What size table should be for a child. Standard height of a desk for a student: guests and norms. Functionality of school furniture

V. Requirements for premises and equipmenteducational institutions

5.1. The number of jobs for students should not exceed the capacity of the educational institution provided for by the project according to which the building was built (reconstructed).

Each student is provided with a workplace (at a desk or table, game modules and others) in accordance with his height.

5.2. Depending on the purpose of the classrooms, various types of student furniture can be used: school desks, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables complete with chairs, desks and others. Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.

Student furniture must be made of materials that are harmless to the health of children, and must comply with the growth and age characteristics of children and ergonomic requirements.

5.3. The main type of student furniture for students of the 1st stage of education should be a school desk, provided with a tilt regulator for the surface of the working plane. During the teaching of writing and reading, the slope of the working surface of the plane of the school desk should be 7-15. The front edge of the seat surface should go beyond the front edge of the working plane of the desk by 4 cm at the desks of the 1st number, by 5 - 6 cm - at the 2nd and 3rd numbers and by 7 - 8 cm at the desks of the 4th number.

The dimensions of the educational furniture, depending on the height of the students, must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in Table 1.

Table 1

Furniture dimensions and markings

Furniture numbers according to GOST 11015-93 11016-93	growth group (in mm)	Height above the floor of the cover of the edge of the table facing the student, according to GOST 11015-93 (in mm)	Veet marking	Height above the floor of the front edge of the seat according to GOST 11016-93 (in mm)
			orange
			Violet

A combined use of different types of student furniture (desks, desks) is allowed.

Depending on the height group, the height above the floor of the front edge of the desk top facing the student should have the following values: with a body length of 1150 - 1300 mm - 750 mm, 1300 - 1450 mm - 850 mm and 1450 - 1600 mm - 950 mm. The angle of inclination of the table top is 15 - 17 .

The duration of continuous work at the desk for students of the 1st stage of education should not exceed 7-10 minutes, and for students of the 2nd-3rd stage of education - 15 minutes.

5.4. For the selection of educational furniture according to the growth of students, its color marking is made, which is applied to the visible side outer surface of the table and chair in the form of a circle or stripes.

5.5. Desks (tables) are placed in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, larger ones are farther away. For children with hearing impairments, desks should be placed in the front row.

Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, colds should be seated further from the outer wall.

At least twice during the academic year, students sitting on the outer rows, rows 1 and 3 (with a three-row arrangement of desks), change places without violating the correspondence of the furniture to their height.

In order to prevent violations of posture, it is necessary to cultivate the correct working posture for students from the first days of attending classes in accordance with the recommendations of Annex 1 of these sanitary rules.

5.6. When equipping classrooms, the following dimensions of aisles and distances in centimeters are observed:

Between the rows of double tables - at least 60;

Between a row of tables and an outer longitudinal wall - at least 50 - 70;

Between a row of tables and an internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets along this wall - at least 50;

From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70, from the back wall, which is external - 100;

From the demonstration table to the training board - at least 100;

From the first desk to the training board - at least 240;

The greatest distance of the last place of the student from the educational board - 860;

The height of the lower edge of the training board above the floor is 70 - 90;

The distance from the blackboard to the first row of tables in square or transverse cabinets with a four-row arrangement of furniture is at least 300.

The angle of visibility of the board from the edge of the board 3.0 m long to the middle of the extreme place of the student at the front table must be at least 35 degrees for students of the II-III levels of education and at least 45 degrees for students of the I level of education.

The most distant place of employment from the windows should not be more than 6.0 m.

In educational institutions of the first climatic region, the distance of tables (desks) from the outer wall must be at least 1.0 m.

When installing desks in addition to the main student furniture, they are placed behind the last row of tables or the first row from the wall opposite the light-bearing one, in compliance with the requirements for the size of the passages and the distances between the equipment.

This arrangement of furniture does not apply to classrooms equipped with interactive whiteboards.

In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, it is necessary to provide for a rectangular configuration of classrooms and classrooms with student tables located along the windows and left-hand natural lighting.

5.7. Chalkboards (using chalk) should be made of materials that adhere well to writing materials, clean well with a damp sponge, be durable, dark green in color and anti-reflective.

Blackboards should have trays for holding chalk dust, storing chalk, rags, and a holder for drawing supplies.

When using a marker board, the color of the marker should be contrasting (black, red, brown, dark tones of blue and green).

It is allowed to equip classrooms and classrooms with interactive whiteboards that meet hygienic requirements. When using an interactive whiteboard and a projection screen, it is necessary to ensure its uniform illumination and the absence of bright spots of light.

5.8. Physics and chemistry classrooms should be equipped with special demonstration tables. To ensure better visibility of educational visual aids, the demonstration table is installed on the podium. Student and demonstration tables must have a coating that is resistant to aggressive chemicals and protective edges along the outer edge of the table.

The chemistry cabinet and the laboratory assistant are equipped with fume hoods.

5.9. The equipment of informatics classrooms must comply with hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work.

5.10. Workshops for labor training should have an area of ​​6.0 m 2 per 1 workplace. The placement of equipment in the workshops is carried out taking into account the creation of favorable conditions for visual work and maintaining the correct working posture.

Carpentry workshops are equipped with workbenches, arranged either at an angle of 45 to the window, or in 3 rows perpendicular to the light-bearing wall so that the light falls on the left. The distance between the workbenches must be at least 0.8 m in the front-rear direction.

In locksmith workshops, both left-hand and right-hand lighting is allowed with a perpendicular arrangement of workbenches to the light-bearing wall. The distance between the rows of single workbenches should be at least 1.0 m, double - 1.5 m. The vise is attached to the workbenches at a distance of 0.9 m between their axes. Locksmith workbenches must be equipped with a safety net 0.65 - 0.7 m high.

Drilling, grinding and other machines should be installed on a special foundation and equipped with safety nets, glass and local lighting.

Carpentry and locksmith workbenches should be appropriate for the height of students and equipped with footrests.

The dimensions of the tools used for carpentry and metalwork must correspond to the age and height of the students (Appendix 2 of these sanitary rules).

Locksmith and carpentry workshops and service work rooms are equipped with washbasins with cold and hot water supply, electric towels or paper towels.

5.11. In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions in the classrooms of home economics, it is necessary to provide for the presence of at least two rooms: for teaching cooking skills and for cutting and sewing.

5.12. In the home economics classroom used for teaching cooking skills, it is planned to install two-slot sinks with cold and hot water supply with a mixer, at least 2 tables with hygienic coating, a refrigerator, an electric stove and a cupboard for storing dishes. Approved detergents for washing tableware must be provided near sinks.

5.13. The home economics cabinet, used for cutting and sewing, is equipped with tables for drawing patterns and cutting, sewing machines.

Sewing machines are installed along windows to provide left-hand natural light to the work surface of the sewing machine or opposite a window for direct (front) natural light to the work surface.

5.14. In the existing buildings of educational institutions, in the presence of one home economics cabinet, a separate place is provided for placing an electric stove, cutting tables, a sink for dishes and a washbasin.

5.15. Labor training workshops and a home economics office, gyms should be equipped with first aid kits.

5.16. The equipment of classrooms intended for artistic creativity, choreography and music must comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children.

5.17. In the playrooms, furniture, play and sports equipment should correspond to the growth data of students. Furniture should be placed around the perimeter of the game room, thereby freeing up the maximum part of the area for outdoor games.

When using upholstered furniture, it is necessary to have removable covers (at least two), with their obligatory replacement at least once a month and as they get dirty. Special cabinets are installed for storing toys and manuals.

Televisions are installed on special cabinets at a height of 1.0 - 1.3 m from the floor. When watching TV programs, the placement of spectator seats should ensure a distance of at least 2 m from the screen to the eyes of students.

5.18. Bedrooms for first-graders attending an extended day group should be separate for boys and girls. They are equipped with teenage (size 1600 x 700 mm) or built-in single-tier beds. The beds in the bedrooms are arranged in compliance with the minimum gaps: from the outer walls - at least 0.6 m, from the heaters - 0.2 m, the width of the passage between the beds - at least 1.1 m, between the headboards of two beds - 0.3 - 0.4 m.

VI. Air-thermal requirements

6.1. Buildings of educational institutions are equipped with centralized heating and ventilation systems, which must comply with the design and construction standards for residential and public buildings and provide optimal microclimate and air parameters.

Steam heating is not used in institutions. When installing fences for heating appliances, the materials used must be harmless to the health of children.

Fences made of particle boards and other polymeric materials are not allowed.

Do not use portable heaters, as well as heaters with infrared radiation.

6.2. The air temperature, depending on climatic conditions in classrooms and offices, psychologist and speech therapist's offices, laboratories, assembly hall, canteen, recreation, library, lobby, wardrobe should be 18 - 24 C; in the gym and rooms for sectional classes, workshops - 17 - 20 C; bedroom, playrooms, premises of preschool education units and school boarding school - 20 - 24 C; medical offices, locker rooms of the gym - 20 - 22 C, showers - 25 C.

To control the temperature regime, classrooms and classrooms must be equipped with household thermometers.

6.3. During extracurricular time, in the absence of children in the premises of a general educational institution, a temperature of at least 15 C must be maintained.

6.4. In the premises of educational institutions, the relative humidity of the air should be 40 - 60%, the speed of air movement should not exceed 0.1 m / s.

6.5. In the presence of stove heating in existing buildings of educational institutions, a firebox is arranged in the corridor. To avoid indoor air pollution with carbon monoxide, the chimneys are closed no earlier than the complete combustion of the fuel and no later than two hours before the students arrive.

Stove heating is not allowed for newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions.

6.6. Educational rooms are ventilated during breaks, and recreational rooms are ventilated during lessons. Before the start of classes and after their completion, it is necessary to carry out through ventilation of the classrooms. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions, the direction and speed of the wind, and the efficiency of the heating system. The recommended duration of cross-ventilation is shown in Table 2.

Outside temperature, 0 C	Duration of ventilation, min
	In small changes	During big breaks and between shifts
+10 to +6
-5 to -10

6.7. Physical education lessons and sports sections should be held in well-aerated sports halls.

It is necessary to open one or two windows on the leeward side during classes in the hall at an outdoor temperature above plus 5 C and a wind speed of no more than 2 m / s. At a lower temperature and a higher speed of air movement, classes in the hall are carried out with one or three transoms open. When the outside air temperature is below minus 10 C and the air speed is more than 7 m/s, through ventilation of the hall is carried out in the absence of students for 1 - 1.5 minutes; during big breaks and between shifts - 5 - 10 minutes.

When the air temperature reaches plus 14 C, airing in the gym should be stopped.

6.8. Windows must be equipped with hinged transoms with lever devices or vents. The area of ​​transoms and vents used for ventilation in classrooms must be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Transoms and vents should function at any time of the year.

6.9. When replacing window blocks, the glazing area must be maintained or increased.

The plane of opening of windows should provide a mode of ventilation.

6.10. Glazing of windows must be made of solid fiberglass. Broken glass must be replaced immediately.

6.11. Separate exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises: classrooms and classrooms, assembly halls, swimming pools, shooting ranges, a canteen, a medical center, a cinema room, sanitary facilities, rooms for processing and storing cleaning equipment, carpentry and locksmith workshops.

Mechanical exhaust ventilation is equipped in workshops and service rooms where stoves are installed.

6.12. The concentration of harmful substances in the air of the premises of educational institutions should not exceed the hygienic standards for atmospheric air in populated areas.

VII. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting

7.1. Daylight.

7.1.1. All classrooms must have natural lighting in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

7.1.2. Without natural lighting, it is allowed to design: shell, washrooms, showers, toilets at the gym; showers and toilets for staff; storerooms and warehouses, radio nodes; film and photo laboratories; book depositories; boiler, pump water supply and sewerage; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for installation and control of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; storage facilities for disinfectants.

7.1.3. In classrooms, side natural left-hand lighting should be designed. With a depth of classrooms of more than 6 m, a right-sided illumination device is required, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.

The direction of the main light flux in front and behind the students is not allowed.

7.1.4. In workshops for labor training, assembly and sports halls, two-sided lateral natural lighting can be used.

7.1.5. In the premises of educational institutions, normalized values ​​​​of the coefficient of natural illumination (KEO) are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

7.1.6. In classrooms with one-sided lateral natural lighting, KEO on the working surface of the desks at the point of the room furthest from the windows should be at least 1.5%. With two-sided lateral natural lighting, the KEO indicator is calculated on the middle rows and should be 1.5%.

The luminous coefficient (SC - the ratio of the glazed surface area to the floor area) must be at least 1:6.

7.1.7. The windows of the classrooms should be oriented to the south, southeast and east sides of the horizon. The windows of the drafting and drawing rooms, as well as the kitchen room, can be oriented to the northern sides of the horizon. The orientation of the informatics classrooms is to the north, northeast.

7.1.8. The light openings of the classrooms, depending on the climatic zone, are equipped with adjustable sun protection devices (lifting and turning blinds, fabric curtains) with a length not lower than the level of the window sill.

It is recommended to use curtains made of light-colored fabrics that have a sufficient degree of light transmission, good light-scattering properties, which should not reduce the level of natural light. The use of curtains (curtains), including curtains with lambrequins, made of PVC film and other curtains or devices that limit natural light is not allowed.

In the non-working state, the curtains must be placed in the piers between the windows.

7.1.9. For the rational use of daylight and uniform illumination of classrooms, you should:

Do not paint over window panes;

Do not place flowers on window sills, they are placed in portable flower beds 65 - 70 cm high from the floor or hanging planters in the piers between the windows;

Cleaning and washing of glasses should be carried out as they get dirty, but at least 2 times a year (in autumn and spring).

The duration of insolation in classrooms and classrooms should be continuous, in duration not less than:

2.5 hours in the northern zone (north of 58 degrees N);

2.0 hours in the central zone (58 - 48 degrees north latitude);

1.5 hours in the southern zone (south of 48 degrees N).

The absence of insolation is allowed in the classrooms of computer science, physics, chemistry, drawing and drafting, sports and fitness rooms, catering facilities, assembly hall, administrative and utility rooms.

7.2. artificial lighting

7.2.1. In all premises of a general educational institution, levels of artificial illumination are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

7.2.2. In the classrooms, the general lighting system is provided by ceiling lights. Fluorescent lighting is provided using lamps according to the color emission spectrum: white, warm white, natural white.

Luminaires used for artificial lighting of classrooms should provide a favorable distribution of brightness in the field of view, which is limited by the discomfort index (Mt). The indicator of discomfort of the lighting installation of general lighting for any workplace in the class should not exceed 40 units.

7.2.3. Do not use fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps for general lighting in the same room.

7.2.4. In classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, illumination levels must comply with the following standards: on desktops - 300 - 500 lux, in technical drawing and drawing rooms - 500 lux, in computer science classrooms on tables - 300 - 500 lux, on a blackboard - 300 - 500 lux, in assembly and sports halls (on the floor) - 200 lux, in recreations (on the floor) - 150 lux.

When using computer technology and the need to combine the perception of information from the screen and keeping records in a notebook, the illumination on the tables of students should be at least 300 lux.

7.2.5. In classrooms, a general lighting system should be used. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are located parallel to the light-bearing wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner one.

7.2.6. A blackboard that does not have its own glow is equipped with local lighting - spotlights designed to illuminate blackboards.

7.2.7. When designing an artificial lighting system for classrooms, it is necessary to provide for separate switching on of lighting lines.

7.2.8. For the rational use of artificial light and uniform illumination of classrooms, it is necessary to use finishing materials and paints that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients: for the ceiling - 0.7 - 0.9; for walls - 0.5 - 0.7; for the floor - 0.4 - 0.5; for furniture and desks - 0.45; for blackboards - 0.1 - 0.2.

It is recommended to use the following paint colors: for ceilings - white, for walls of classrooms - light colors of yellow, beige, pink, green, blue; for furniture (cabinets, desks) - the color of natural wood or light green; for chalkboards - dark green, dark brown; for doors, window frames - white.

7.2.9. It is necessary to clean the lighting fixtures of luminaires as they get dirty, but at least 2 times a year and replace burned-out lamps in a timely manner.

7.2.10. Faulty, burnt-out fluorescent lamps are collected in a container in a specially designated room and sent for recycling in accordance with applicable regulations.

VIII. Requirements for water supply and sewerage

8.1. Buildings of educational institutions must be equipped with centralized systems of domestic and drinking water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with the requirements for public buildings and structures in terms of domestic and drinking water supply and sanitation.

Cold and hot centralized water supply is provided for the premises of a general educational institution, preschool education and a boarding school at a general educational institution, including: catering facilities, a canteen, pantry, showers, washrooms, personal hygiene cabins, medical facilities, labor training workshops, home economics rooms, primary classrooms, drawing rooms, physics, chemistry and biology rooms, laboratory rooms, rooms for processing cleaning equipment and toilets in newly built and reconstructed educational institutions.

8.2. If there is no centralized water supply in the existing buildings of general educational institutions in the settlement, it is necessary to ensure uninterrupted supply of cold water to the premises of the catering unit, medical facilities, toilets, boarding school premises at the general educational institution and preschool education and the installation of water heating systems.

8.3. Educational institutions provide water that meets the hygienic requirements for the quality and safety of drinking water.

8.4. In buildings of educational institutions, the canteen sewerage system must be separate from the rest and have an independent outlet into the external sewerage system. The risers of the sewerage system from the upper floors should not pass through the production premises of the canteen.

8.5. In non-sewered rural areas, the buildings of general educational institutions are equipped with internal sewerage (such as backlash closets), subject to the installation of local treatment facilities. Outdoor toilets are allowed.

8.6. In general educational institutions, the drinking regime of students is organized in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for catering for students in general educational institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.

IX. Requirements for the premises and equipment of educational institutions located in adapted buildings

9.1. Placement of educational institutions in adapted premises is possible for the period of overhaul (reconstruction) of the existing main buildings of educational institutions.

9.2. When placing a general education institution in an adapted building, it is necessary to have a mandatory set of premises: classrooms, catering facilities, medical facilities, recreation, administrative and utility rooms, bathrooms, cloakrooms.

9.3. The areas of classrooms and classrooms are determined based on the number of students in one class in accordance with the requirements of these sanitary rules.

9.4. If it is not possible to equip your own sports hall, you should use sports facilities located near a general education institution, subject to their compliance with the requirements for the arrangement and maintenance of places for physical culture and sports.

9.5. For small-scale general educational institutions located in rural areas, in the absence of the ability to equip their own medical center, it is allowed to organize medical care at feldsher-obstetric stations and outpatient clinics.

9.6. In the absence of a wardrobe, it is allowed to equip individual lockers located in recreations, corridors.

In the article I will talk about the features of the desk, the main standards according to GOST, height from the floor, width and other parameters. I will explain what adjustable models are and which one is right to choose.

Desk Features

Desk - classic traditional furniture for the office, bedroom, living room.

Properly choosing furniture, taking into account the height of a person and his age, you can avoid health problems.

When working at a desk, the main thing is a straight back.

According to the type of purpose, the models are divided into:

1. Student.
2. Office.
3. Cabinet.

They have drawers for storing stationery, a height adjuster. With the help of a bracket in the corner, a lamp is installed for comfortable work in the evenings.

The table was and remains the most important element of furniture in the life of every person.

Pros of a standard desk:

• fits perfectly into the interior of the room;
• a huge selection of options;
• a lot of space for work, storage;
• the presence of one or more boxes, racks, shelves;
• additional compartments (not all);
• the possibility of placement in any room (bedroom, office, nursery, living room);
• different style of production, to taste, for any interior.

Advantages of wood models:

1. High strength.
2. Long service life.
3. Environmental friendliness.
4. Aesthetic appearance.

Disadvantages of a wooden model: it deteriorates from high humidity, mold may appear. High price.

Production materials: chipboard, MDF, wood (pine, spruce, cherry, walnut).

Varieties

For office/cabinet

The working option has an expensive basis. Functional. By types, angular, linear p- and l-shaped models are distinguished. The boxes are close.

Some designs have built-in floor boxes, shelves, niches, a chair

Benefits of office models:

1. Massive dimensions.
2. Convenience, comfort.
3. The boxes are next to each other. Roomy.
4. Wide seating area.
5. The length of the product is at least 2 meters.
6. Durable material.
7. Diverse design.
8. Height adjuster (not on all models).

For a student

It is imperative that the design fits the height, age of the child of the student. should be functional, especially for a first grader.

Advantages of school models:

• suitable size;
• drawers for storage of stationery;
• wide tabletop;
• adjustable height (not all models).

Basic standards

The correct position of the human body is important - a straight back, no tension, freely lying forearms. The legs are bent at an angle of 90 degrees.

The model is chosen with an adjustable height of the tabletop, more often they are made to order, for the individual height of a person.

The main thing is that while sitting at work, a person does not hunch back, his back is even. The legs did not numb, there were no painful sensations in the neck, hands, elbows.

Dimensions are selected according to height:

100-118 cm - 45 cm;
118-130 cm - 53 cm;

130-147 cm - 59 cm;
147-160 cm - 64 cm;
160-173 cm - 70 cm;
from 173 and above - not less than 75 cm.

The ideal option is a table that grows with the child (there is a built-in height adjuster).

Desk size options

If the height is incorrectly selected for the height of a person, the posture will deteriorate. Sometimes it's hard to restore it. There are health problems that cannot be eliminated.

Other Options

Properly selected parameters for the figure and height of a person will ensure comfortable work. The minimum height is 60 cm. It is better to choose a large model for convenience.

Depth - for an adult - 37-60 cm.

Legroom (length between legs or drawers) - not less than 53 cm.

There are special tables with a footrest, the height is adjustable, taking into account the height of the person.

The distance from left to right to the left edge is not less than 1 meter. Having bought a table with similar parameters, it will be comfortable to work at it, your back will not hurt.

How to choose the right

For a successful purchase, it is important to consider some factors:

1. Buy from a trusted store.
2. The age of the person who is choosing the furniture.
3. Color (based on the interior of the room and personal preferences).
4. Shape and size (creativity is more suitable for an adult than a child).
5. The optimal length is from a meter to 2 meters.
6. Height not less than 70 cm (selected individually for a person's height in order to avoid health problems in the future).
7. Strength, resistance to damage.
8. Accounting lamp mounting.
9. High quality product.
10. Inspection of the surface for scratches, defects.
11. Additionally, the stability of the furniture is checked.

The table is an integral part of the interior. Children use it for personal needs: work with homework, interests, hobbies. Adults need to work. A computer or laptop is placed on the furniture. Drawers are used to store personal belongings and stationery. Having correctly selected a table for a person’s height, it will be comfortable to work at it. There will be no health problems.

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, content and organization of the work regime in preschool organizations. The current SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13 was adopted on May 15, 2013, and entered into force on July 30, 2013, replacing the invalid SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10.
Excerpt from SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13:

6.5. In group rooms for children 1.5 years and older, tables must be selected according to the height group of children. For children of the senior and preparatory groups, it is recommended to use tables with a changing tilt of the cover up to 30 degrees.

6.6. Chairs and tables must be of the same group of furniture and marked. The selection of furniture for children is carried out taking into account the growth of children according to table 1.

Table 1. The main sizes of tables and chairs for infants and preschool children

Children height group (mm)	Furniture group	Height table (mm)	seat height chair(mm)
up to 850	00	340	180
over 850 to 1000	0	400	220
from 1000 - 1150	1	460	260
from 1150 - 1300	2	520	300
from 1300 - 1450	3	580	340
from 1450 - 1600	4	640	380

6.7. The working surfaces of the tables should have a light-colored matte finish. The materials used for lining tables and chairs must have low thermal conductivity, be resistant to moisture, detergents and disinfectants.

6.8. Chalkboards should be made of materials that adhere well to writing materials, clean well with a damp sponge, be durable, dark green or brown in color, and have an anti-reflective or matte finish.

6.9. When using a marker board, the color of the marker should be contrasting (black, red, brown, dark tones of blue and green). Educational boards that do not have their own glow should be provided with uniform artificial lighting.

6.10. Preschool educational organizations use toys that are harmless to children's health, meet sanitary and epidemiological requirements and have documents confirming safety, which can be subjected to wet processing (washing) and disinfection. Soft stuffed and latex foam brushed toys for preschool children should only be used as didactic aids.

6.11. Placement of aquariums, animals, birds in group rooms is not allowed.

6.12. In newly built preschool educational organizations, separate sleeping quarters should be provided as part of the group. Bedrooms are equipped. When designing a group room, it is allowed to provide for the presence of a sliding (transformable) partition to allocate sleeping places (bedrooms), which are equipped with folding beds with a hard bed or on transformable (pull-out, roll-out) one-three-level beds.

6.13. In existing preschool educational organizations, in the absence of bedrooms according to the project or insufficient area of ​​​​the existing sleeping quarters, it is allowed to organize daytime sleep for children of preschool groups in groups on folding beds with a hard bed or on transformable (pull-out, roll-out) one - three-level beds. When used in each group, a place should be provided for their storage, as well as for individual storage of bedding and linen. Beds must be appropriate for the height of the children. The arrangement of beds should allow free passage of children between beds, beds and external walls, beds and heaters.

We won’t talk about what kind of furniture is in the school - here you can’t influence much, but it’s quite enough to provide a comfortable place to study at home. Everything is important here, from the ratio of the height of the table and chair to the color of the furniture. Read how to choose the right furniture for your child to maintain proper posture and good eyesight.

Separate from the computer

Despite the fact that some school tasks must be completed at the computer, one computer desk is not enough for a child's homework.

Firstly, there is often not enough space on the computer desk for textbooks and notebooks, so it will be inconvenient for the child to do written homework.

Secondly, children are quickly distracted, and the included computer will become more of a hindrance to learning than a help.

This means that for writing, reading and drawing, the child needs a separate table, which is best placed in the brightest place in the room where the child can work in natural light.

Correct Height Ratio

The correct height of the table and chair depends on the age and height of the child. For a first grader (6–7 years old) with a height of about 110–120 cm, it is better to buy a table 52 cm high and a chair 32 cm.

If the height of the child is 121-130 cm, the height of the table should be 57 cm, and the chair should be 35 cm. By analogy, you can calculate the height of the table and chair for taller children.

If the child is 10 cm taller, add 5 cm to the height of the table, and 3 cm to the height of the chair. That is, if the height is 140 cm, the height of the table should be 57 + 5 = 62 cm, and the chair - 35 + 3 = 38 cm .

Despite these figures, it is still better to go for furniture with your child. Having picked up a table and a chair in height, seat the child and check whether he will really be comfortable.

Here are some indicators of comfortable furniture:

• if the legs are bent at a right angle, the feet should be completely on the floor;
• between the knees and the tabletop there should be a distance of about 10–15 cm;
• the tabletop should be at the level of the solar plexus of the child;
• if the child puts his elbow on the tabletop, the tip of the middle finger should reach the outer corner of the eye;
• when the child is standing near the table, his elbow should be 2-5 cm below the tabletop.

It is clear that children grow up quickly and it is not always possible to buy new furniture. In this case, it is better to immediately buy a table and chair with adjustable height. So as you grow older, you can provide the child with a comfortable position at the table, simply twisting the legs.

Choose a table by width and color

Most often, tables with a straight top are sold, but if you find a table with a slightly sloped top, it is better to buy it. The sloping table top, like those of old school desks, makes it easier for the eyes to work.

However, the sloping tabletop is perfectly replaced by a stand for open textbooks. While reading, the textbook should be at an angle of 30–40 °.

Sufficient table width - 1 m or more, depth - 60 cm. You can buy a table with drawers under the tabletop, since it will be convenient to store textbooks, notebooks and writing materials in them, however, there should be at least 50 × 50 cm space under the table to make it convenient was to put your feet up.

As for the color, it is better to choose light green tones, as well as peach, beige, cream and natural wood. In any case, you should not take too bright furniture - it has a bad effect on the ability to concentrate.

So, you picked up the table, it's time to move on to choosing a chair.

Depth and back of chair

Above, I already wrote about the ideal ratio of the height of the furniture, so that you can choose a comfortable chair for height. However, height is not the only thing to consider when buying it.

The depth of the chair should be such that the child's back touches the back of the chair, but at the same time his kneecaps do not touch the edge of the seat. It is best to take a chair with a depth of 2/3 of the length of the thigh.

The backrest should be high enough and fixed at a right angle so that the child can freely lean on it without leaning back too much.

The chair shouldn't sway, so it's best not to buy your child swivel office chairs; Take a chair with four legs that is firmly on the floor. In addition, the seat should not be too soft so that the child does not fall through.

If you couldn’t find a chair with which the child’s feet will be completely on the floor, make a special stand under the table so that the legs, bent at a right or obtuse angle, do not hang or stand on their toes. The width of the footrest should not be less than the length of the foot.

Correct posture

Even if you bought the most comfortable furniture for your child, he can still sit incorrectly, spoiling his posture. Therefore, it is important to accustom him to the correct position from the very beginning.

To reduce muscle tension during exercise, you can slightly tilt the body and head forward, but you can’t lean on the tabletop with your chest - there should be a distance of 5 cm between the table and the chest (the palm passes freely).

Shoulders should be relaxed and at the same level. The position of the back is straight. Make sure that the child does not bend over the table top: from the eyes to the table, you need to keep a distance of at least 30 cm.

As for the position of the legs, they should not go under the chair or hang in the air. The knees should be bent at a right or obtuse angle, and the feet should be completely on the floor.

If you teach your child to sit correctly, even uncomfortable furniture that he can get at school will not have such a strong effect on posture, and therefore on the functioning of internal organs and visual acuity.

And finally: no matter how comfortable the furniture is, you can’t maintain a static position for a long time. Make sure that every 30-40 minutes the child takes breaks. 10-15 minutes of simple gymnastics or outdoor games is enough for a warm-up, and the habit of getting up and warming up periodically will be useful to him in the future.

The main thing is to remember that the health of the child really depends on the right furniture and the right posture. So it's better to take care of it right away than to treat the curvature of the spine and buy glasses or contact lenses later.

The state has developed rules and regulations for kindergartens and schools, which are recorded in the document: “Requirements for the conditions and organization of education in general educational institutions” (SanPin 2.4.2.2821-10).

Clause 5 says the following:

Student furniture should be made of materials that are harmless to children's health, and meet the growth and age characteristics of children and ergonomic requirements.

and here is the table:

Desk and chair height according to GOST 11015-93 and 11016-93

Smart solution: height-adjustable desk

Children grow up too fast. And so that parents do not have to change furniture every year, manufacturers produce so-called “growing desks” with height adjustment. This is very convenient and allows parents to save money. As the child grows, the tabletop simply rises to the desired level with special mechanisms, which allows the product to be used throughout the entire period of study: from the first grade to graduation.

In our assortment there are transforming desks with various mechanisms for lifting the tabletop: from simple to super-reliable German gas lifts. Detailed information for each item is available in the product description. Some models have an overview video where you can see the use in action and choose the best option for your child.