Good night in Yiddish. What do Jews want each other? Greetings Handbook. Nafal li Asimon נפל לי אסימון

Israel is a multilingual country. Hebrew and Arabic are both state languages. In addition, English, Spanish, French, as well as Persian, Russian, Amharic (Ethiopian), Romanian, Chinese and Thai are widely spoken.
Hebrew is a young language and at the same time has a centuries-old history. Its consonantal alphabet has 22 letters. Hebrew belongs to the Semitic group, which also includes Aramaic, Arabic, Amharic and others.
Yiddish is spoken by Orthodox Jews in Israel. And they speak it very actively. Children under the age of 4-5 do not know Hebrew at all and speak only Yiddish with their parents. Moreover, at school (heider), all Orthodox Jews master both literary and colloquial Hebrew to perfection. But among themselves they speak only Yiddish - apparently, they do not want to desecrate the "holy language" with everyday issues. So Yiddish can rightfully be considered the fourth spoken language of Israel.
Tourists who decide to visit Israel, I advise you to learn some words and phrases in Hebrew at your leisure. This will facilitate your communication with the local population.

General
Hello - shalom
How are you - ma kore
Thanks - toda
Thank you very much - Toda Raba
Good - tov
Yes - ken
No - lo
Please - bewakasha
sorry - stupid
Police - Mishtara
Ambulance - ambulance
I need help - ani king ezra
I don't understand - ani lo mevin
I don't speak Hebrew - ani lö medaber Hebrew
Good morning - boker tov
Good afternoon - eat tov
Good evening - erev tov
Good night - layla tov
Goodbye - le "itraot
Bye bye
I am ani
We are anahnu
You are ata (female-at)
You are an atom (plural only)
They are hem
What is your name? - eih korim lyakha (female-lyakh)
Very nice - Naim method
Good - tov
Bad - ra (lo tov)
Wife - Isha
Husband - baal
Daughter - baht
son - ben
mother - ima
Father - aba
Friend - haver

The airport
Plane - matos
Airport - sde teufa
Takeoff - amraa
Flight - yew
Entrance - knisa
Exit - yetia
Air ticket - cartis yew
Duty - mehes
Bag - teak
Hand luggage - Mizwadat Poison
Overweight - mishkal odef
Checking passports - bdikat darkonim

Transport
I live in a hotel... - ani gar bae malon...
I am a tourist from... - ani tayar mi...
I'm lost - ani alyahti leibud
How to get to... - eyh leagia le...
Car - oto, rehev, mechonit
Train - rakevet
Bus - otobus
Taxi - Monit
Street - rehov
Go on foot - lalekhet baregel
Walk - flyer
Straight - yashar
Left - pitch
Right - yamina

Tourism
Where…? - hey……..?
How much does the ticket cost? - kama ole cartis?
Ticket - Kartis
Train - rocket
Bus - otobus
Metro - rakevet takhtit (not in Israel)
Airport - sde teufa
Station - takhanat-rakevet
Bus station - takhanat-otobus
Departure - yetia
Arrival - yeah
Car rental - askarat rehev
Parking - hanaya
Hotel, hotel - beit malon
Room - header
Reservation - azmana
Passport - darkon
How to get -
Left - resin
Right - Yamina
Straight - yashar
Up - lemala
Down - lemata
Far away - rahok
Close - cars
Map - map

Purchases
Store - khanut
Jewelry store - hanut takshitim
Diamonds - yaalomim
Ring with diamonds - tabat yaalomim
Earrings - agilim
Bracelet - tsamid
Chain - charsheret
Money - kesef
What is the price? - kama ole?
What it is? - ma ze?
I will buy it - Eni ikne et ze
Do you have ... - Yes Lahem?
Open - Patuach
Closed - sagur
Price - mahir
Discount - Anaha
Sale - Mivtsa
Cash - mezuman
Surrender - odef
Cheap - sol
Expensive - yakar

In a cafe/restaurant
Restaurant - misada
Waiter - Miltzar
Menu - tafrit
Menu in Russian - tafrit be-rusit
Menu in English - tafrit be-anglit
Bill please - hashbonite, bewakasha
I want - ani roce
Order - leazmin
Eat - leechol
Drink - lishtot

Food
Food - ohel
Bread - lehem
Meat - basar
Fish - doug
Chicken - of
Sausage - naknik
Milk is free
Cheese - Guinea
Sugar - sukar
Salt - melah
Tea - te
Vegetables - erakot
Fruit - feather
Breakfast - aruhat-boker
Lunch - aruhat-tsaoraim
Dinner - aruhat-erev
Drink - mashke
Coffee - kafk
Juice - mitz
Water - maim
Wine - yayin
Pepper - Pilpel
Dessert - mana achrona
Ice cream - glida
grilled meat - al-a-esh
soup - marak
pita iraqi - lafa

Clothes and accessories
Clothes - bgadim
Footwear - naalaym
Swimsuit - bgiday yam
Slippers - naaley yam
Jacket - mail
Trousers - mihnasim
Shirt - hulza
Dress - symbol
Skirt - hatsait
Hat, cap - kova
Sunglasses - Mishkafei Shemesh
Sun cream - shizuf cream
Anti-sun cream - agana cream

Common areas, attractions
Mail - doar
Museum - muzeon
Bank - bank
Police - Mishtara
Hospital - Beit Holim
Pharmacy - beit mirqahat
Store - khanut
Restaurant - misada
School - beit sefer
Church - knesia
Toilet - shirutim
Street - rehov
Square - kikar
Sea - yamina
Ocean - oceanus
Lake - agam
River - naar
Pool - Briha
Bridge - gesher

Dates and times
What time is it now? - ma shaa?
Day - eat
Week - Shavua
Month - hodesh
Year - Shana
Monday - eat sheni
Tuesday - eat slish
Wednesday - eat ravia
Thursday - eat hamishi
Friday - eat shishi
Saturday - Shabbat
Sunday - yom reshon
January - Januar
February - february
March - martz
April - April
May - May
June - uni
July - juli
August - august
September - september
October - October
November - November
December - december
Spring - aviv
Summer - kaits
Autumn - becoming
Winter - Choref

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In words where the stress does not fall on the last syllable , stressed vowels are underlined in transcription.

In the morning it is customary to greet each other with the words:

בוקר טוב Good morningb o ker tov

There are also possible answers:

בוקר אור morning light bo ker op

בוקר מצוין Great morningb oh ker metsuyan

During the day, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

צהריים טובים Good afternoon (literally: "good afternoon") ca hop and yim tovim

(word צהריים can also be pronounced:c about hop a yim )

About the phrase יום טוב yom tov- read the notes.

In the evening it is customary to greet each other:

ערב טוב Good evening er rev tov

At night, it is customary to greet each other:

לילה טוב Goodnight la ila tov

In a traditional environment, you can hear a greeting:

שלום עליכם Peace to you shalom al uh ham

Possible answer:

ועליכם שלום And peace to you ve-ale ham shalom

The simplest and most common greeting, suitable for any situation and at any time of the day:

שלום World; Mira shalom

You can answer with the same word - shalom. At the same time, in a religious environment for a greeting shalom taken to answer:

וברכה And blessing v-vraha

From Friday afternoon to Saturday night until dark, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

שבת שלום peaceful saturday Shabbat Shalom

(among religious Zionists, many pronounce this phrase, "stretching" the sound about in the word shalom - Shabbat shalo-o-o-m)

After dark on Saturday evening (according to Jewish tradition, this corresponds to the beginning of the week) and on Sunday morning, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

שבוע טוב good week shavu a tov

It is customary for religious Jews on the last and first day of the month (according to the Jewish calendar) to greet like this:

חודש טוב good month ho dash tov

On holidays, you can greet each other with the words:

חג שמח! happy holiday hag same ah

On the eve and in the first days after Rosh Hashanah (New Year according to the Jewish calendar), a greeting is accepted:

שנה טובה ! have a nice year shana tova

Note that many immigrants from the former USSR in Israel greet each other with the words shana tova also at the end of December and the beginning of January - on the New Year according to the "usual" calendar.

Also additional greetings and wishes for the autumn holidays- Rosh Hashanah, Sukkot and Yom Kippur.

On Pesach (Easter), greetings/wishes are possible:

שמח Happy Pesach! P e sah same ah

פסח כשר ושמח Kosher and joyful Pesach!P e sah kasher ve-same ah

חג מצות שמח Happy matzah!hag matzot same ah

Joyful holiday of freedom! hag herut same ahחג חירות שמח

Happy Spring Festival! hag ha-aviv same ahחג האביב שמח

A famous Russian actor congratulated fans on Pesach like this.

During the Easter week, it is customary to greet each other:

מועדים לשמחה! moadim le simha

See video on the topic of Pesach greetings.

During the holiday of Hanukkah, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

חנוכה שמח! Joyful Hanukkah Hanukkah same ah

חג אורים שמח! Joyful festival of light hag urim same ah

On Purim, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

חג פורים שמח ! Happy Purim hag purim same ah

פורים שמח! Happy Purim purim same ah

(word פורים can be pronounced like puri m And How pu rim)

On the holiday of Sukkot, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

חג סוכות שמח! Happy Sukkot hag sukot same ah

During the semi-holiday period (the week of the Sukkot holiday), it is customary to greet each other:

מועדים לשמחה! happy holiday seasonmoadim le simha

On the holiday of Shavuot, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

חג שבועות שמח! Happy Shavuot hag shavuot same ah

חג ביכורים שמח! Happy New Harvest hag bikurim same ah

On the eve of Judgment Day (yom kippur) and on the Day of Judgment, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

גמר חתימה טובה! good record gmar hatima tova

(according to Judaism, on the Day of Judgment, the Almighty decides the fate of every Jew for the current year)

On Independence Day, it is customary to greet each other with the words:

יום העצמאות שמח! Happy Independence Day yom ha-atzmaut same ah

In the event of any joyful event (wedding, birth of a child, birthday, promotion, winning the lottery ...), the heroes of the occasion and their loved ones can be greeted with the words:

מזל ט ו ב! Good fortune (Congratulations!) mazal tov

Guests can be greeted with words that mean "Welcome":

ברוך הבא Blessed is the one who comes baruch haba

ברוכה הבאה Blessed is the one who comes brujah ha-baa

ברוכים הבאים Blessed are those who come bruhim ha-baim

In a religious environment, it is customary to respond to the greeting of the owners of the house (or local residents):

ברוך ה נמצ א Blessed is he who is baruch ha-nimza

ברוכה ה נמצ א ת Blessed is she who is brujah ha-nimset

ברוכים ה נמצ אים Blessed are those who are bruhim ha-nimzaim

In a secular environment, you can hear a greeting borrowed from English:

היי hai ha:th

In Israel, a greeting borrowed from Arabic is also popular:

אהלן (אהלאן) Hey; Welcome a hlan; ahAlan

Along with the greeting, a question about health, business, situation, etc. may be asked. For example:

מה שלומך ? ma shlomha

How are you? (addressing a man, literally: “How is your world?”)

מה שלומך ? ma shlomeh

How are you? (addressing a woman)

מה שלומכם ? ma shlomham

How are you? (addressing a group of people)

It is also possible to address in the third person, in order to emphasize special respect. In a religious environment, they refer to rabbis or spiritual authorities like this:

מה שלומו ? ma slomo

How are you? (addressing a man, literally: “How is his world?”)

An even more refined form of the question is possible:

מה שלום כבודו ? ma shlom quodo

How are you, Your Honor? (referring to a man)

Other questions that can be asked along with the greeting phrase in an informal or friendly setting:

מה העניינים? How are you? ma ha-inyanim

מה נשמע? What is heard? ma nishma

מה חדש ? What's new? ma hadash

מה ה מצב ? What is the situation? ma ha-matzav

The questions mentioned above usually do not require a lengthy answer. A short answer is possible, for example:

בסדר In order be-se der

הכל בסדר Everything is good ha-kol be-s uh dar

יהיה בסד ר Will be good yi hye ba-s uh dar

תודה לאל Thank God toda la el

In a religious environment, it is customary to answer:

ברוך ה" Thank God baruch hhashem

(verbatim Blessed be His Name)

יהיה טוב , בעזרת ה" yi hYe tov, be-ezrat hhashem

It will be fine, with God's help

Note that in the Jewish religious tradition, when writing, it is customary to convey the meaning of "God" by abbreviation. Therefore the word hashem("His Name") is rendered by the letter "hey" with the sign "geresh" (similar to an apostrophe, but do not confuse it with the letter "yod" י).

Given that many greetings contain the words "joyful", "kind", "good" - these greetings are not customary to pronounce at the cemetery, on days of mourning and on days of fasting. These days it is customary to greet each other with a word shalom. At the same time, in the orthodox environment on the days of fasting (Av 9, Tamuz 17, Taanit Esther), many fundamentally do not greet anyone and do not respond to greetings, men do not even shake hands with each other.

Newscasters usually greet listeners and viewers with traditional phrases:בוקר טוב "Good morning",ערב טוב “Good evening”, etc. If the news contains information about terrorist attacks, serious accidents, military conflicts, the announcers greet with wordsשלום רב shalom rav (meaning "hello").

A person who has acquired something new can be greeted with “With a new thing!” (literally: "Refresh"):

תתחדש! With a new thing! (referring to a man) tithadesh

תתחדשי! With a new thing! (to a woman) tithadshi

תתחדשו ! With a new thing! (to a group of people) tithadshu

If people meet by chance 2 times during the day, you can use a playful greeting.

פעם שלישית - גלידה Third time - ice creampaam shlishit glida

(implied: "if we meet for the third time - ice cream off you", is taken as a joke)

For those who want to learn Hebrew online (Skype)or purchase book sets- information

Sign up for a Hebrew course. It doesn’t really matter what the format is: classes with a tutor, attending a language school or an elective at the university. The important thing is that all this will strengthen your intention to learn the language. If you live in Israel, you can write down “ulpan” or “ulpanim” for language courses, where you will live and breathe Hebrew, Hebrew and Hebrew again.

Immerse yourself in the culture of Israel and the Jewish people. Listen to Israeli radio, watch Israeli films, read Israeli books - but, of course, if everything is in Hebrew.

Get children's books in Hebrew. Many Disney works have been translated into Hebrew, although Israeli literature itself still has something to offer children!

• Children's books can be bought at any bookstore in Israel.
• At community Jewish centers, too, one can often find a library with modern and classical works for readers of all ages.

Hebrew (עִבְרִית) is the official language in Israel. However, in most cities, local residents speak Russian and English. Hebrew is written and read from right to left.

Language of Israel

What is the language in Israel

In the Israeli state, Hebrew is spoken. It is the state language of Israel, revived in the 20th century. Worldwide, over 8 million people speak Hebrew. In the period from 113 to 7 centuries BC, it was strengthened as an independent language of the Semites.

One of the features that the language of Israel has is the use of a conjugate construction to form new nouns: beit-sefer (school) comes from the words bayit (house) and sefer (book).

The Israeli alphabet is represented by a square script (alef-bet), it has 22 letters. The writing also uses Aramaic and Yiddish.

Although the official language of Israel is Hebrew, 20% of the population speaks Russian. Basically, these are immigrants from the countries of the USSR and modern Russia. It is worth saying that moving to this country under the repatriation program, people first of all begin to learn the language of Israel.

If you live in Israel, but have not yet learned Hebrew... If you visit our beautiful country at least occasionally, then remember these few expressions. They are so popular that knowing them you will already understand half of what has been said. Understanding Hebrew slang is extremely important if you are trying to learn the culture of the country you are in.

Al hapanim על הפנים

Literary translation "On the face"

In slang it means: terrible

Example: When I get the flu, I feel like al haPanim.

Avarnu et Paro, naavor gam et ze

In translation, this means: We overcame the pharaoh (in Egypt) we will also go through this.

Its meaning: We have overcome great difficulties, we will overcome this.

For example: We have been unable to deal with this problem for 5 hours. Don't worry, Avarnu et Paro, naavor gam et ze.

Bi`shu`shu בשושו

Bi'shu'shu means to do something in secret without anyone knowing.

Example: He didn't tell us that he bought a new car. He always does bi`shu`shu things.

Beten woof בטן גב

Literary translation: belly back

This means: A time for rest and relaxation, when you do nothing but roll over from one side to the other.

For example: I worked so hard today, I really need some beten woof.

Boker Tov Eliahu בוקר טוב אליהו

Literary translation: Good morning Eliah!

It means: a reminder with irony. Analogue in Russian: good morning! Have you just woken up?

For example: Boker Tov Eliahu! Where have you been? We agreed on 10, and now 12!

Ahla אחלה

Arabic - great

Example: אחלה מקום [ahla poppy] is a great place.

Israel even has a brand of hummus called Ahla.

Elef Ahuz אלף אחוז

Transfer: 1,000 percent

Meaning: To be sure of something

Aix fixa or eix איכסה פיכסה

Literal translation: Muck

For example: Eiksa, this shawarma is absolutely not tasty.

Eise Seret איזה סרט

Literary translation: What movie

Analogue in Russian: this is a movie!

Meaning: an event that goes beyond ordinary life, usually with a negative context

For example: You won't believe what we had to endure at the customs control... Eise is dead!

This phrase is also used in literal translation. For example, if you saw a good movie, you would say “Eise Seret!”

Face פייס

In English it means face, but in Hebrew it's just short for Facebook.

For example: I changed my avatar to Face.

Fadiha פדיחה

Arabic word meaning mess or miss.

For example: Eise fadiha! I fell asleep at work all day.

Gihazta et a-Kartis Eshrai

Literary translation: You spent a credit card

Meaning: You spent a lot of money on a credit card in a short period of time.

For example: You bought a lot today - Gihazta et a-Kartis Eshrai!

a-Dod meAmerica הדוד מאמריקה

Translation: Uncle from America

Meaning: A wealthy relative or even friend from the US who showers his poor relatives from Israel with gifts.

For example: I would like to have a (a-Dod meAmerica) uncle from America who will send me the latest iPhone model!

hawal al hazman חבל על הזמן

Literary translation: Sorry for the time!

It can be a positive reaction - that's great! It can also be in a negative context - it's a waste of time!

Positive example: A great film - hawal al-a-Zman

Negative example: The film was so boring - hawal al hazman

This expression is also used by teenagers. The first 3 letters of each word are used as an abbreviation "Hav'laz"

For example: She bought a cool dress - Hav'laz!

Janana ג’ננה

The word is of Arabic origin, meaning aggravates, irritates

For example: Ata ma'vi li et haJanana! - You annoy me!

Kama kama? כמה כמה

Literary translation: how much, how much?

Meaning: What score?

For example: Maccabi played basketball against Hapoel (Israeli teams), you want to know the score from a friend and ask: Kama, kama?

Kef Rezach כף רצח

Literal translation: Kef - slang "high", retsakh - murder

Meaning: Best or to die for

For example: His bar mitzvah party was kef retsach.

ko ko קוקו

Ko ko is not like a cockerel says, but a hairstyle - a ponytail (high) tail or an elastic band with which it is made

For example: Mom, I'm going to fitness today, please make me a ko ko

Ma HaMatzav מה המצב

Exact translation: how are you, what is the situation?

For example: Hey brother, ma ha matzav?

Magniv מגניב

Meaning: Cool!

For example: You are all invited to my party. - Magniv!

Ma ani, ez? ?מה אני, עז

Literary translation: what am I, a goat?

Means protest against unequal treatment or being ignored

For example: After Artyom noticed that all the children except him were given sweets, he says to his mother: “Ma ani, ez?”

Yarad a-Asimon ירד האסימון

Literary translation: The token dropped

Meaning: I got it.

For example: I understood the joke, Yarad a-Asimon!

Of mahubas עוף מכובס

Translation: washed chicken

Meaning: Boiled chicken or a constantly recurring situation

For example: If we go to your parents this weekend, we will have to choke on the old of mahubas again, but if we go to mine ...

Another example: We've talked about this so many times already, it's like of mahubas

Ototo אותותו

Common saying means: one second, very soon

For example: I have to go. I have an appointment ototo

Another example: She is 9 months pregnant, the birth will be

Paam shishish, glida! פעם שלישית, גלידה

Literary translation: Third time, ice cream!

The close meaning of this phrase is lucky for the third time. They say when they met someone many times in a short amount of time.

For example: We meet for the second time today, paam shlishit, glida!

Sebaba סבבה

Meaning: good, fine

For example: How are you? - Sabab, thank you!

Strudel שטרודל

As we all know, the meaning of this word is a sweet cake with apples.

In Israel, this is what they call a "dog" - @

For example: E-mail address of the site admin strudel israelrus dot ru.

Sof HaDerech סוף הדרך

Translation: End of the road

Meaning: Great

For example: We had lunch at the new sushi bar, the food was just sof a derech!

Sof HaOlam resin סוף העולם שמאלה

Translation: End of the world to the left

Meaning: The middle of nothing, an isolated place in the middle of nowhere.

For example: You won't even find it on the map. They live 30 km south of Dimona. It's sof a-olam resin!

Sponge ספונג’ה

Literal translation: sponge, to wash with a sponge

So in Israel they call a mop with a hard sponge at the end, which is customary to clean leaked water after a shower.

Taim Rezach טעים רצח

Literal translation: Taim means tasty, and retzah means murder

Meaning: So delicious it's ready to die!

Example: My mother cooks such a casserole that we are talking about it!

Yalla וואלה

Yalla is Hebrew slang, which can have different meanings and interpretations. Depending on pronunciation and context, this can mean: true, hmm.., clear or ok

For example: A new Harry Potter book has just been released. Satisfied Potter fans respond: Yalla!

Ze Ze זה זה

Translation: This is it.

Meaning: This is it, the meaning is to be.

For example: We love each other. Ze Ze.

You can also say: This is the perfect dress for my sister's wedding. Ze ze!

Write in the comments how you find set expressions in Israel.