Jute will help close the interventional gaps. For frame-panel buildings, fiber cement slabs or wood concrete blocks can be used, which will act as structural elements of the walls. Between them, you can fill in bulk insulation (expanded clay, ecowool).
For external insulation, foam styrene heaters, mineral wool are well suited. When facing such buildings with bricks, it is permissible to fill in expanded clay, perlite, ecowool formed between the facade and the main wall. Well proven polyurethane foam.

For internal insulation of brick buildings, mineral wool insulation is traditionally used, which are sewn up with plasterboard sheets.
Concrete surfaces with the worst thermal insulation performance are recommended to be insulated on both sides - external and internal. For external insulation, it is better to choose a ventilated facade system. Warm plaster or hinged panels, siding are suitable as finishing materials. For interior decoration, you can use cork insulation, a thin layer of expanded polystyrene or mineral wool, decorated with drywall.

How to calculate?

Different heaters have different thicknesses, and it is very important to calculate the required insulation parameters before making a purchase. Too thin a layer of insulation will not cope with heat loss, and will also cause the “dew point” to shift inside the room.

An excess layer will not only lead to an unjustified load on the supporting structures and an inappropriate financial expense, but will also cause a violation of the humidity in the room, a temperature imbalance between different rooms.

To calculate the required thickness of the material, it is necessary to set the resistance coefficient of all materials used (insulation, waterproofing, facing layer, etc.).

Another important point is the determination of the material from which the wall is made, since this also directly affects the thickness of the insulation.

Given the type of wall material, conclusions can be drawn about its thermal conductivity and thermal properties. These characteristics can be found in SNiP 2-3-79.

The density of the heat-insulating material may be different, but most often products with a density in the range of 0.6-1000 kg / m 3 are used.

Most modern high-rise buildings are built of concrete blocks, which has the following (important for calculating the thickness of the insulation) indicators:

GSOP (calculated in degrees-days during the heating season) - 6000.
Heat transfer resistance - from 3.5 C / m kV. /W (walls), from 6 C/m kV. / W (ceiling).

To bring the heat transfer resistance values for walls and ceilings to the appropriate parameters (3.5 and 6 S/m kV./W), formulas must be used:

walls: R=3.5-R walls;
ceiling: R=6-R ceiling.

After the difference is found, the required thickness of the insulation can be calculated. This will help the formula p \u003d R * k, in which p will be the desired thickness indicator, k is the thermal conductivity of the insulation used. If the result is not a round (integer) number, then it should be rounded up.

If self-calculations using formulas seem rather complicated to you, you can use special calculators. They take into account all important calculation criteria. The user only needs to fill in the required fields.

It is best to use those calculators that are created by reputable manufacturers of thermal insulation materials. So, one of the most accurate is the calculator, the developers of which were the Rockwool brand.

Modern mineral wool insulation is supplied in rolls, mats and sheets. The last 2 delivery options are preferable, since they are easier to join without forming gaps and cracks.
When installing slab insulation, make sure that their width is 1.5-2 cm greater than the distance between the subsystem profiles. Otherwise, there will be a gap between the heat insulator and the profile, which risks turning into a "cold bridge".
Warming, which will be preceded by diagnostics, will be much more effective and efficient. To carry it out, use a thermal imager to determine the main areas of "leakage" of heat. This recommendation becomes relevant especially when insulating the internal parts of the building.

Having identified the main points of heat loss (usually the corners of buildings, the floor or ceiling on the first and last floors, end walls), sometimes it is enough to insulate only them to achieve the optimum temperature in the room.
Regardless of the method of insulation and the material used, the surface should be carefully prepared - it should be smooth and clean. All existing joints and cracks should be sealed with cement mortar, bumps should be beaten off, communication elements should be removed.
The final stage of the preparatory work will be the application of a primer in 2-3 layers. It will provide an antiseptic effect, as well as improve the adhesion of surfaces.

When using lathing from metal profiles, make sure that they have an anti-corrosion coating. Wooden logs for the frame are also subject to treatment with fire retardants and water repellents.
Mineral wool and felt heaters are stacked in several layers. Coincidence of joints between layers of different layers is unacceptable.
Most glued insulation (polystyrene foam, mineral wool) need additional fixation with dowels. The latter are attached in the center of the insulating sheet, as well as at 2-3 points along the edges.

Despite the similarity of liquid ceramics with paint, it cannot be applied with an airbrush and similar devices. Thus, it is possible to damage the ceramic shell, which means depriving the composition of heat-insulating properties. It is better to apply the mixture with a brush or roller.
If necessary, to give the treated surface a certain shade, ceramic insulation can be diluted with acrylic paint. Apply the composition in 4-5 layers, waiting for each of the coatings to dry.
Fixing the cork coating can only be carried out on perfectly flat surfaces, otherwise a "cold bridge" will form in the space between the coating and the wall, and condensate will begin to accumulate. If it is impossible to level the walls by plastering, a solid plasterboard frame is mounted, on which a “cork” is glued. For its fastening, special glue is required.

When using foam, it is important to thoroughly clean the surface of the walls from traces of old paint, solvents. It is important to exclude contact of the insulation with gasoline and acetone, since they dissolve polystyrene foam.

Each part of the building needs its own insulation.

For sloped roof high density basalt slabs are recommended. Expanded polystyrene plates can also be used, but in this case it is important to ensure high-quality ventilation. If installation speed is important, spray polyurethane foam, a cheaper option is ecowool. The layer thickness is usually 100 mm.
For an unheated attic expanded clay or other bulk materials can be used. A more affordable option is dry sawdust mixed with slaked lime in a ratio of 8: 2. Perlite granules, ecowool or slab insulation are also suitable. The layer thickness when using bulk materials should be at least 200 mm, for plate heaters 100 mm is enough.

Wall insulation more often produced by means of foam, mineral wool, polyurethane foam spraying or ecowool. You should choose them based on the features of the structure and your own financial capabilities. The most affordable will be polystyrene, more expensive options - mineral wool and polyurethane foam.
Floor insulation- the question is multi-valued. In a house with a low subfloor, it is more logical to carry out thermal insulation on the ground using bulk materials. Expanded polystyrene is suitable for a concrete screed, if the ceiling height allows - you can fill up with expanded clay (for insulation with expanded polystyrene, 50 mm of layer thickness is enough, while when using expanded clay - at least 200 mm). As a heater between the lags, any material is suitable. The technology is similar to attic insulation.
For foundation and plinth polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam are applicable. An important nuance is that both materials are destroyed by the action of sunlight, which must be taken into account when insulating the basement.

Modern thermal insulation has all the characteristics to protect our home. With the advent of cold weather, each building and structure needs its own thermal insulation in order to provide a comfortable living space for the people living in it. It is very important to properly perform the thermal insulation process for your private home so that it does not have dangerous "thermal bridges" that take you away from heat and can harm your home.

In this article, we will try to provide you with information about modern thermal insulation materials to help you choose the best one for your needs.

What is modern thermal insulation? This material must fulfill several functions, all of which relate to creating a comfortable and healthy atmosphere in your living space.

Requirements for modern thermal insulation

The main requirements for modern thermal insulation materials are:

1. Thermal conductivity. The best insulating materials should have the lowest thermal conductivity to reduce the overall heat transfer coefficient. Thus, less insulating material is required. Gas is one of the best insulating materials. The insulating properties of commercially available insulating materials are determined by the amount of gas retained within the material and the number of gas pockets.

Therefore, the higher the number of cells (which can support gas stagnation) and the smaller their size, the lower the thermal conductivity of such an insulating material. Gas-holding cells should not be interconnected, as this leads to heat convection. So, we need high thermal performance - the better the material insulates from low temperatures in winter and high temperatures in summer, the better.

2. Vapor permeability moisture. The best modern insulating materials must have very low moisture permeability. Thus, water absorption becomes negligible. Moisture condensation and corrosion are kept to a minimum. Do not confuse moisture permeability with vapor permeability. High vapor permeability - allows you to freely remove excess moisture from the premises to avoid the appearance of fungus and mold.

3.Low weight modern thermal insulation - will provide you with cheap transportation, ease of operation; there will be no need to strengthen walls, foundations, etc.

4. Resistance / setting functions. The insulation material must be resistant to water, solvents and chemicals. It must be durable and not lose its insulating effectiveness over time. The material must allow a wide choice of adhesives for its installation. Modern thermal insulation material should be easy to install, light and easy to handle.

It is desirable that ordinary tools can be used for installation work. Modern thermal insulation must be economical, with significant savings in initial cost, and it must also provide savings in long-term efficiency.

Modern thermal insulation is environmentally friendly and durable

5. Security features. The insulating material must be assessed as non-flammable and non-explosive. Flammability - The lower the flammability rating of a material, the less additional investment will be required. In case of ignition of the insulating material, the products of combustion must not form toxic impurities. Modern thermal insulation is environmentally friendly product, the material must be safe for human health.

6. Choice of finishes- the material must be able to decorate; the more variety of finishes you can use, the better.

7. Durability- a necessary condition for the long-term operation of modern heat-insulating material.

8. Price– good materials cannot be cheap, we need an optimal ratio: price-quality.

The most effective insulating materials:

Styrofoam;
extruded polystyrene foam;
Basalt mineral wool;
Laying the density of aerated concrete;
Rolls of foam foil;
Ecowool;
Foam glass;

Styrofoam

The main advantage of thermal insulation boards when you are insulating with polystyrene foam is their small thickness. This material is suitable for any additional warming and finishing measures without special preparation.

The pluses include the absence of polystyrene foam reactions to soap formulations and mineral additives. Modern thermal insulation - expanded polystyrene does not interact with bituminous mastics, cement mortars, lime, gypsum materials and asphalt emulsions. Well resists aggressive groundwater, does not collapse under their influence.

Modern thermal insulation expanded polystyrene, this is the usual foam

The guaranteed service life of this type of insulation is more than 25 years. It will always protect you from exposure to ultraviolet radiation, foams are very resistant to solar radiation.

Its only major drawback is that it is a highly flammable material. Expanded polystyrene is not recommended to insulate wooden houses. In addition, turpentine and acetone should be avoided on polystyrene foam, many types of varnish, as well as drying oil, can completely dissolve this material. Expanded polystyrene is also dissolved in all products created by the method of oil distillation.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Modern thermal insulation - (XPS) consists of closed cells and provides improved surface roughness, higher rigidity and reduced thermal conductivity. If you like, extruded polystyrene foam is the big brother of polystyrene foam.

Extruded foams are made by mixing polystyrene with a solvent, adding pressurized gas, and finally extruding the mixture to the desired material thickness. The extrusion process improves the characteristics of the final product.

Extruded polystyrene foam and the polystyrene foam we have already considered consist of the same substance, the difference is the technology for creating granules. As a result of the formation of independent pores during the extrusion process, mechanical resistance improves, the material becomes more uniform.

The material is not expensive with good heat-conducting properties and characteristics. This type of insulation has a guaranteed lifespan of over 25 years, but tests have now shown that modern XPS insulation lasts up to 50 years.

Extruded polystyrene foam is flammable, so additional protection and ventilation must be provided. At the finishing stage, any suitable material can be used, but when applying layers, for better adhesion, the XPS surface must be well prepared by mechanically roughening it (scratching).

Mineral wool

Modern thermal insulation is quite expensive. It is not surprising that the requirements of buyers for it are increased. Mineral wool has excellent vapor permeability and does not burn. With the help of this material, the so-called "protective" type of thermal insulation is created.

Thermal coating insulation is carried out using fiber coatings. It is a strong, lightweight material made from alumina, zirconium and quartz ceramic fibers. Mineral wool has a high density, which ensures a durability of more than 25 years. The advantage is also the possibility of finishing any type of building materials.

Modern thermal insulation aerated concrete

Super thick and heavy modern thermal insulation, but it has good vapor permeability. This is a non-combustible material. It should also be noted the fact that this material is structural and is a wall material. Aerated concrete will significantly reduce the relative cost of the share of thermal insulation in the construction of buildings. It is possible to use lightweight aerated concrete.

Modern thermal insulation aerated concrete, easily processed with a familiar tool.

Foam foil rolls

Modern thermal insulation foil foam. Thermal insulation film rolls (PE foam with glued foil on one or both sides) have good heat resistance and weight. Quite an expensive material compared to other types of thermal insulation. A bright representative of thermal insulation is the brand - cellular, foamed polyethylene foam.

Thermal insulation of the walls of the building with film film rolls makes the process even more expensive, since additional investments in ventilation systems and ventilation measures have to be made.

Modern thermal insulation foil foam.

The properties of this material (lack of adhesion of polymeric materials and cement) greatly limit the choice of finishes and reduce the range of applications where it can be used.

The presence of foil on both sides of this insulating material does not affect the thermal resistance of the walls, a slight improvement in thermal resistance is observed only in an enclosed air space, the effect of which is measured within the mathematical error. The material rarely finds use in building structural layers. Basically it's roofing.

Ecowool

Not expensive and very practical modern thermal insulation. made of cellulose, so its main advantage is quite obvious - it is a natural, very environmentally friendly material. Due to its looseness and weak bearing capacity, a wide choice of finishes is not possible. Ecowool can be diluted with water and poured into the brickwork (creating the so-called "well") or sprayed into the frame of the frame structure using special equipment.

Modern wall insulation with ecowool.

The flammability of this material prohibits its use in mass construction. The guaranteed service life of this type of insulation is about 10-15 years.

Foam glass FOAMGLAS

Unique modern thermal insulation Foamglass FOAMGLAS®. Life time thermal insulation material, practically unlimited. Modern thermal insulation is not subject to aging. Maintains physical properties throughout the life of the building. The exceptional performance of FOAMGLAS® insulation shows performance even under extreme conditions.

modern thermal insulation FOAMGLAS®

Foam glass is used as an insulating material and has the following advantages:

high resistance to fire;
high resistance to microbiological attack;
good resistance to most chemicals;
high temperature resistance;
available in various presentations (e.g. blankets, mats, free filling and slabs);
low thermal conductivity.

modern fiberglass insulation is available in rolls of various thicknesses, also called blankets and mats. The width of blankets and mats will depend on how they are to be installed, and some face foil or kraft paper on one side to act as vapor barriers.

However, the main technical limitations of fiberglass as insulation are: