Construction of a full-fledged house based on SIP panels
If you have been looking for the best opportunity to build a warm home without spending a fortune, consider building a home with SIP panels. Pricing for the purchase of materials for the construction of a "box" with a size of 10 * 10 square meters, excluding finishing materials - approximately 17-20 thousand US dollars. At the same time, take into account the fact that additional insulation of the building in your case is not required.
SIP panel - characteristics and properties
Building houses from sip panels began in the 2nd half of the 20th century in Canada. Technological methods of such construction are very simple, the construction of buildings will require a relatively small time investment, a little time (two weeks). The time spent on construction depends on the chosen project and the degree of its complexity. Cheaper than this method can only be a frame-type house.
A house made of sip panels, based on its structure, has a sufficient level of strength. In English, the panels are called SIP, which is essentially a construction abbreviation: Structural Insulated Panel. The translation of this abbreviation has the following meaning "Constructive insulated Panel". Proceeding from this, the Russian variation of the abbreviated name of KTP. In reality, the replacement of the Latin alphabet with the Cyrillic alphabet is used. As a result, we have the name "SIP-panel".
This material is formed from a pair of OSB boards, between which there is a polystyrene foam layer. In the end, we have something like a sandwich. From here came another name for the plate material - a sandwich panel.
sip panel house
There are two ways to build a house from sip panels:
From building a frame base. In building a private house, you can take timber as a basis; when building high-rise buildings, the frame is most often steel.
With this technology, the panels are connected using a beam of various diameters.
Frameless reception involves the connection of SIP with the help of thermal dowels - inserts from panels of small thickness.
In our state, the first option has gained the greatest popularity over the years. The frame of wood is able to give the structure strength of additional order. The bearing function of sandwich panels, even without the use of a frame, is enough for the construction of one-two-story houses in the private sector. But the realization that the basis of the house is timber somehow calms the residents. This technology has another advantage, namely maintainability. In case of difficulties, it is possible to dismantle the damaged panels and replace them with new ones.
Houses made of sip panels for permanent residence
Advantages and disadvantages of SIP panels
Like every technology that is progressive for our environment, the construction of buildings from SIP panels has a whole range of opponents and adherents. For opponents, the fundamental argument is considered to be the unnaturalness of the raw materials used, the likelihood of environmental pollution by harmful substances. Indeed, this material consists of OSB and conventional foam. Styrofoam is a very standard material and is dangerous only when burned. OSB has also been on the market for a long time; it is made from compressed chips of a large fraction. Formaldehyde-based resinous compounds are added as binders. In fact, it causes all the complaints: formaldehyde is a poison and its presence in the atmosphere can cause poisoning.
The percentage of the presence of formaldehyde is regulated by such a structure as SES (sanitary epidemiological station), only safe materials should be supplied for sale. So, if you want to build a house from SIP panels, you should choose a manufacturer more often. OSB boards from Egger, which is located in Germany, are recognized as the highest quality. Their formaldehyde emission is E1 (safe level).
Glunz Agepan panels are also a good option, but they are used very little in our country. If we are talking about Russian companies, then we advise you to look at the products of the Kaleval company.
In the manufacturing process, only safe and reliable materials are used:
- OSB-3 Kalevala emission class E1;
- Glue - TOP-UR (Russia);
- Expanded polystyrene -25C Knauf (RF).
Any part of the building is fitted to certain panels.
Why do many choose SIP panels during construction?
Since such a house made of sip panels has a number of solid advantages:
The light weight of the structure, in view of which you can save on work on the foundation. Pile foundations are suitable for these buildings.
Not high heat losses, reduced heating costs. Expanded polystyrene is an excellent insulation, sandwiched on both sides with sheets. This circumstance makes the house very warm.
Low price per square meter.
Not long production time. A box of a house on 2 floors can be piled up in a month.
The complete absence of any shrinkage. The sediment is only at the foundation.
Finishing can be carried out immediately after collection.
In general, all the above circumstances make people choose houses from sandwich panels. They build houses for both permanent residence and seasonal. On the basis of which, even with a very limited budget, it is possible to build houses from sip panels, moreover, successfully.
We carry out construction with our own hands
We build a house from sip panels with our own hands in the following ways, there are two of them:
We purchase a house kit for a clearly specified project in a company that carries out this type of work, and we will assemble it ourselves. Not all companies can agree to this, but most have an installation service from the manufacturer.
Buy plates. Cut to the size you need, and then buy a bar, we do all this on our own. In this case, the responsibility for the level of quality lies solely with you. If you have carpentry skills or you have relatives ready to tell you, you can redistribute with this option.
Let's briefly talk about what constitutes a home kit. This is nothing more than ready-made, coupled with a wooden beam of the required size and fasteners necessary for construction. All building ingredients are numbered in a certain way. At the time of assembly, blocks are connected in a pre-approved order. The whole process is similar to the standard construction from the constructor, only for real.
Domkomplekt is especially advantageous provided that all details are accurately executed.
Construction of houses from sip panels
Stages of construction work
To build a house from sip panels, as in other things and usual, we begin with the selection of the type of foundation and its direct construction. The foundation made of piles is considered optimal for houses made of sip panels with moderate lightness. It is he who is used in most examples of SIP technologies.
Sometimes it is not possible to build a pile foundation in a particular area due to:
- hard soils, due to expensive drilling work (rocks);
- on soils of an unstable position with reduced resistance to load (peat bogs);
- in the presence of cavities.
How the foundation is arranged - you can proceed to the construction and assembly of panels.
SIP panels are a type of so-called sandwich panels. Their function is a bearing support, for this reason they are used for the construction of frame-panel structures.
Canadian technology made it possible to connect the panels using a tenon-groove. The panels include three layers: insulation and two rigid sheets. The wooden frame performs a load-bearing function and can withstand a large load. 
Types of sip panels:
- Roofing;
- Wall;
- For coverings.
The composition of such panels includes OSB and foam boards, their combination gives high strength and thermal insulation. The materials are connected with a special polymer adhesive. Polyurethane foam, fiberglass, mineral wool, polyisocyanurate foam can also be used as a heater.
How are houses built from this type of panels?
The frame, floor, roof frame, interfloor ceilings are built from beams of different sections. Thanks to the insulation, you can build attics with less cash investment.
OSB boards are made from chips, the fibers of which are laid in different directions, and impregnated with a special moisture-resistant compound. Outside, finishing can be done with siding, brick or ceramic panels.
Walls can be insulated with waterproofing film and drywall.
Pros and cons of building houses from sip panels
A house made of sip panels is hygienic, environmentally friendly and fire resistant, without posing a danger to either people or animals. 
A thick layer of expanded polystyrene will keep the house warm even at high sub-zero temperatures outside and save the family budget on heating. Even panel and brick houses do not have such characteristics. For comparison, in order for a brick house to have the same thermal conductivity, the walls must be 1.5 meters wide.
Along with this, the panels have high sound insulation.
The use of sip panels allows increase the speed of construction of buildings by several times (1-2 months) and you can work with them at any time of the year. They are easy and convenient to transport.
price issue
Let's find out how much it costs to build such a house. To date construction of sip panels is the cheapest option. The price per square meter on a turnkey basis, including foundation, finishing, roof, electricity, heating is 300-450 USD. For example, for a given cost, you can build a brick house box.
Due to its lightness, the impact on the foundation is minimized.
The main disadvantage of "Canadian houses" is the conservatism of the population. Many are afraid to use new technologies to build a house in reproach to the usual (brick, panel houses). Of course, all building materials have their drawbacks and advantages, but in the case of sip panels, there are no serious disadvantages.
Often a negative opinion about these buildings is created by competitors. This applies to both distributors of building materials and builders who adhere to the usual methods of construction.
Myths about sip panels
Ventilation needs to be carefully considered
This is not necessary, just ventilation should be better than in traditional houses. By the way, in them often it is simply absent. 
Building fire hazard
Any building can burn down. Many products are now commercially available to prevent fires, including wood preservatives (fire retardant paints and compounds). And of course, follow the basic safety measures.
Rodent problems
This minus can also be applied to all houses, even in brick houses rodents can start. It is worth noting that they do not feed on basalt wool and foam.
The need for insulation
A house made of any building material needs to be insulated more than the prescribed norms and rules.
Stages of building a sip house
Now let's talk more about the construction of a Canadian house.
1. Project selection
Any construction must begin with a project. If you do not pay attention to this stage, the results of the buildings can be sad.
In buildings without a project, you can often see a single supporting frame, which is responsible for the strength of the structure. Panel cutting is minimized to save time. However, the danger of structures is not taken into account. 
Any project can be the basis, since the features of sip panels are taken into account not at the draft, but already at the detailed design stage. Here you need the help of a qualified specialist.
The architectural part of the project outlines the appearance and layout. Do-it-yourself floor planning can lead to such shortcomings as a narrow corridor, a steep staircase, etc.
The cost of the finished project varies from 200 to 600 rubles per square meter. How to design your own house? You can pick up a project in any catalog or take published projects on the Internet as a basis and remake them for yourself. Many do just that.
The construction of two-story houses will come out much cheaper than one-story houses with the same area. However, it should be noted that the usable space in a two-story building goes under the staircase hall, an additional bathroom.
The main thing is to find the option you like, determine the needs, correlate with the possibilities. If necessary, change the area, remove excesses.
When studying finished projects, you need to pay attention to the fact that the total area is considered differently. There are different counting rules, which can distort the final result even by half.
Surely, many wondered how to build a Canadian house yourself. The services of construction organizations will have to be used in any case.
According to the project, panels of the required parameters can be manufactured. Of course, you can buy ready-made panels in a standard size, and then cut them to fit the project. But this is a long and laborious work. After completing the order, the panels are transported to the construction site and assembly of the house begins.
Buying a house kit
Also now there are many companies selling house kits created on the principle of “build it yourself”. This adult building toy includes a pre-assembled frame that simply needs to be assembled at the construction site, assembly instructions are included.
All wooden components are cut according to the project at the factory, at the same time, the buyer receives finished marked products.
3. Foundation
The sip house is considered light, and therefore it does not need a heavy buried foundation. Often they erect tape, pile-grillage, tape-columnar.
To build a shallow foundation, it is necessary to make markings on the site and excavate the soil (depth 50-60 cm, width 40 cm). The next step is its compaction.
To do this, sand is poured in a layer of 10 cm, compacted. Further, according to the same principle, crushed stone is poured. Now you can start installing the formwork, height - 50 cm above the ground. Before this, it is necessary to make holes.
After that, it is connected and installed in a trench. The foundation is poured with concrete mortar and dries within a month. The wooden formwork is removed.
A two-three-layer roofing material is laid on the foundation, on which bituminous mastic is smeared. After the foundation is laid in the middle, it is connected at the corners. We fix it with a pin.
4. Gender
Canadian technologies provide for the complete construction of the house with sip panels (walls, roof, floor). But Russian companies are of the opinion that it is better to do ordinary floors on logs. The space between the lags must be filled with insulation. 
This method is more reliable and durable, you can easily install the floor if an unforeseen situation occurs.
Let's talk about the stages of laying the floor from sip panels.
- To begin with, prepare the bars.
They will also be lags, beams that are inserted between the panels. Their length should allow you to easily lie on the foundation.
- The panels are cut with a saw in accordance with the required size.
You can remove the insulation if necessary with a thermal cutter. Please note that the gap between the insulation and the edge of the OSP board should not exceed 2-2.5 cm.
- The corner panel is used first when assembling.
- Next, the second panel is attached.
It is pre-foamed, the beam is attached and pressed. Further, everything is according to the same principle.
- The grooves around the perimeter are filled with boards 2.5 cm wide.
The algorithm of actions is simple: we fill the groove with mounting foam, insert the board, press it, fix it. Heavy equipment will allow you to lay the resulting structure. The part of the beam that protrudes is attached to the foundation with a steel angle.
5. Walls
The main task is to minimize panel joints, and only after that think about how to reduce waste. 
The lower groove in two panels is filled with foam and put on a bed, these panels are installed in a corner, fixed with self-tapping screws.
Then the installation scheme is the same: we fill the groove and the bottom of the panel with foam, which we put on the bed, insert a square beam between the panels, press it, fix it.
After the final installation of the walls, we process the upper groove with foam, insert the strapping beam there, fix it with self-tapping screws.
6. Roof
Then we attach the overlapping beams to the upper strapping bars. The roof can be made of traditional rafters, which will rest on the grooves in the beams. Next, the crate is stuffed and the roof is laid.
For lovers of the attic, we can offer roof insulation. The space between the rafters is filled with insulation and covered with a vapor barrier film. Outside, a waterproofing superdiffusion membrane can be stuffed onto the insulation.
It is much easier to insulate the space between horizontal beams than in the walls. In the overlap, the insulation does not give much shrinkage.
I would like to pay attention to beams (wooden frames). Wood is a living material and can warp and crack. To avoid these troubles, you should first carry out drying in the chamber. But this is a budget and not the most reliable way.
The most rational is to use glued lumber(wooden I-beams, LVL beams). These materials are many times more expensive, but quality and safety are above all.
Before laying soft tiles, as well as other roofing, you should carefully consider the ventilation gap. Otherwise, the steam will not find a way out and will entail negative moments. Pay due attention to the vapor barrier of the joints, this can be done with adhesive tape.
We suggest watching the following video so that the above information is more understandable.
If the roof is planned to be made entirely of sip panels, then the installation starts from one edge and builds up along the ridge. First, the first rafters are installed and fixed with self-tapping screws, then the panels are fastened according to the already familiar algorithm.
Wiring
Separately, it should be said about the installation of electrical wiring. First of all, a scheme is developed, then the marking of the electrical mains and electrical points is done. The bases of fasteners for switches, sockets and lighting fixtures must be metal.
In the case of using metal pipes or sleeves (concealed wiring), fireproof material is laid between them and sandwich panels - a box and PVC corrugation. At pipe bends, it must be welded or threaded. A plastic insert is installed on the edges of the pipes. 
The video below is an example of high-quality wiring. The lack of material is its excessive length, however, the authors recognize this minus and recommend watching before 10:27 and after 30:46.
Basic Mistakes
When building sip houses on their own, they often try to save as much as possible, while making typical mistakes:
- Simplification of the power structure.
Under no circumstances should this be done. Installing a ceiling between floors with long panels, as well as installing a floor with solid slabs, will lead to a sad result in the future. The plates will loosen and begin to creak.
- total economy.
Saving time and money is, of course, good, but everything should be in moderation. No need to build a house from large sections of panels. Saving on timber and cutting parts, you endanger your living in the house.
- Low quality panels.
This can be the biggest nuisance in buying panels. Often in hardware stores you can find cheap handicraft sip panels. They have very poor gluing and such a building can simply be dangerous.
- Incorrect calculation of the mounting clearance.
It is also called an expansion gap, at the joints it should be 3 mm. However, following this recommendation is very difficult. You can simply trim the end panel if there is a slight discrepancy with the strapping.
In its most general form, the construction of a house and the installation technology are not difficult, although they require the well-known approach “measure seven times - cut one”. In general, when compared with other materials and methods, building a house from sip panels can be done easily and quickly, 2-4 people can handle this task.
The construction of sip panels (SIP) can be attributed to the fastest, which currently exists in this market. For a week and a half it is quite possible to build a one-story cottage. The technology came to us from Canada. It is also extremely popular now in European countries.
Buildings made of sip panels are very warm and quite reliable. In our conditions, the material is ideal for the construction of country cottages and country houses. In this regard, many who want to become owners of such temporary or permanent housing are interested in how to build a house from sip panels with their own hands in record time due to technology.
What are sip panels
The sip panel is a three-layer building material. The inside is a thick layer of expanded polystyrene, which acts as an insulating and insulating material. On both sides, 2 layers of OSB chipboard are attached to it. It is made from wood chips, multidirectional and glued under pressure.
Expanded polystyrene provides excellent sound and heat insulation. OSB boards and high-quality glue, produced by special technology, securely fix the insulating material. During construction, sip panels are connected to each other with mounting foam, and wooden beams give rigidity to all structural nodes.
The advantages of this building material:
1. Durability - 100 years or more.
2. Fast construction by joining SIP panels.
3. You can build in any season, since there are no mortars that require special conditions for solidification.
4. Very simple roof construction.
5. Due to the small thickness of the panels, the usable area inside the house increases.
6. A building built using this technology is very light and does not shrink.
7. Excellent thermal insulation, allowing you to save energy even during the heating season.
8. Ease of installation of doorways.
9. Ideally smooth and even surface of the panels allows you to use any finish without pre-leveling the walls.
10. Styrofoam and OSB board do not rot; they are not inhabited by rodents.
11. The material is absolutely clean and environmentally friendly.
12. The construction of it is quite simple and does not require the involvement of heavy construction equipment (cranes, etc.) in the process.
13. Low prices for SIP panels make the construction of them the most cost-effective option.
Disadvantages:
1. The panels do not allow water vapor to pass through, so buildings made of them need high-quality ventilation.
2. The material cannot boast of high fire resistance. In this regard, the issue of electrical wiring insulation should be given special attention. It is recommended to install a fire alarm.
3. The material is not resistant to moisture, so the foundation must be made wide enough to protect the structure from moisture.
4. The technology of building houses from sip panels does not allow much diversification of standard projects.
Construction of sip panels (video)
You should always start with design. And although you can’t expect a lot of variety in this matter, it is important to correctly calculate the size of the rooms, the placement of communications, etc. The complete assembly of the building is shown in the video.
The building made of sip panels is very light in weight and does not need a strong foundation. Under a one- or two-story house, you can build a tape or pile-screw. During the construction of the foundation, it is very important to equip its waterproofing with high quality. This will require bituminous mastic and 2 layers of roofing material, the sheets of which must be overlapped.
Then you can start laying the subfloor, which we also build from the same SIP panels (video). The photo shows how the floor is attached to the foundation. Between themselves, the panels are connected and immediately fixed with polyurethane sealant and self-tapping screws.
Building walls (video)
How the assembly of the building walls from SIP panels looks like can be seen in the video.
It is assembled literally like a big constructor. First, the bottom trim is mounted. As is the case with many modern building materials, building with sip panels starts from the corners of the house. To the corner panels, butt-to-butt, the subsequent ones are attached in both directions, up to the next corners. A wooden beam is laid between the panels, fixed with a sealant and self-tapping screws.
To build any building, you must use the building level. In this case, this is also true, despite the fact that the sip panels are perfectly even. Using the level will help to avoid deviation of the walls from the ideal vertical. The ends of the walls and the upper selections are covered with sealant, after which we begin to make the upper trim.
To create floors between floors, all the same sip panels are used. They have sufficient strength for this and can withstand a very solid weight (furniture, the residents themselves, etc.). After installing the floors, we continue to build walls - now the second floor. The ceilings are reinforced with wooden beams.
Door / window openings are made very simply: they can simply be cut with a regular hacksaw. The material is perfectly processed and requires almost no effort during this process. All this can be done by hand.
How to build a roof
The technology of erecting a roof on such a building is extremely simple. To build it, we again use the same SIP panels. Plates are mounted on the same principle as walls and interfloor ceilings. Rafters are not required. How the roof and wall panels are connected is shown in diagrams 1 and 2.
Please note that a support column is installed in the center. To do this, you can use a bar 50x70 mm. All fastening of roofing elements is carried out using self-tapping screws, sealant and docking bars. When the roof is assembled, you can immediately proceed to the finish coating. You can cover the roof with almost any material (metal tiles, corrugated board, soft tiles, etc.). The choice of material depends on the preferences and material capabilities of the homeowner.
Finishing
Outside, the building can be lined with plastic clapboard, siding and any similar material that will protect the walls from moisture. Interior decoration is even more simple. Since the walls of sip panels are absolutely flat, there is no need to mount any leveling frame.
The walls inside the building can be wallpapered, plastered, even tiled or mosaiced (bathroom, kitchen, etc.). The floor covering is also suitable for almost any. You can lay laminate, linoleum, floorboard and even parquet on the floor, if you so desire. Even including all the finishing work, the construction of a 3-4-room mansion from sip panels in the worst weather can take a maximum of a month and a half.
The technology is simple and low-cost; the cost of all materials is also minimal. Everything is done simply and very quickly. If you need the most inexpensive country house with excellent heat and sound insulation, the construction of sip panels is just right. In the next video, we posted a review of the owner of such a house. It will help to better understand what such a structure is like.
The construction of houses from sip panels has become widespread in Canada and Europe. Today this method enjoys well-deserved popularity in our country. Many companies provide these services, but due to the ease of use, it is possible to build a house from sip panels on your own, without involving qualified performers. If you follow a simple technology, you can get a decent result in a short time.
SIP (Structural insulated panel): characteristics, advantages and disadvantages
Sip panels are three-layer sandwich panels. Between two layers of solid sheet material, there is a heat-insulating and sound-proofing layer. OSB boards are most often used as external layers, polystyrene foam acts as a filler. Less commonly, mineral wool is used for filling, since this significantly increases the weight and cost of the elements. Outside, they are treated with fire-fighting and antiseptic impregnations. Sip sandwiches are produced in various thicknesses - 124; 174 and 224 mm, depending on the destination. The main linear dimensions are 2500 * 1250 mm and 2800 * 1250 mm, although products of other sizes can be ordered. 
The popularity of this product is due to a large number of advantages:
- Factory readiness. When ordering prefabricated elements at the factory, the assembly takes place in such a way as to take into account all the features of the project and reduce assembly errors to a minimum. Also, many manufacturers complete products with a studded board, which ensures a reliable tenon-groove connection. In other cases, the complete set with a bar is made at the place of assembly.
- Ease of use. The technology is so simple that the building can be assembled by hand. At the same time, the set of tools for work is minimal.
- Wide application. From SIP it is possible to build country cottages, office and warehouse premises, garages and carry out the installation of other buildings and structures.
- High heat and noise insulation. The presence of foam or mineral wool provides excellent thermal properties.
- Strength. Manufacturers give a guarantee of at least 50 years.
- Ease of construction. Light weight allows the use of lightweight types of foundations.
- Construction speed.
- All season. The absence of "wet" processes allows you to carry out the installation yourself, regardless of weather conditions.
- Saving. The use of this technology at all stages of construction from floor to roof, reduces material costs.
- Reducing the cost of heating.
The disadvantages include:
- Synthetic materials.
- Full tightness of buildings. For normal operation of such an object, a good forced ventilation system is required.
- Flammability. There are heated debates about this, although manufacturers promise a high class of fire safety.
It is necessary to responsibly approach the choice of SIP so that they meet all the specified requirements. The presence of impregnation for biological protection, fire-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings, the thickness of the frame coating and the density of the insulating layer.
Preparatory stages of work
- Project selection. If the appearance of the building, its size, number of floors and design depends only on the wishes of the customer, then the preparation of project documentation and the calculation of the number of sandwiches should be entrusted to professionals. This will help you avoid mistakes and save money.
- Manufacturer's choice. You should first study the supply market and choose a company that is trusted and follows the technological process of manufacturing and packaging.
- Purchase and delivery of the order.
The main works on the construction of the building
Foundation
The most important step is the selection and proper arrangement of the foundation. The light weight of the structure will allow the use of any type of base: tape of small depth, monolithic or columnar type. Most often, screw piles are used, which reduces the construction time to 2-3 days. This process is carried out as carefully as possible, avoiding errors and inaccuracies. The device of the pile foundation can be done by hand. The site is marked according to the project, starting from the corners. Axial threads are stretched between the corner pegs and seats for piles are marked. The distance for neighboring supports is 2-2.5 m. After that, the piles are twisted to the desired depth, below the freezing point of the soil for this climatic zone.
With the help of a level, a single level is found for the entire frame. Horizontal leveling can be done by additional twisting or cutting off excess. The twist fitting method is not recommended, as this loosens the soil. After that, we connect the “heels” of the piles using a metal channel, lay a waterproofing layer, for which we use roofing material, and mount a strapping beam on top using bolted connections.
Floor arrangement
From sip panels, you can assemble a full-fledged floor with your own hands. To do this, frame slabs are laid over the area, having previously treated them with waterproofing mastic. A connecting beam is used as a lag. For better sealing, polyurethane foam sealant is applied to all joints. After that, to improve strength, all joints are fastened with self-tapping screws in increments of 10-15 cm. Often, boardwalk is additionally mounted on top of the “pie” using self-tapping screws. In conclusion, a strapping device is carried out, along which the walls of the future dwelling will be directly assembled.
We raise the walls
Despite the apparent complexity, building walls is also quite doable with your own hands. We start assembling the structure from the corner, for which we set the corner panels horizontally and vertically, using the building level for quality control. Further, from the exposed corner multilayer slabs, we ourselves mount the subsequent ones, heading in two directions to the next corners. We glue each connecting groove with a mounting sealant. At the end of the construction of the walls of the first floor, we lay the strapping board on top, which will serve as the basis for the interfloor overlap. 
We carry out the installation of floors by analogy with the floor, performing step by step the technology of laying plates. If necessary, we strengthen the structure with an additional beam. In the ceilings, it is necessary not to forget the technological openings for ventilation ducts and other communications. With the help of releases of the connecting board, it is possible to form the basis for balconies, loggias, various decorative structures.
The fastening of the structural elements of the second floor is similar in execution to the installation of sip-sandwiches on the first level.
When arranging the roof, for small volumes, you can do without installing a truss system, since the panels have the necessary margin of safety. This method saves a significant amount of money. For large roof areas, it is necessary to mount rafters. But even in this case, the savings are noticeable, because the use of additional waterproofing films and other coatings is excluded. On top, for ventilation, a rack lathing is arranged and the final finishing of the roof is carried out with any chosen material: metal tiles, ondulin, etc. 
Finishing
With the right work, we get smooth and even surfaces that can be easily finished with any material. For interior space, drywall is most often used, in bathrooms and kitchens - ceramic tiles. For the street, siding, decorative plasters are suitable.
Thus, the widespread use of sip sandwiches for the construction of buildings is due to the undoubted advantages of the material, the ability to perform the entire range of work with one's own hands, as well as significant savings in the construction process and subsequent operation.
