To bird class belongs to more than 8600 species of animals adapted for flight. More than 400 species of these animals are known in Ukraine. All species of birds have a short, streamlined body covered with feathers. Their forelimbs have evolved into wings, while their hind limbs are used to move on the ground, plant branches, or swim in water. Homoiothermen, the ability to fly and enough high level development nervous system determined the originality of this group of vertebrates.
The external structure of birds
The body of birds is divided into the same sections as in reptiles, but the tail section is shortened. Birds have a more or less elongated flexible neck. Thanks to this, they can turn their heads 180 ° or more (for example, owls - 270 °). On the head are eyes protected by three eyelids (upper, lower and ciliated membrane), nostrils and auditory openings. The beak consists of the upper part - the upper beak and the lower part - we peck. At the base of the beak of bird species (for example, pigeons) is a soft skin bundle - wax.
The forelimbs are wings adapted for flight. Only three fingers covered with skin remained on them. Birds are bipedal animals. The feet basically have four toes. Three of them are directed forward, and one is backward. This allows the birds to embrace the branches and provides support while moving on the ground. But in birds capable of fast running (for example, ostriches), the number of toes on their feet can be reduced to three or even two (for example, in an African ostrich).
Integuments of the body of a bird
Birds, like reptiles, have dry skin, almost devoid of glands. Only above the base of the tail in many species do the ducts of the coccygeal gland open. With the secret of this gland (fat-like substances), birds lubricate the feather cover with the help of their beak, which makes it elastic and waterproof. The skin of birds forms various horny derivatives: these are the beaks and mandibles already known to you, as well as the claws on the tips of the fingers and horny scales covering the lower part of the legs. A variety of feathers is also a derivative of the skin of birds. Feathers, like the scales on the legs, are composed of a horn-like substance. Individual feathers consist of a rod, from which numerous thin outgrowths - beards - extend in both directions. The collection of beards is called a fan. The empty part of the rod, aimed at the skin, not the beard. Allocate contour and down feathers.
Contour feathers cover the bird's body from the outside. Their fan is formed by barbs of the 1st and 2nd orders. Barbs of the 1st order depart directly from the rod, and already from them - barbs of the 2nd order. Beards of the 2nd order have small hooks that link them together. Thanks to this, the webs of contour feathers are flexible, resilient, light and almost impermeable to air. Depending on the functions and location of the contour feathers, they are divided into integumentary, fly and tail feathers. Integumentary feathers protect the body from mechanical damage. Flywheels - large and elastic increase the surface of the wing. Birds have large tail feathers on their tails. The contour feathers have down feathers and down. These are feathers with a thin shaft, from which only the beards of the first order extend. Since these beards are not interlocked, down feathers do not have a dense web. They form a continuous cover. Between him and the body of the bird contains a layer of air, which retains heat well. The presence of feathers is one of the necessary conditions flight in birds.
This cover makes the body of birds streamlined. The flight feathers increase the wing area, create thrust and lift, and the tail feathers provide regulation of the flight direction. The bird also uses tail feathers for braking when landing. Once or twice a year, the feather coat of birds partially or completely changes, the process of molting occurs. In place of old worn out feathers, new ones grow out.
bird skeleton
The skeleton of birds is characterized by lightness, since part of the bones has a cavity filled with air. It is divided into the skeleton of the head (skull), torso (spine and chest), limbs and their belts.
characteristic feature The skull of a bird is that most of its bones are fused together. A large volume of the brain box is associated with the development of the brain. Large eye sockets are also noteworthy.
The jaws of birds are elongated and, as you already know, covered with horny sheaths. Thanks to this, a perfect apparatus for capturing food is created, because birds do not have teeth.
The ridge of birds has features associated with flight. So, the cervical region consists of a large number vertebrae (from 11 to 25). This gives considerable mobility to the head. The thoracic vertebrae are fused together with a complex sacrum. The complex sacrum is formed by fused lumbar sacral vertebrae and part of the tail. This creates resistance in the body. The last tail vertebrae fuse together to form the coccygeal bone.
Attached to the thoracic vertebrae are the ribs, which together with the sternum form the chest. In most species of birds, the sternum has a flat outgrowth, protrudes forward - the keel. Muscles are attached to it, which ensure the movement of the wings during flight. The girdle of the forelimbs (wings) of birds consists of the same bones as in reptiles. But pay attention to the fact that the clavicles are fused together, forming the so-called fork. It gives elasticity to the belt of the forelimbs.
The wing skeleton has three sections: shoulder, forearm and hand. The belt of the hind limbs (legs) of birds is characterized by strength. The hind limbs are divided into thigh, lower leg and foot.
Most of the bones of the foot grow together and form a long bone - the forearm, which, together with the fingers, is covered with horny scales. The forearm provides the foot with strength and stability.
Musculature of birds
In birds, large pectoral muscles, lower the wing. Their movements create lift. Small pectoral muscles raise the wing. Hypodermic muscles move individual feathers. If the air temperature drops, they shrink and the bird's feathers bristle. At the same time, the layer of air between the feathers and the skin increases, which ensures the preservation of body heat.
flight of birds
It is thanks to the movements of the wings that birds rise into the air. The sickle wings are capable of developing the highest speed in horizontal flight - up to 160 km per hour. In many species (rooks, common cranes, herring gulls, wild geese etc.) the flight speed during migrations reaches from 50 to 90 km per hour. Although the flight of most bird species during migration occurs at low altitudes (from a few tens of meters to 1 km), cases of geese flying at altitudes up to 10 km, and vultures - up to 11 km, have been recorded. The eagle, vulture and other representatives of the Falcon-shaped series have wide wings. Using ascending and descending air currents, they are able to soar in it for a long time.
And what can we say about birds that destroy an incredible number of insects and rodents - pests of agriculture and forestry. A tit eats as many insects per day as it weighs itself.
If it were possible to put together in one line of insects that the swift consumes over the summer, then it would stretch for a kilometer. Especially a lot harmful insects killed by birds during the nesting season. So, a pair of pink starlings feeds 350 g of locusts to chicks per day, and 10.8 kg per month. For a month, thousands of starlings living in the colony, together with their chicks, destroyed 22 tons of locusts. One owl eats up to 1000 gray voles and mice during the summer, which means it saves 1 ton of bread.
If, at the same time, we recall the role of orderly birds that destroy many flies and other carriers of dangerous diseases and cleanse the earth of carrion and various garbage, birds that destroy weed seeds, birds that carry seeds valuable trees and shrubs, it is not difficult to understand which faithful and disinterested feathered friends a person has.
We should not forget about the aesthetic pleasure that birds give us. Our forests and parks, gardens and fields would lose much of their beauty if the birds did not enliven them with their fuss, melodious chirping and singing.
Looking at the birds, it is impossible to keep the emotions of happiness. After all, probably, every person would like to fly like a bird!!
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bird species
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| bearded man |
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| petrel |
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| red whistling duck |
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| partridge |
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| bird of paradise |
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| long-eared owl |
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| blackbirds |
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| toucan |
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Our planet is inhabited by so many birds, the name of which sometimes we have not even heard. They are found everywhere: in forests, mountains, steppes, on the coasts of the seas and even in the cold tundra. The diversity of this group of the animal world is so great that, for example, only in the territory Russian Federation you can meet representatives of more than 400 varieties, among which are not only sedentary, but also migratory birds, photos with names of which are easy to find in atlases.
Order of passeriformes
Interestingly, more than 50% of all bird species belong to the order of passeriformes, with the smallest being the kinglet (6 g), and the largest being the raven (1.5 kg). In total, there are four subspecies of these birds: songbirds, half-singers, screaming (tyrants) and broad-billed (horn-billed). The habits and coloration of birds, including forest birds, are very diverse, and males sing and look most impressive. They are the first to arrive at the place chosen for nesting, and with their singing they mark the territory and attract females. Some species, such as starlings and jays, are able to copy the voices of different birds and some words of our speech. Distributed everywhere.
Some passerines live in whole flocks during the nesting period, but most form pairs. The place is chosen by the male, and different subspecies prefer for this hollow, tree branches, stones, holes in the ground, rocks, etc. Reproduction occurs in spring or summer, although, for example, the crossbill is not afraid of the cold, and if there is enough food (spruce and pine cones), it nests even in January.
All passeriformes breed chicks that are born barely covered with light fluff, deaf and blind, but grow very quickly. Both the female and the male feed the young. On the 10-15th day, accompanied by their parents, the babies fly out of the nest; in species nesting in hollows, this happens a little later - on the 20-25th day.
The names of birds that belong to passerines are always well known: sparrow, titmouse, oriole, swallow, starling, wagtail, oatmeal, etc. Of the larger ones, one can distinguish a crow, jay, cardinal,
gardens, meadows and fields
All birds of open spaces are adapted to their habitat in their own way. Some of them move perfectly on the ground, not only in search of food, but also escaping from enemies, practically without using their wings. They have lost the ability to fly, but they have strong legs with short toes, which contribute to fast running and digging. This group of birds includes galliformes (grouse, pheasant, partridge, guinea fowl, crax), ostriches, etc.
Diurnal and nocturnal "flying" predators are characterized by powerful wings and sharp claws, which helps them to hunt well. This group includes falcons, black kites, hawks, owls, meadow and field harriers, etc.
steppe birds
The Russian steppes stretch all the way from the shores of the Azov and Black Seas to the Urals, and it is quite natural that a great many birds live in such open spaces. Steppe and desert birds, the species and names of which we will give below, are forced to be careful. Open space is not too rich in shelters, so sometimes only fast reaction and flight can save the bird from the enemy.
Since the steppe and desert species move a lot among the grass in search of food, their legs are sufficiently developed for this. In addition to partridges, steppe birds include: demoiselle crane, crowberry, little bustard, gyrfalcon, bustard, etc. They skillfully hide in the grass due to the “camouflage” color of feathers and easily find food on fertile steppe soils. Plants and insects are the main food, but birds of prey, photos with names of which can be found in any manual, hunt snakes, frogs and rodents, of which there are a great many, and also do not neglect carrion. Some species of birds arrange their nests right in the ground, and large predators - on rare trees in these places.
desert birds
There are few birds in the desert because they cannot stand thirst. In Russia, the south of the Astrakhan region and the east of Kalmykia belong to the desert zones, which abound in vegetation and moisture only in the spring. Feel comfortable enough difficult conditions birds such as desert chickens, bustards, warblers, steppe eagles. Pelicans, mute swans, ducks, white herons can nest in the border zones near water bodies.
It is impossible not to mention the largest in the world flightless bird- African ostrich, whose weight can reach more than 150 kg. Evolution took care of him, giving him a long neck for good review terrain and powerful legs for fast running and hitting the enemy during the fight. Ostriches live in numerous families; they feed on vegetation, insects, lizards, rodents, but they can pick up the remains of a meal of predators. The funny story that ostriches hide their heads in the sand is just a joke, but the females hatching their chicks, at the sight of danger, literally flatten themselves on the ground, trying to become invisible. Due to the heat in summer, desert birds are active at night, and in winter - during the day, when it is warm.
forest birds
Forest birds arrange nests in trees and shrubs, as well as in hollows. Woody vegetation serves for them not only as a refuge, but as a place for obtaining food. Therefore, the paws in most species are designed so that they easily wrap around branches. common features are long tails and wide shortened wings, allowing you to quickly take off, slow down and make tricky maneuvers between dense branches. The forest birds include most passerines, woodpeckers, owls, and galliformes.
In birds that climb vertically along the trunks, the claws are bent and sharp. Some names of forest birds of this group characterize this mode of movement (nuthatch). For support and balance, pikas and woodpeckers use their tails, while tits, finches and some other pichuga, when getting food, are able to hang from below the branches. Forest predators hunt in flight, or rapidly falling down on prey.
birds of prey in the forest
Characteristic features of the day and night predators of the forest are a sharp hooked beak and long claws on strong legs. In addition, they have excellent vision and hearing.
Some names of Russian birds related to forest predators: eagle owl, snowy owl, owl, honey buzzard, buzzard, goshawk, etc.
Origin of bird names
The names of the birds are not chosen randomly: almost all of them suggest the presence of some features noticed by people. For example, for the voice and manner of singing, names are given to the cuckoo (ku-ku), chizhu (chi-chi), titmouse (blue-blue), rook (gra-gra), as well as hoopoe, seagull, lapwing and many other birds.
For their characteristic plumage, the birds of the Urals also received names: greenfinch, hazel grouse, redstart (jay), and such birds as flycatcher, honey buzzard and nutcracker suggest their food preferences. The wagtail and the wagtail are easy to distinguish by their behavior, but the nesting location of some birds is literally embedded in their name: the shore swallow digs holes on high banks, and the warbler hides in dense lake vegetation.
The names of birds for children are easy to remember if they resemble the sounds they make, for example, when walking, like a heron. She slowly walks through the swamp mud, as if “sipping”, raising her long legs high, and the village dialect has changed the name of the bird from “chapel” to heron. Or if they are associated, for example, with snow, where did the origin of the name of the bullfinch bird come from.
But the hunters know why the capercaillie got its name: when it flows, it is so carried away that it literally stalls and does not hear the dangerous noise at all. But when it stops, everything turns into attention.
According to the time of residence, the names were given to such birds as the chaffinch and the robin. Little finches fly in and out during the most chilly, cold months, which is why they are called so, although they themselves are quite frost-resistant. And the robin, which often settles in gardens closer to people, greets the morning and evening dawn with sonorous singing.
Bullfinch
The Russian origin of the name of the bullfinch bird is also peculiar, because it flies to our region for the winter, along with snow, and with the onset of spring it flies into the dark coniferous forests. The bullfinch is always associated with the new year, so the image of the red-bellied small is decorated with household items, New Year's cards and souvenirs.
Birds are part of the finches family and live in flocks, constantly calling to each other with a whistle. In winter, it is even found in city parks. Breeds with the onset of heat in the alpine and taiga forests of Eurasia, in the Caucasus, in the Carpathians. Feeds on berries, seeds, tree buds.
waterfowl
Waterfowl, photos and names of which are given below, are those birds that are able to stay on the water. They do not include species that only find food in water bodies. Due to their special way of life, they are characterized by common features: webbing between the fingers, dense plumage and a secretory oil gland that lubricates feathers.
The name of waterfowl, or rather orders, is a derivative of the brightest representative: anseriformes, pelicans, divers, gulls, penguins, etc. Food is fish, mollusks, frogs, algae, which they get by diving into the water, like cormorants and dives, or lowering only the head, like swans and ducks. Seagulls can catch fish right on the fly, plunging only their beak into the water.
Waterfowl of Russia
Waterfowl are widespread throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, the photos and names of most of which are familiar to everyone. Although the majority are migratory: ducks, geese, swans, etc. At the end of summer, active migration of waterfowl to wintering places begins. By the way, some representatives of this group spend most of the year far at sea, returning to the shore only for nesting and hatching (some ducks). Sakhalin, the Kuriles, Kamchatka, Crimea and other places with an abundance of water bodies can rightly be considered a habitat.
Russian waterfowl, whose names are duck and eider, live in Yakutia and on the shores of Lake Chukotka. Along the Volga nest: moorhen, red-nosed pochard, great grebe, gray goose, mute swan, coot.
red birds
In all the variety of birds, red birds stand out, the name of which is very exotic, as well as bright plumage. If our lentils, crossbills and bullfinches are partially painted in this color, then flamingos, tanager, virginian cardinal, fiery velvet weaver, ibis are almost entirely red. Most of these birds live in tropical forests, in the south of America, in Hawaii and other islands, in Australia and Africa. They belong to passerines, weavers, flamingos, storks and other species.
Different types of birds, first of all, differ in body size, beak shape, plumage color and habitat. It is difficult to describe all the features briefly, so we will only touch on a few. Interestingly, the beak of each bird is designed in such a way that it can easily get its own food. As a result of morphological adaptation, there was a division of birds into 14 groups according to the shape of the beak, including: omnivores, fishers, insectivores, water cutters, mowers that feed on coniferous seeds, nectar or fruits, scavengers, predators and others.
As a result of observations, it was noticed that some species of birds have remarkable intelligence and ingenuity. So, gulls and crows, having found a mollusk or a nut, lift it into the air, and then throw it on the ground to break it, repeating this manipulation several times. And green herons, to attract fish, throw bait in the form of a twig or leaf into the water. Parrots, jays and rooks are amenable to learning human speech, and the woodpecker uses a thin stick to open a crack in the bark of a tree and extract insects from there.
The role of birds in nature and for humans
The importance of birds in nature cannot be underestimated: interacting with each other and animals, they build complex relationships that contribute to natural selection. Birds help seed dispersal, and some species cross-pollinate flowering plants.
Birds of prey keep the balance of growth of rodents. And thanks to insectivorous pichugs that eat caterpillars and larvae, many crops are preserved, including agricultural ones, which is very useful for humans. That is why every effort is being made to preserve various kinds birds, and nature reserves are being created.
What to feed wild and domestic ducks in winter, and what do they eat in summer? How to feed the found ducklings. proper feeding of wild ducks at home. What food to give for rapid weight gain. ...
What kind of bird is this jackdaw? Description appearance and lifestyle. How does the jackdaw eat and where does it live. Features jackdaw behavior. How do these birds reproduce? They are migratory or lead a sedentary lifestyle. ...
A rare species of hawk - steppe. Its appearance, food options. How a hawk breeds. Habitat and nesting areas. The main differences between the hawk and the kite. Who poses a danger to the steppe hawk. ...
What kind of bird is a black grouse? Where does she live, what does she eat, what kind of life does she lead. Is it a migratory bird or is it sedentary? How do they reproduce and how long do they live. What species are most common. ...
Partridges belong to the pigeon family. There are several species of them, the most famous among them: white, stone, gray, tundra and bearded. Where do they live, settled or migratory. ...
What birds live in the Tver region? Are there endemics? Brief list of species. ...
Most important facts whistling about life. What do these birds look like? What do they eat, how do they reproduce. Who are the enemies, what sounds they make. About nesting and breeding chicks. Habitats. ...
"ZACHOTS". That is, birds, but hunting for which is permissible from the point of view of the accepted etiquette of crowhunting and its usefulness for wildlife, including for other birds. Some of them are also edible trophies.
CROW GRAY. The main and everyone's favorite zachOt.
CROW BLACK.
Looks like a crow! So let's be careful and careful.
She is all black with a metallic blue and purple sheen.
The black crow differs from the rook in its BLACK beak and its greater massiveness; from a raven - in size: they are similar to the size of a gray crow, as well as a silhouette in flight - the raven's wings are straighter.
ROOK.
Note: the rook's oddity, so to speak, is "floating". He is not as smart as crows, and not as harmful. However, this is where. Rooks, for example, greatly harm trees, breaking off their branches during the construction of nests, and it is almost impossible to survive them from their usual habitat. In Germany, rooks are eaten.
MAGPIE. The bird is considered zachotom - it is quite smart and careful. In addition, a pest, a predator, destroys nests. But there are nuances - according to observations, abandoned magpie nests are often occupied by other birds.
Blue Dove. We can say - "city pigeon". On the picture - typical representative by coloration.
DAW. The bird is much smaller than a crow - about the size of a young dove. Its charm is very relative: it does not represent much value for a crowhunter, since it is not very careful and is quite harmless.
Common in rooks, magpies, jackdaws and crows.
(I will add a clarification: under the picture there is an inscription - "A crow steals an egg from a song thrush", but the figure, apparently erroneously, depicts a fieldfare thrush).
OTHER "WANTS" and "WANTS" ARE RELATIVE.
Thrush fieldfare (grey thrush, mistletoe).
This bird breeds large quantities, encircles gardens and vegetable gardens, devouring cherries, irga, mountain ash like locusts, chokeberry, even raspberries and currants, strawberries and strawberries. In addition, the blackbird is not just edible, but very tasty. According to the classic hunter S. T. Aksakov, this is one of the few birds that, along with the snipe, has the honor of cooking ungutted.
BLACK THRUSH is another type of thrush.
Note. Formally, this is also a "zachot" - since the diet and culinary advantages of the blackbird are similar to the 1st species. But this is a songbird and, for example, in the Moscow region is very small.
JAY.
In some regions there are no less than gray crows. The gardens are surrounded - the harm and the diet in this sense are purely blackbirds. But besides that, jays, for example, often carry chickens. At the same time, these birds are fearless to the point of stupidity, they are almost not afraid of the hunter. Positive factors - the jay promotes the reproduction of trees, arranging pantries of acorns and nuts. Edible, the meat is harsh, inferior in culinary qualities to blackbird, but you can find competent cooking recipes on the Web.
STARLING.
This is a songbird. However, the harm from it to a person is often no less than from a thrush: according to many, it surrounds gardens. Apparently, with the starling you need to act "according to the circumstances."
Young starling.
OAKONOS.
Carries the gardens. In the sense of hunting for him - apparently, it is permissible, if this is a serious concern ...
ATTENTION! "LOW"!!!
CROW.
Hellish LOW. This bird is listed in the Red Book. Therefore, we will be especially careful with her. Do not confuse a crow with a sulfur crow (see above). General - only, so to speak, a silhouette. The raven is much larger than both her and the BLACK crow (see photo above) and is all black, up to the beak: this also differs from the ROOK (see). Also, the raven has a characteristic voice, not like the sharp and hoarse croak of crows: it is quieter, the intonation is much softer, reminiscent of the sounds "Krrru, krrru" or "Krro, krrro".
WHITE STORK.
White bird with black wingtips, long neck, long thin red beak and long reddish legs. When the wings of a stork are folded, it seems that the whole rear end the body of the stork is black. In color, females are indistinguishable from males, but somewhat smaller. The height of the white stork is 100-125 cm, the wingspan is 155-200 cm. The mass of an adult bird reaches 4 kg. The average lifespan of a white stork is 20 years.
The usefulness of the bird is expressed in the fact that its diet includes such pests as: locusts, bears, cockchafers, some small vertebrates (including mice and rats).
CRANE.
Attention: the bird is listed in the Red Book!
These are large, long-legged and long-necked birds, their height is 90-155 cm, the wingspan is 150-240 cm, and their weight is 2-11 kg.
Unlike herons similar to them, they stretch their legs and neck in flight. This makes them look like storks, but unlike them, cranes never perch on trees. The head is small, with a sharp straight beak. The tertiary flight feathers of the wings are slightly elongated, so that the tail appears long and bushy when the bird is on the ground. The plumage is usually gray or white.
Cranes live long enough. Observations show that in wild nature cranes live for at least 20 years, and in captivity their age reaches up to 80 years.
HERON
They live in shallow water, on swampy or slowly flowing reservoirs. Large birds 90-100 cm long, with a wingspan of 175-195 cm, adults weighing up to 2 kg. As a rule, they are long-legged, with a long and narrow, laterally flattened beak. They stand motionless in the water and peer into the water, looking for prey. A close relative of the heron is the stork.
Woodpeckers. All - NIZACHOTY: useful birds, healers of the forest. Many in the RED BOOK!
Large spotted woodpecker.
Small spotted woodpecker.
The woodpecker is average.
The woodpecker is grey.
Woodpecker black (or yellow).
The woodpecker is green.
Nightjar big.
Nightjar small.
Owl nightjar.
HOOPOE. Terry bottom.
GOLDFINCH.
SWALLOWS AND SWIFTS.
L A S T O C H K I.
S T R I G I
"The swift is a sickle reaping the harvest on the blue field of the sky. The sickle-shaped form is given to it by long sharp wings, which, when folded, protrude far beyond the relatively short tail with a fork-shaped neckline. With this shape and dense physique, the swift easily differs from the swallow, with which it is usually confused In fact, swifts and swallows are similar not because they are close relatives, but because, due to a similar lifestyle, independently of each other, they acquired a similar external structure. ((C), E.J. Shukurov)
Swift small.
Swift is white-belted (or white-lumped).
Martlet.
Swift is needle-tailed.
GENERAL: swallows and swifts.
CUCKOO. It is not so easy with her in the sense of "lowness". S. T. Aksakov, for example, mentions that the cuckoo is edible and thus represents a trophy, although not very desirable. But... Do we need it?
SMALL LITTLE.
WARNING: these are the same birds that the average crawler, according to him, protects from garbage predators like gray crows.
NIGHTINGALE.
LARK.
SVIRISTEL.
ZARYANKA
ORIOLE.
BULLFINCH.
The tit is big.
Grenadier.
Blue tit.
Moscow.
Gaitka brown-headed (or powdery).
Grey-headed chickadee.
Black-capped chickadee.
FIELD SPARROW (aka red-headed or rustic).
It differs from the house sparrow in its brown crown, black spots on its white cheeks, and two light stripes on the wing. "Catches a lot of harmful insects, but in the fall, flocks of sparrows can cause quite significant damage to orchards and vineyards." (C)
HOUSE SPARROW.
Male.
WAGTAIL. There are a lot of these birds, like sparrows. But to shoot - bullets are a pity and karma ... They are completely harmless. In addition, according to statistics for season 1, the wagtail family destroys several kg. harmful caterpillars and beetles. Perhaps, in this regard, it can be attributed to the "nizachota".
CHAMPION.
HUNTING GAME.
Hunting for it is allowed and permissible - but with the help of permitted methods of extraction and in a certain season of the year.
Waterfowl.
FOREST, SWAMP, MEADOW, FIELD GAME.
LANDRAIL.
ROOTHER.
(LIST OF COURSE WILL BE REPLENISHED)
VYAKHIR (or VITYUTIN) - wood pigeon. We compare with the usual city "rull" (photo above).
The dove is ringed.
The dove is large.
The dove is small.
PARTRIDGE.
GROUSE.
WOODSCHOCK (FOOD PICKER).
GARSHNEP.
DUPELSHNEP
(It’s completely bad in search engines with pictures ... Looks like they knocked everyone out)
CURLEW
lapwing (THIS IS NOT A KULIK ALREADY)
BIRDS
Fun class hour
Leading.Today we play games and hold contests related to the names of birds.
Competition “Alphabet on the Board”
Leading.Write the names of the birds in turn: the 1st team chooses one letter, the 2nd another. Whoever fails to continue has lost.
a - stork,
b - golden eagle,
c - crow, sparrow,
g - dove, goose, jackdaw,
d - woodpecker, thrush,
g - crane, lark,
h - finch,
and - oriole,
k - chicken, hummingbird, cuckoo, kite, sandpiper,
l - swan. martin,
m - robin,
n - dive,
o the eagle
p - peacock, pelican, rooster, penguin, parrot,
r - hazel grouse.
c - starling, nightingale, owl, bullfinch, swift, magpie, tit, jay, ostrich,
t - black grouse,
y - hoopoe,
f - owl, flamingo, pheasant,
h - lapwing, seagull,
c - heron,
i am a hawk.
If it is not possible to write, you can play this game in the circle of participants. One participant throws the ball, naming the bird on “a”, the next one, who got the ball, calls on the letter “b”. So you can check the knowledge of the alphabet among the guys.
warm-up questions
1. What birds are considered the best predictors of rain? (swallows and swifts).
2. The name of which bird warns of the approach of bad weather (petrel).
3. The heroine of the children's TV program constantly appearing on the screen in the evening (Karkusha).
4. The heroine of the 4th TV channel of the Yekaterinburg cable TV channel, performing every morning (Kapa).
Competition "Guess the riddle"
Children guess riddles on the theme "Birds"
Competition "Proverbs and sayings in which
bird names are found
For example:
Skinny chickens make skinny eggs.
Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.
Born to crawl, cannot fly.
Staged. theater competition
funny geese
Lived with grandma - two funny goose:
One gray, the other white - two merry geese.
They stretched their necks. Who's longer?
One is grey, the other is white. Who's longer?
Washed gusi l apki in a puddle near the groove.
One is grey, the other is white. They hid in a ditch.
Here the grandmother screams: Oh, the geese are gone!
One is grey, the other is white My geese, geese
went out geese, grandmothers bowed
One gray, the other white - they bowed to a woman
Geese and wolf
Geese, geese - Ha, ha, ha,
Do you want to eat - Yes, yes, yes.
So fly home
We can't fly home
Greywolf under the mountain
sharpens teeth,wants to eat us.
So fly away!
Games
The birds are flying.
The host lists: “The pigeons are flying, the magpies are flying ...” All players, with the correct definition, raise their hands. Then the host says: “Cats are flying” or “Dogs are flying”. Anyone who raises their hands is out of the game.
peacock tail
Children become in a circle, the game begins with a counting rhyme:
1,2,3,4,5!
If you want to play-
Come out to the middle
Step on the peacock's tail!
The one on whom the counting rhyme ended, and will have to step on the "peacock's tail", and the "tail" is a chain of players that has already stretched out behind the one who spoke the counting rhyme. Each of them put his hands on the shoulders of the neighbor standing in front and does not allow to step on his foot, going to the side, bouncing at the same time, of course, the whole tail is moving. If someone stepped on the same foot, he drops out of the tail. You can play until the "peacock" has no tail left.
counting
Whatthis is?
This bird is a nightingale
This bird is a sparrow
This bird is an owl
Sleepy head.
This p ti chka - waxwing,
This bird - corncrake,
This bird is a bird
Gray feather.
This is a finch
This is a swift
This is a cheerful siskin,
Well, this one is an evil eagle
Birds, birds - by home...
Poetry ( V. Zhukovsky)
On thesun dark beam glowed
In the valley of steam it turns white nky
I psang an early song
In azure the lark is sonorous.
Tit
The rain hangs like smoky strands
The bird's house is empty on a pole
A titmouse in a festive outfit
Shows off right in the rain.
Drops humiliated branch,
And on a branch of a fidget bird
Black tie, yellow jacket
immediately catches the eye,
This is not a stupid freak for you,
There is a lot of wisdom here.
Here the bushes examined quietly
She found the pest.
Here on a thin raspberry twig,
Fidget sang so funny
What from the top of the giant oak
The acorn rolled like a tear.
L. Tatyanicheva
Bullfinches
Shrubs blushed
Not from the morning dawn -
These are red lanterns.
The snowmen lit up.
They clean crimson feathers,
They drink water from springs,
Bell overflows
I can hear from afar.
Leading.Augurgia is bird divination. All of us have ever asked the cuckoo a question: “Cuckoo, cuckoo, how many years do I still have to live?” Everything is clear here, how long it cuckoos, you will live for so long. Or here is the direction of flight of birds. A bird flies from left to right - this is a success, a find, goodness. If from right to left - bad sign, punishment awaits you, a cold dinner, a nuisance.
In Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece, and then in Russia, fortune telling was based on bird breeds. An owl screams, interrupts someone's speech - a bad omen. A hawk flies overhead - victory awaits you in something. The dove flew by - wait for the meeting. Sparrow - to a quarrel.
Game with the word "lark"
|
thief crow heat early jock knife rock bark |
erysipelas leather crown Nora cake zhor funnel |
crown leg mink tap shelter cow moat |
Birds are weather forecasters
Sparrows fly in flocks from place to place - before a strong wind.
sparrows bathe in the dust - to the rain.
sparrows sitting puffed up - before the rain.
If sparrows chirp in a prolonged bad weather, then we can expect the onset of clear weather.
The pigeons cooed - a bucket will be installed.
Larks walk around the field - to good weather, and sit pouting - to a thunderstorm.
Swallows dispersed below - before the rain.
Swallows fly up and down before the storm.
Birds sing cheerfully - for good weather.
The owl screams - in the cold.
The nightingale sings incessantly all night - before a fine day.
The crow cries in the summer - to the rain, in the winter - to the blizzard.
Ravens "play" on the fly - to the bucket.
Crows croak - to bad weather.
In the evening, jackdaws gather in a crowd and scream - for clear weather.
rhyme games
I've been catching bugs all day
I eat worms.
AT warm edge I don't fly away
Here, I live under the roof.
Chick-chirp! Don't be shy!
I'm seasoned... (sparrow).
Coloration - greyish,
Habit - thieving,
hoarse screamer -
Famous person. It... (crow).
The black bird is circling
Not afraid - sits down to us
Peck my food:
Not Enough Pasta
On the voracious... (crow).
Blacker than all migratory birds,
Cleans the arable land from worms,
Jump across the arable land all day,
And the bird is called ... ( rook).
An important one walks a little waddling,
Although he is not wild, he is domestic,
Better me beware:
Pinched my sister... ( goose).
In the forest to twitter and whistle
The forest telegrapher knocks:
“Hey, thrush buddy! ~
And signs: ... ( woodpecker).
Even though she's creepy
migratory bird,
But in the spring I always
I love singing... ( thrush).
Here he flies in the open,
Leaving the sea behind
Rivers, groves and fields
Under the wing of ... ( crane).
In April, in April
Chilly in the wind.
Sing, sing
... (finches) in the forest.
"Y" - on the tails of birds and animals,
Here is the ermine, and here ... (sparrow).
How to lay an egg
Loudly sings throughout the yard,
For the street to know
Working here... (chicken).
Flying over the field
Over the free expanse,
Gets up early
Spring bird... (oatmeal).
He builds a house on the rock.
Isn't it scary to live in it,
Is there beauty all around?
No, the owner is not afraid
Roll down a steep cliff -
Two mighty wings
The owner has ... ( eagle).
Their nests are at the edge of a cliff
Mountain children are raised there ... ( eagles).
The donkey lazily wandered uphill,
And hovered over the mountain ... (eagle).
We go to sleep. The world is out.
And wake us up... (rooster).
In winter, apples on the branches,
Collect them quickly!
And suddenly - apples fluttered.
After all, this... (bullfinches).
Guess what kind of bird:
Afraid of the bright light
Crocheted beak, patchy eyes,
Eared head. It... (owl).
Who is without notes and without flute
Best of all displays trills,
Who is this? ( nightingale).
Vereshchunya, white-sided,
And her name is ... ( magpie).
I don't believe my eyes
How bright are his feathers!
Fashion did not cheat
Beautiful... (hoopoe).
Sounds time marks
In the morning the sun meets
Here is the last ray went out -
Sleeping on a perch rooster)
Do not scare with a loud cry
Nas, handsome (parrot)
He sang solo among the branches
The singer was named nightingale)
good guys
At the chicken - ( corydalis)
Shake the sea -
asked ( gull)
And in the light he is powerless,
Only scary at night owl)
