The main idea and essence of the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” is that with the help of love any evil can be defeated, so Ruslan overcame all obstacles, saving both Lyudmila and his native land.
The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" begins with a dedication to the ladies, in which Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin expresses the hope that the poem will be read by them. This is followed by the fairytale opening “Near Lukomorye there is a green oak...”
wedding feast
Song 1 tells about this event. Let's begin the description of the brief content with it. The plot of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" begins with a feast in Kyiv. The main characters appear here for the first time. Prince Vladimir the Sun, whose name is reminiscent of the famous Vladimir the Red Sun, married his youngest daughter Lyudmila to the brave Prince Ruslan. At the feast there were also three rivals of the young husband who had previously claimed Lyudmila’s hand - Rogdai, Farlaf and Ratmir.
Kidnapping of Lyudmila
Night fell and the newlyweds gathered to retire. But as soon as they lay down on the wedding bed, a mysterious voice was heard, and Lyudmila was kidnapped by an unknown sorcerer.
Having learned about what had happened, the prince-father invited the recent guests of the wedding feast. Vladimir was angry with Ruslan because he did not protect his daughter, and therefore vowed to give Lyudmila as a wife to someone who could save her. The young husband and three of his rivals went to look for the princess. At first they moved in one direction along the banks of the Dnieper, but by the end of the day they went in different directions.
Meeting with a hermit
Ruslan, left alone, soon came across a cave. An old hermit lived in it. He revealed to the hero that Lyudmila had been kidnapped by the formidable sorcerer - Chernomor, the ruler of the Full Mountains. Due to his old age, he could not take possession of Lyudmila by force, but still kept her captive. The elder also said that Ruslan would defeat the evil wizard, although it would not be easy.
The Hermit's Story
Even giving a very brief summary of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", it is worth mentioning some of the supporting characters. The hermit told Ruslan about his life. In his youth, he was a Finnish shepherd and passionately fell in love with his beautiful neighbor Naina. But she was too proud and rejected the simple shepherd. The ardent young man gathered a squad of brave fellows and for ten years gained the glory of a warrior in raids on neighboring countries. But when he returned to Naina with rich gifts, crowned with military glory, she again rejected him. Then he retired to the wilds of the forest, where he studied magic, dreaming of using it to win the heart of an unapproachable beauty.
So four decades passed. When he finally cast the spell and Naina appeared to him, he was horrified - she became old and ugly. Now Naina could answer him with love, but he no longer wanted that. Then she, offended, vowed to take revenge on her former admirer. It turned out that all these years Naina had also been studying the science of witchcraft, because, as the elder said, she already knows about his meeting with Ruslan, and he is in danger from an angry sorceress.
Rival plans
Rogdai, not forgiving Ruslan for his luck in love affairs, planned to kill him, but, turning back, he met only Farlaf, who was having lunch in the field. He was not distinguished by courage and, seeing that Rogdai mistook him for Ruslan, wanted to run away as quickly as possible. However, while jumping over a ravine, he fell from his horse. Rogdai took out his sword to deal with his hated rival, but saw that it was not Ruslan, turned around and left.
Naina's appearance
Not far away, Rogday met a hunchbacked old woman (in fact it was the sorceress Naina), who showed him the direction in which to look for Ruslan. Then Naina appeared to Farlaf, advising him to give up the search for Lyudmila and retire to his Kiev estate.
Lyudmila at Chernomor
And the following happened to Lyudmila. After Chernomor took her from her wedding bed to his castle, the girl came to her senses only in the morning, in a richly decorated room. The maids respectfully dressed her in a beautiful sundress, belted with pearls.
But Lyudmila was not pleased with the surrounding luxury. She missed Ruslan and her home. Chernomor had a beautiful large garden, fragrant with overseas flowers, where she could walk, and there she even had the idea of committing suicide by throwing herself from the bridge between the rocks.
Everything about this place was magical - as soon as the girl sat down on the grass, lunch miraculously appeared in front of her. And with the onset of darkness, an unknown force transported Lyudmila back to the palace, where the maids prepared her bedchamber. When the princess was about to sleep, the door suddenly opened and Chernomor’s beard entered the room - a long row of slaves carried it in front of the sorcerer.
The sorcerer himself, a disgusting dwarf, appeared behind the beard. Lyudmila screamed in horror, threw the cap off his head and wanted to strike. From her scream, the blackamoor slaves were confused, and Chernomor wanted to run away, but got entangled in his own beard and fell to the ground.
And Ruslan continued on his way at this time. Suddenly a cry was heard from behind: “Stop!” Ruslan saw that Rogdai was approaching. They fought for a long time, but in the end Ruslan managed to throw his opponent off his horse and threw him into the Dnieper. According to rumors, Rogdai ended up with a mermaid, and his ghost wandered along the shore at night for a long time.
The Sorcerer's Secret
In the morning after the inglorious flight from Lyudmila, Chernomor met with Naina, who had arrived in the form of a flying kite. Turning into a woman, she proposed an alliance against Ruslan and the hermit. Chernomor willingly agreed, telling Naina the secret of his invincibility. It was possible to kill him only by cutting off his beard.
Song 3 of the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” tells about these events. In a brief summary of this part of the work, we will talk about the subsequent adventures of the heroes.
The disappearance of Lyudmila
After Naina flew away, Chernomor again visited the captive princess, but it turned out that she had disappeared. The sorcerer sent slaves to search for her. But where could Lyudmila really have gone? And she, starting to get dressed in the morning, saw Chernomor’s cap lying on the floor. Trying it on backwards, the girl discovered that she had become invisible. It turned out that the cap is actually an invisibility cap.
And Ruslan, after the victory over Rogdai, rode forward and soon saw a field covered with the remains of the dead and weapons. There he picked up a replacement for his armor and shield, which had become unusable after the battle with his opponent. Only the hero did not find a new sword.
Monstrous Head
Having driven further, from a distance he noticed a mountain that seemed alive. Nearby, the hero was surprised to see a huge sleeping Head. Ruslan tickled her nose with a spear, and the Head sneezed so hard that she almost blew the hero off his horse. Angry at the man who woke her up, the Head began to blow on him with all her might, and Ruslan was carried away by the wind into the field. The hero gathered all his strength and rushed towards the Head, pierced its tongue with a spear and hit it on the cheek so that it rolled to the side. It turns out that there was a sword underneath it. Ruslan took it and wanted to cut off the head’s nose and ears, but she begged for mercy and told about herself.
Once upon a time it was the head of a valiant warrior. For his glory and courage, he was hated by his evil younger brother, Chernomor, who mastered witchcraft and had a magic beard that gave him invulnerability. One day, an insidious sorcerer told his older brother about a sword, which, as it is written in the books, is safely kept in a distant place. Chernomor convinced his brother that this sword would bring death to both of them, so they needed to get it by any means.
The glorious warrior believed his younger brother and set off on the road. Chernomor sat on his shoulder, showing the way. The sword was eventually found, and there was a dispute over who should own it. Chernomor played a trick, suggesting that the two of them lie down on the ground and listen - a ringing sound will be heard from it, and the first one to hear it will become the owner of the sword. The naive older brother agreed, but as soon as he lay down on the ground, Chernomor deprived him of his head. A lot of time passed, and the warrior’s body decayed, but with the help of magic, Chernomor made his head immortal and placed it to guard the wonderful sword.
After what was said, the Head asked Ruslan to take revenge on Chernomor. The sword was supposed to help with this.
Adventures of Ratmir
Ruslan's third opponent, Ratmir, rode south. Suddenly he came across a palace, along the wall of which a girl was walking, inviting travelers. When Ratmir arrived at the gate, he was met by a crowd of girls. They undressed him, took him to the bathhouse and fed him. Ratmir stayed with one of the girls for the night.
And Ruslan tirelessly moved north, looking for his beloved. On the way he came across warriors and monsters with whom he had to fight.
Lyudmila's deception
Lyudmila, meanwhile, walked unseen through the gardens and palaces of Chernomor. Sometimes she took off her magic hat, teasing the sorcerer's servants who were looking for her. But when they tried to catch her, she instantly disappeared. Chernomor, in anger and frustration, finally came up with a way to catch the girl. He turned into Ruslan, who had received a wound, and began plaintively calling the princess. Lyudmila, of course, rushed into his arms, but suddenly saw that in front of her was not a husband at all, but a hated kidnapper. The girl tried to escape, but Chernomor put her in a deep sleep. And at that moment the sound of a horn was heard nearby - it was Ruslan who had reached the lands of the villain.
Battle
Ruslan challenged Chernomor to a fight. Suddenly the sorcerer attacked the warrior from the air and began to beat him. Ruslan deftly knocked the wizard down and grabbed him by the beard. Trying to free himself, Chernomor rushed into the air. Ruslan hung on the magic beard and did not unhook.
Their flight continued for three days, and the sorcerer began to get tired. No matter how he tried to fool Ruslan with false speeches, he did not give in and forced himself to be taken to his wife. When Chernomor descended into his garden, Ruslan immediately cut off his witch's beard. But where is Lyudmila? The knight began to look for his beloved, crushing everything around him. By chance, he touched the magic hat on Lyudmila’s head and saw his wife sound asleep.
Taking his beloved in his arms and putting the sorcerer in his knapsack, Ruslan went back. Passing through familiar places, he met the Head again. She, having learned about the revenge, finally tried to express to her brother the anger that tormented her and died.
Soon Ruslan came across a lonely poor house near an unknown river. There the beauty was waiting for her husband. He turned out to be a fisherman, and when he landed on the shore, Ruslan recognized him as Ratmir. Although he was a Khazar khan, for the sake of love he refused great fame, wealth, and even twelve beautiful girls he met along the way. The men hugged and talked in a friendly manner; Ratmir no longer thought about Lyudmila.
Death of Ruslan
And the evil sorceress Naina found Farlaf, who lived in the wilderness, and took him with her to the valley, where the tired Ruslan slept next to Lyudmila. Tom had a bad dream in which Farlaf and Lyudmila appeared at Vladimir’s feast.
The real Farlaf rode up to Ruslan on a horse and pierced him with a sword three times, grabbed the sleeping Lyudmila and rode away. Ruslan spent the night unconscious, and in the morning, trying to get up, he fell dead.
Return to Kyiv
Farlaf brought Lyudmila to Kyiv. Her father met them and saw that his daughter was sleeping soundly. Farlaf swore that he himself had won it from the goblin from the Murom forests.
The people of Kiev constantly went to look at the sleeping princess. No matter how hard they tried to wake her up with loud sounds and music, nothing helped. Vladimir was sad. And the next morning a new misfortune happened - the city was besieged by the Pechenegs.
Ruslan's friend, the hermit-sorcerer, already knew about what had happened. With the help of witchcraft, he found himself near magical streams, one of which was with dead water, and the other with living water. The elder filled the jugs, read a witchcraft spell, was transported to Ruslan and revived him with miraculous waters. Saying goodbye forever, the wizard gave Ruslan a ring that would help wake up Lyudmila.
Happy ending of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
Residents of Kyiv watched in horror as enemies besieged the city. The princely warriors were unable to drive away the Pechenegs. But the next day the people of Kiev were awakened by an incomprehensible noise - it was an unknown warrior hacking at foreigners. The defeated Pechenegs fled. Jubilant Kyiv met the hero who was Ruslan. He hurried to the prince's tower. Touching Lyudmila's face with a magic ring, Ruslan woke her up. The happy Prince Vladimir ordered to re-celebrate the marriage of the heroes of the poem Ruslan and Lyudmila. Farlaf, who obeyed, was forgiven, and Chernomor, who had lost his witchcraft powers, was taken into the service of the prince.
A brief summary helps you quickly become familiar with the content of any literary work. “Ruslan and Lyudmila” - poem by A.S. Pushkin. A retelling will help the reader understand the meaning of the work, introduce the plot, the main characters, and, perhaps, arouse interest in a detailed study of the original.
History of creation
They say that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was thinking about writing a similar work while still studying at the lyceum. But he began to work on it thoroughly later - in 1818-1820. Pushkin wanted to create fairy-tale poetry that would have a “heroic spirit.”
The poetic work was born simultaneously under the influence of Russian literary tales and the works of Voltaire and Ariosto. The names of some of the characters were assigned after the release of “The History of the Russian State.” It was there that Ratmir, Ragdai, Farlaf were. A brief summary will introduce you to them very soon.
“Ruslan and Lyudmila” also has elements of parody, because Alexander Sergeevich sometimes liked to show off apt epigrams and include humorous elements in his poetic creations. Critics have noticed that Pushkin kindly parodies some episodes of Zhukovsky’s ballad “The Twelve Sleeping Virgins.” But in the 30s, the poet even regretted that he did this “to please the mob,” because he treated Zhukovsky well, who presented him with his portrait after the publication of the poem and wrote that it was the defeated teacher who gave it to the victorious student.
Dedication
People love many of A.S.’s fairy tales. Pushkin, “Ruslan and Lyudmila” is no exception. Not everyone knows that the poem begins with lines in which the author says that he dedicates it to beautiful girls. Then there are the well-known lines about the Lukomorye, the green oak tree, the learned cat, and the mermaid. After this, the work itself begins.
First song
A brief summary introduces the reader to the first chapter. Ruslan and Lyudmila loved each other. The girl was the daughter of the Kyiv prince Vladimir. This is described in the first song; this is exactly what A.S. Pushkin called the 6 chapters. The latter, accordingly, is called “Song Six.”
The author, using the beauty of words, talks about a cheerful holiday on the occasion of the wedding of two people in love. Only three guests were not happy at this feast - Ratmir, Farlaf and Rogdai. They are Ruslan's rivals, as they were also in love with a beautiful girl.
And now the time has come for the newlyweds to be left alone. But suddenly thunder was heard, the lamp went out, everything around shook, and Lyudmila disappeared.
Ruslan is sad. And Vladimir ordered to find his daughter and promised to give her as a wife to the one who brings the girl. Of course, Ruslan’s three enemies could not miss this opportunity and rushed to search, like the newly-minted groom himself.
One day he meets an old man in a cave. He told him the story of his love, that in his youth he was ready to move mountains for a certain Naina, but she kept rejecting the young man. Then he left and spent 40 years studying spells aimed at making a girl fall in love with him. When the elder returned, he saw instead of the maiden the disgusting old woman into which Naina had turned over the years. And she finally warmed up to him. However, old Finn ran away from her, and has since lived in solitude in a cave. He said that Lyudmila was kidnapped by the terrible wizard Chernomor.
Song two
The summary of Pushkin’s poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” has come to the second chapter. From it the reader learns that Rogdai was belligerent, he galloped, sending curses to Ruslan. Suddenly the man saw the rider and chased him. He, barely alive from fear, tried to gallop away, but his horse stumbled and the rider flew into the ditch. Rogdai saw that it was not Ruslan, but Farlaf, and galloped away.
An old woman (it was Naina) approached Farlaf, brought a horse and advised him that for now he should go back and live on his estate near Kiev, because for now Lyudmila is still difficult to find, and then she will not get away from Naina and Farlaf. He listened to the old woman and galloped back.
Further, a brief summary of the book “Ruslan and Lyudmila” will tell the reader where the girl was languishing at that time. Its location was the palace of the villain Chernomor. She woke up on the bed. Three maidservants came silently, dressed and combed the beauty.
Lyudmila sadly went to the window, looked at it, then left the palace and saw a magical garden, which was more beautiful than the “gardens of Armida.” There were picturesque gazebos and waterfalls. After lunch in nature, the girl returned back and saw servants enter the room and carry Chernomor’s beard on pillows, followed by him himself - a hunchback and a dwarf.
The girl was not taken aback, grabbed “Carla by the cap,” raised her fist over him, and then screamed so much that everyone ran away in horror.
And at this time, Ruslan fought with Rogdai who attacked him and defeated the bully, throwing him into the waves of the Dnieper. This continues the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.
The servants were combing the beard of the retreating Chernomor. Suddenly a winged serpent flew into the window and turned into Naina. The old woman said that the sorcerer was in danger - the heroes were looking for Lyudmila. She spoke flatteringly about Chernomor and confirmed that she was completely on his side.
To rejoice, the evil wizard re-entered the girl’s chambers, but did not see her there. The search for servants was also unsuccessful. It turns out that Lyudmila understood what properties the hat has. If you put it on backwards, the person will become invisible, which is what the beauty did. These are the magical accessories Pushkin used in his poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. The very brief summary quickly takes the reader to the next scene.
At this time, the young husband found himself on the battlefield and saw many dead soldiers. He picked up a shield, a helmet, a horn, but could not find a good sword. Not far from the field he saw a large hill, it turned out to be a real head. She told the traveler that she had once been on the shoulders of a hero - Chernomor's brother. But the latter was jealous of his tall and stately brother. Taking advantage of the opportunity, the dwarf cut off his head and ordered his head to be guarded by a sword, which, according to legend, could cut off the sorcerer’s magical beard.
Canto Four
This is how a brief retelling of the contents of “Ruslan and Lyudmila” quickly approached the fourth chapter. Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich first reflects on how wonderful it is that in real life there are not so many wizards. He further says that Ratmir, in search of Lyudmila, came across a castle. There he was met by beauties who fed the knight, surrounded him with attention, tenderness, care, and the young hero abandoned his previous plans to find Vladimir’s daughter. At this point, the author leaves the happy young man and says that only Ruslan continues his chosen path. On the way, he meets a giant, a hero, a witch, defeats them, and does not go to the mermaids who beckon the young man.
Meanwhile, Lyudmila wanders around the sorcerer’s palace in an invisibility hat, but he cannot find her. Then the villain used cunning. He turned into the wounded Ruslan, the girl thought it was her lover, rushed to him, and her hat fell off. At that moment, nets were thrown over Lyudmila, and she fell asleep, unable to resist the witchcraft of Chernomor.
Song five
Soon Ruslan arrives at the villain’s abode. He blows his horn to challenge him to a duel. When the young man raised his head, he saw Chernomor flying above him, holding a mace in his hand. When the sorcerer swung, Ruslan quickly retreated, and the hunchback fell into the snow. The nimble young man immediately jumped up to the offender and grabbed him tightly by the beard.
But Chernomor suddenly soared under the clouds. However, the young man did not let go of his beard, so he also ended up in the sky. They flew like this for a long time - over fields, mountains, forests. The sorcerer asked to let him go, but Ruslan did not do this. On the third day, Chernomor reconciled himself and carried his husband to his young wife. When they landed, the young man cut off the villain’s beard with a magic sword, tied it on his helmet, and put the dwarf in a sack and attached it to the saddle.
The knight went to look for his beloved, but could not find him. Then he began to destroy everything in his path and accidentally took off the girl’s hat. It was the sorcerer who specially put a headdress on her so that the husband would not find his wife.
This is how Ruslan and Lyudmila finally met. The shortened poem approaches the imminent conclusion of the plot. No matter how hard he tried, the betrothed could not awaken the girl from her magical sleep. He put her on his horse and rode home.
Then Ruslan meets a fisherman and recognizes him as Ratmir, who has chosen one of all the beauties, and now lives happily with her in a house on the river bank.
When Ruslan stopped for the night, he was seriously wounded. Farlaf crept up to him, hit him 3 times with a sword, took Lyudmila and was gone.
Sixth Canto
Farlaf brought Lyudmila to the palace and deceived Vladimir, saying that he saved the girl. However, no one was able to wake her up.
Old Finn sprinkled Ruslan with living water, he instantly recovered and hurried to Kyiv, which was attacked by the Pechenegs. The hero fought bravely, thanks to which the enemy was defeated. After that, he touched Lyudmila’s hands with the ring that Finn gave him, and the girl woke up.
The summary is coming to an end. Ruslan and Lyudmila are happy, everything ends with a feast, Chernomor was left in the palace, since he forever lost his villainous power.
Epilogue
The narrative ends with an epilogue in which the author says that in his work he glorified the legends of deep antiquity. He shares his impressions of the Caucasus, describes the natural scenes of this side and is sad that he is far from the Neva.
The poet says that when he worked on a work, he forgot his grievances and enemies. Friendship helped him in this, and, as you know, Pushkin valued it very much.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the issue of creating a heroic poem of a new type - not classicist, but romantic - was seriously considered. The first such experiment was made by V. A. Zhukovsky, in his poem “The Prisoner of Chillon” (1822). But this is a translation of Byron's poem, and not an independent work.
The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" was conceived by Pushkin while still at the Lyceum. He began writing it in 1817. Over the course of 3 years, he wrote 6 songs, which he published while in the Caucasus. In 1824, he added the introduction “There is a green oak at Lukomorye...”. With the exception of Eugene Onegin, he did not work on any work for so long.
The plot of the poem has a fairy-tale basis, much is taken from folklore. The main characters - Ruslan and Chernomor - are reminiscent of "The Tale of Eruslan Lazarevich." Pushkin knew the literary tradition in this area well. He used as a source not only folklore, but also adaptations of Russian fairy tales in the experiments of Levshin, Chirkov and Popov. In particular, the image of Lelya - a forest deity - is not folk, it was created by these authors. Lel is a deity of conventional Slavic mythology, which appeared from songs, which often contained phrases like “lele”, “leli”, “lel”. Pushkin also used the Western European literary tradition. For example, the famous phrase “deeds of days gone by, traditions of deep antiquity,” with which the sixth canto ends, is a translation from the poetry of Ossian, the Celtic bard.
In general, the poem by Pushkin, who used many sources, is an innovative work. “Ruslan and Lyudmila is a kind of experiment. Pushkin’s tasks included “singing heroism alone.” But in the poem the heroic and buffoonish, high and low principles are reunited.
“Low” - This is Lyudmila’s squeal, from which the formidable sorcerer Chernomor runs and gets tangled in his beard, and Farlaf’s fall from his horse into the ditch, and the constant decreases in situations in the text. So, Lyudmila argues that she will die without her beloved, will not eat or drink, and immediately “begins to eat.” Then he sees a fast stream, makes a speech that he will jump there, but he doesn’t jump. There are parodic moments. For example, 12 girls entertaining Ratmir is a parody of the poem “12 Sleeping Maidens” by Zhukovsky.
Pushkin does not seek to reincarnate as Boyan. He easily shifts the time plan and does not even try to stylize the poem as antique. Although we are talking about “deeds of bygone days,” Pushkin allows himself digressions in which he responds to criticism of his first songs.
At the same time, Pushkin strives for conditional historical authenticity. Using Karamzin’s “History of the Russian State” as a historical source, he explains that Prince Ramdai (in Pushkin - Rogdai) is a real person. The material for the sketches of ancient Russian life was taken there (the wedding feast of the Kievites, the battle with the Pechenegs).
With his poem, Pushkin built bridges between classicism and romanticism. It contains elements of a heroic poem.
The characters of the characters are depicted quite vividly. Particularly noteworthy is the image of the party-loving and coward Farlaf, developed more in a comic than in a “villainous” way and reminiscent of the consonance of names and character of Shakespeare's Falstaff. Unlike Zhukovsky's romantic poems, Pushkin's heroes are more real, and not romantically generalized images.
Along with the epic, the poem has a lyrical beginning - the personality of the author-storyteller, who held together all the varied material into an artistic whole. Depending on the content of the chapter, the author's story took on one color or another, but invariably retained a casually playful tone, combining lyricism with irony.
Genre diversity also required diversity of language. Pushkin’s poem was written in line with the poetic language of Batyushkov and Zhukovsky, who developed the traditions of Karamzin’s “new syllable”. The literary language came closer to colloquial speech, but at the same time was within the framework of Karamzin aesthetics. Pushkin removes these restrictions and uses words and “low calm” where he considers it necessary. For this, he received criticism from critics who did not like indecent words and comparisons. As we see, they found fault with the particular, without noticing the general.
With his poem, Pushkin affirmed the romantic principle of creative freedom of the writer about all kinds of pedantic theories and literary conventions.
Good afternoon, dear fairy tale lovers. I again invite you on a fascinating journey into the semantic content of A.S. Pushkin’s poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.
All my thoughts are based on information taken from the Holy Scriptures, from the works of the holy fathers, from the scientific works of modern scientists, from works of art. I don’t claim that this is exactly what our great storytellers wanted to say – I’m guessing.
Baptism of Rus'
From thinking about the meaning of previous fairy tales and cartoons, it became clear that they all figuratively reflect the life of the Universe: the creation of man, man’s disobedience of what was said by the Heavenly Father not to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, which led to the first death, the fall into the world of solid forms - the physical. Next, being in leather clothes, the task was to return to their Heavenly Homeland - to Eden, avoiding the second death - the death of the soul. But what is the poem about?
Ruslan - loving Rus', the spirit of the Russian people, Lyudmila - dear to people - Christian faith. The poem begins with a story about the baptism of Rus'.
“In the crowd of mighty sons with friends in the high grid, Vladimir the sun feasted; He married his youngest daughter to the brave prince Ruslan. Why did Prince Vladimir, the clear sunshine, decide to baptize Rus'? The fact is that at that time the Slavs had their own pantheon of gods. According to tribal traditions, each tribe, honoring all the Slavic gods, singled out one main god, connecting primarily with him the preservation of all social and economic life. As a result, inter-tribal conflicts and strife in the East Slavic world were consolidated in religious form. This weakened Rus' in the fight against its enemies. Vladimir Svyatoslavovich realizes the need for a new religion in order to free Rus' from tribal traditions and strengthen grand-ducal centralism. Vladimir began with a “test of faith.” Then embassies began to come to Rus' and Prince Vladimir slowly chose. He conducted a “test of faith” thoroughly, trying to understand in truth which of the religions was most needed by Rus'. Having settled on Christianity, he first of all gave way to reflection and only after that finally made his choice in favor of Eastern Orthodoxy. (A.F. Zamaleev, E.A. Ovchinnikova “Essays on Old Russian Spirituality”)
Why “the youngest daughter,” although the others are not mentioned in the poem? I assume that we are talking about the transformation of our consciousness: the beginning of human transformation is Faith, then after faith we have Hope and, finally, the highest level of consciousness - Love.
… “Our ancestors did not eat soon”...
The Christian faith gradually, slowly entered the consciousness of people: they looked closely, thought about it. The spirit of the Russian people - Ruslan was already ready to unite with the Christian faith, this would be followed by a “resurrection”, that is, the possibility of returning to Eden. But “the fairy tale is soon told, but the deed is not done soon.”
“Three young knights are sitting at a noisy wedding table;...
...They lowered their embarrassed gaze: they were Ruslan’s three rivals;
In their souls, the unfortunate harbor poison of love and hatred.”
In the soul of each of us, along with qualities of high dignity, nest also such as envy, aggression, lust, laziness, gluttony, etc. These are rivals. At the interstate level everything is the same. The mentality of a country is the united consciousness of its population.
“Only Rogdai, a brave warrior, who with his sword pushed the boundaries of the rich fields of Kyiv; the other is Farlaf, an arrogant loudmouth, undefeated at feasts, but a humble warrior among swords; the last one, full of passionate thought, the young Khazar Khan Ratmir: all three are pale and gloomy and a cheerful feast is not a feast for them.” Co-joy even between close people is rarely manifested sincerely, and interstate relations are even more difficult to build. Which state or group of states corresponds to which of these names, think for yourself, this is the history of our country. Alexander Sergeevich wrote the poem in 1820.
Kidnapping of Lyudmila
“Suddenly thunder struck, light flashed in the fog, the lamp went out, smoke ran, everything around was dark, everything was trembling, and Ruslan’s soul froze.”
... Faith in love according to the teachings of Jesus Christ: “love one another” was not allowed to be quickly realized on earth by dark forces: persecution of Christians began - a sorcerer - the united image of world evil, born of the imperfect consciousness of people, “stole Lyudmila.”
“Oh grief: there is no dear friend! Abducted by an unknown force."
“But what did the Grand Duke say?
Tell me, which of you agrees to jump after my daughter? Whose feat is not in vain, to him I will give her as a wife with half the kingdom of my great-grandfathers.”
"I!" - said the sad groom. “I, I,” Farlaf and joyful Ratmir exclaimed with Rogdai.”
“All four of them go out together. Ruslan languished in silence, having lost his meaning and memory.” The Russian people were given many talents from God from the very beginning. The enemies of the Russian people, those who really did not want dear Love to become a queen on our land, distorted the history of Great Rus'.
Farlaf (the corroded ego of an individual or a state) arrogantly, arrogantly boasted of his future exploits, the Khazar Khan already considered Lyudmila his own, full of the excitement of the young, Rogdai was gloomy, feared an unknown fate, did not seem to crave heroic deeds: he already had experience in the battle with Ruslan - Russia.
“Rivals travel the same road all day long.” We live on the same planet, and universal human values seem to be the same: everyone craves love and considers themselves the most worthy of it. But at some point in history there was a split in Christianity.
“Let’s leave, it’s time! - they said, “we’ll entrust ourselves to an unknown fate.” And each horse, not sensing the steel, chose its own path of its own free will.” A horse “does not sense steel” when its rider controls it uncertainly.
Ruslan's despondency
“What are you doing, unfortunate Ruslan, alone in the desert silence? Leaving the reins from your powerful hands, you walk at a pace between the fields, and slowly in your soul hope perishes, faith fades. But suddenly there was a cave in front of the knight; there is light in the cave." A time of stagnation in the country.
“There is an old man in the cave; clear appearance, calm gaze, gray hair; the lamp in front of him is burning; he sits behind an ancient book, reading it carefully.” Why in a cave? Yes, because knowledge about the Creation of the world, its development, the fate of countries and people, about the true history of the lives of our ancestors until the time of awakening of souls was hidden from the masses of people. Therefore it is said: in the cave there is an old man, that is, a man with an awakened soul who has acquired knowledge about the laws of this world, about the destinies of countries and peoples. He got to know them in order to achieve the love of an earthly woman - this is one layer of information; the next one is that the mind of an earthly person learns the laws of education, the development of the matter of the earth in order to use them for its enrichment, but much more has been revealed.
“Welcome, my son! – he said with a smile to Ruslan. “For twenty years I have been here alone in the darkness of my old life, withering away; but finally I waited for the day I had long foreseen. We are brought together by fate; sit down and listen to me.”
The old man called Ruslan his son for a reason: according to the law of succession of generations, in the language of physics this is the law of conservation of energy, nothing happens by chance, from nothing - the spiritual experience of our pagan ancestors prepared the modern state of our consciousness, and therefore our spirit and soul. The old man is the mind, transfers his experience to the young spirit - Ruslan. This happens in every person and in humanity as a whole: the physical body transfers its life experience to the emotional part of the soul, the emotional body transfers its experience to the mental (mental) part of the soul, and the mind transfers all experience to the spirit. This is how we see the light.
“Ruslan, you have lost Lyudmila; your strong spirit loses strength; but a quick moment of evil will rush by: for a while, doom has befallen you. Go to everything with hope and cheerful faith, do not be discouraged; forward! With your sword and bold breast, make your way to midnight.”
More than once in the life of Russia, the faith of Christ was forgotten, as if hidden, disappeared. But hard years passed and she reappeared, still sweet and beloved, calling for love between all peoples.
“Find out, Ruslan: your offender is the terrible wizard Chernomor”... - this is a combined image of the servants of the dark forces, what we call the earthly pragmatic mind, not yet purified of gross animal qualities. There are states in which a significant part of the population thinks about the world around them from the point of view of its benefits for personal enrichment with material wealth, neglecting moral, ethical and spiritual values.
“No one’s gaze has penetrated his abode until now; but you, destroyer of evil machinations, will enter into it, and the villain will perish by your hand.” In Russia, many immoral laws of other states are not welcomed, and Russian representatives at the international level often highlight - voice the secret insidious actions of some countries against others, when one thing is said from the international platform, but the completely opposite is done.
“Our knight fell at the elder’s feet and kissed his hand in joy. The world brightens his eyes, and his heart has forgotten the torment. He came to life again."
Man and woman
Next, the elder told Ruslan about his life. In his youth, he, a shepherd, was sincerely in love with the beautiful Naina: - and I recognized love in my soul. Naina rejected his love, only loving her charms: - shepherd, I don’t love you! Then he decided to earn Naina’s proud attention with abusive glory. - Rumor spread, the kings of a foreign land were afraid of my audacity! Long-time dreams came true, a bloody sword, corals, gold and pearls were brought to the feet of the arrogant beauty. I stood there as an obedient captive, but the maiden hid from me: “Hero, I don’t love you.” And I, a greedy seeker of love, decided in my joyless sadness to attract Naina with my charms and kindle love in the proud heart of the cold maiden with my magic. But in fact the winner was fate, my stubborn persecutor. I spent invisible years studying sorcerers. Now, Naina, you are mine! The victory is ours, I thought. And suddenly a decrepit, gray-haired old woman sits in front of me, her sunken eyes sparkling, with a hump, with a shaking head, a picture of sad disrepair.
Ah, knight, it was Naina!.. And it really was like that. Mute, motionless before her, I was a complete fool with all my wisdom. In a sepulchral voice, the freak mutters a confession of love to me. Imagine my suffering! But meanwhile she, Ruslan, blinked with languid eyes; traitor, monster! Oh shame! But tremble, maiden thief!”
The Creator placed enormous talents in a man, but the key to unlocking them lies in a woman’s body. The man first turned from a carefree youth into a brave, courageous warrior, but this was not enough: his beloved did not appreciate either his exploits or the gifts brought to her feet. Women's selfishness sometimes knows no bounds, but it also gives meaning to men's lives. The man did not give up: he decided to comprehend all earthly wisdom. This is also a feat in the name of a woman’s love. I knew something, but time passed: Naina grew old, even though he awakened her feelings. But the feelings were awakened by witchcraft, and Naina also admitted to him that she was a witch, that is, their hearts did not open to each other. It turned out to be deception in exchange for love. This is how this world works: our feelings encourage the development of the brain: in order to do something, you need to want it. Our desires gradually become more complex and are the driving force behind the development of the world: first we want enough food, warm shelter, then, having found this, we want beauty, aesthetics, fame. But this is not enough, we become bored and want to know the laws of this world in order to master it. But the world was created by the Creator and He alone can own it. Human exaltation leads to the collapse of both the individual and entire nations infected with this idea. We went through all this in history books (and in the fairy tale about the fisherman and the fish).
“Now I find consolation in nature, wisdom and peace. But the old woman had not yet forgotten her former feelings and turned the late flame of love from annoyance into anger. The old witch, of course, will hate you too; but grief on earth does not last forever.” The feelings in a person must submit to the mind - reason. But this is a slow process. Naina here reflects our feelings, the old man - the mind. These processes occur in humanity as a whole and in the soul of each person: feelings are very difficult to obey the mind. Earthly wisdom will give way to spiritual wisdom when it fulfills its destiny. And Naina somehow resembles America, and the old man resembles Russia. They looked up to America and competed with it. Our scientists and artists found an opportunity there to realize their talents and, in fact, gave them to her. For some reason, even the Russian stabilization fund is located in an American bank.
Ruslan's fight with Rogdai
Rogdai mistook Farlaf for Ruslan and wanted to show heroism. Farlaf fell out of fear into a dirty ditch. The old lady told me where to look for Ruslan. Farlaf was told to sit at home near Kiev in solitude on his ancestral estate and that she would help him get Lyudmila without worries. Yes, hurt feelings are insidious.
Rogdai caught up with Ruslan: prepare, friend, for the death blow. The knights fought fiercely. “Suddenly my knight, boiling, with an iron hand rips the rider off the saddle, lifts him up, holds him above him and throws him into the waves from the shore. Perish! - exclaims menacingly; “Die, my evil envious one!”
“You guessed, my reader, with whom the valiant Ruslan fought: it was the seeker of bloody battles, Rogdai, the hope of the people of Kiev.” I think international events in the coming years will show who (which state or group of states) Alexander Sergeevich named Rogday. Political events of the modern world revolve around Kyiv.
Conspiracy of Naina and Chernomor
Naina made her way to Chernomor like a snake and proposed an alliance: “hitherto I knew Chernomor only by loud rumor; but a secret fate now unites us with common enmity; danger threatens you, a cloud hangs over you; and the voice of offended honor calls me to vengeance.” “With a look full of cunning flattery, the dwarf gives her his hand, saying: we will put Finn to shame.” I’m not saying that, but Naina is very much reminiscent of America: in the recent past everyone aspired to her, but now her position has clearly been shaken. And she, like old Naina, tries to present as many intrigues to Russia as possible. What is Chernomor’s beard, which he boasts so much about to Naina? Perhaps this is the dollar - the international monetary equivalent, perhaps this is the world evil united against Russia.
Trinity in man
“The gray-haired sage shouts after his young friend: “Happy journey!” Forgive, love your wife, don’t forget the elder’s advice.” The developed earthly mind transfers all its knowledge to the spirit while striving towards the Savior. This is how a chain is built: the body submits to the soul (feelings and mind taken together as a single whole, and the soul gives itself into submission to the spirit. The Lord says about this in the Gospel: “where there are three of you for My sake, there I am with you.”
“Whoever is destined by inevitable fate to have a girl’s heart will be sweet in spite of the universe; being angry is stupid and funny.” Like this! This is the knowledge - revelations that the old man learned in the “cave”.
Two brothers
Ruslan met a huge talking head in an open field, fought with it, contrived and fell away. “Then in the empty place the heroic sword sparkled.” The sword here is an image of the wise consciousness of the people. The head is the mind, the elder brother,” Ruslan told how his mind was deceived by his younger brother Chernomor. “Listen,” he slyly told me, “don’t refuse an important service: I found in black books that behind the eastern mountains on the quiet shores of the sea, in a remote basement under locks, a sword is kept - so what? Fear! I understood in the magical darkness that by the will of hostile fate this sword would be known to us; that he will destroy us both: he will cut off my beard, your head.” “Beyond the distant mountains we found a fatal cellar; I scattered it with my hands and took out the hidden sword.” Dialogue between brothers is our internal dialogue between the worst (mundane) in us and between our sublime thoughts, that is, between the mind and reason. In Russia, all sources of information about the origin of the Russians and our centuries-old history were destroyed. But is it possible to destroy something like this irrevocably? A lot of documentary evidence was found in the form of manuscripts and works of art; During excavations on the land of the current European states, in Siberia, many artifacts were found that indicate, without a doubt, the great history of our people. And this is an indisputable fact!
The head gave the sword to Ruslan: “Oh, knight! We keep you with fate, take it and God be with you! Perhaps on your way you will meet Karla, the sorcerer. “Oh, if you notice him, take revenge on treachery and malice!”
The wisdom of the holy fathers says that anger only grows from revenge. Man, as a slave of passions and animal instincts, ignoring the needs of the soul and spirit, is the image of this evil dwarf with a beard. To cleanse your soul of base feelings means to cut off Karl’s beard: there is no dependence, no slavery. And Karla becomes simply an earthly mind, necessary for life in the physical world.
“Ruslan, this unparalleled knight, is a hero at heart, a faithful lover. Tired of stubborn battle, under the heroic head he tastes sweet sleep.” In the modern world, scientists from all countries have made many discoveries that have provided food for our minds - the “heroic head”. These discoveries confirm knowledge about the subtle and spiritual world.
Lyudmila
The main commandment given to us by the Lord: “people, love one another”! But people, with their pragmatic minds, have forgotten about God’s love; love is now called something else. God's true feeling of love remains in us, but as if hidden from the eyes of strangers - under an invisible cap. Love languishes, she feels bad in Karla’s slavery. Lyudmila is waiting for her beloved - the strong spirit of the people, Ruslan - to save her. Carla tricks her into catching her in her net. Lyudmila fell into a wonderful dream from horror. “Behind Faith, Hope awakens, but Love sleeps in deep lethargy.”
Ruslan's fight with the sorcerer
Ruslan entered into battle with Karla and grabbed the villain by the beard. The spirit of the Russian people exposed the dwarf, but he resisted for a long time: he carried the hero through the air for two days. The strong spirit of the Slavs “holds the beard” of world evil.
“Meanwhile, weakening in the air and amazed at the Russian strength, the wizard insidiously says to the proud Ruslan: listen, prince! I will stop harming you; but only with an agreement... - be silent, insidious sorcerer! - interrupted our knight, - with the Black Sea, with the tormentor of his wife, Ruslan does not know the agreement! And be without a beard! - Leave me life, I am in your will. - Humble yourself, submit to Russian power! Take me to my Lyudmila." Ruslan finds his wife sleeping. He's desperate, but Finn's voice revives him. He takes Lyudmila and Karla and goes to Kyiv. On the way he meets his former rival Ratmir, but now as a peaceful fisherman with a young wife. - “The soul is tired of the abusive glory of the empty and disastrous ghost.”
Farlaf's cunning
Ruslan fell asleep at Lyudmila’s feet and dreamed of Vladimir with his twelve sons - which means our Lord, together with the 12 apostles, support the spirit of the Russian people. Farlaf, vice and malice, treachery, on Naina’s tip, killed the sleeping Ruslan. He brought Lyudmila to her father in Kyiv, but could not awaken her - Love can only awaken Love!
Victory of Love
“But at this time, the prophetic Finn (sorcerer, wizard - a person who has learned the laws of controlling earthly energy), the mighty ruler of spirits, in his serene desert with a calm heart, waited for the day of inevitable fate, long foreseen, to arise.” Finn filled one jug with dead water (the laws of the Old Testament), and filled another with living water (the New Testament). He healed the wounds with dead water and restored life in Ruslan by sprinkling him with living water.
“Fate has come true, oh my son! Bliss awaits you; the bloody feast calls you; your formidable sword will strike with disaster; A gentle peace will fall on Kyiv, and there she will appear to you. The powers of the secret spell will disappear. Peace will come, anger will perish. He said he disappeared." Witchcraft is the possession of earthly electromagnetic energy; with the advent of new times and other, more subtle energies, it will lose its power. The Pechenegs (Asians, formerly nomadic tribes) attacked Kyiv, Ruslan inspired with his heroism and the enemy was defeated.
All the events in the poem are somehow strangely structured around Kyiv, wasn’t Alexander Sergeevich writing about our times? The poem was written at the beginning of the 19th century, now outside the window is the beginning of the 21st century! Alexander Sergeevich, in his brilliant images, outlined the essence of what is happening in our world. But the essence is the same - the evolution of consciousness, the awakening of Love in the soul of every person.
Ruslan woke up Lyudmila. Love has triumphed!
The above decoding makes Pushkin’s work in these symbols harmonious and logical from beginning to end. This does not mean that when writing the poem, Pushkin had exactly the same ideas at the level of his own consciousness. The point is that through his unconscious levels of the psyche, through the images and drawings underlying the text, he was given global information from Above, which he reflected in his works. The above transcript is captivating with its logic and degree of correspondence with the text, but does not at all pretend to be exclusive. Such transcripts come to their authors through information channels linked to the channels that once worked for Pushkin, with Pushkin’s egregor.
Among the works of special significance in conceptual terms is the work of A.S. Pushkin's "Gavriliad". It helps to understand the nature of the official proclamation of the Prophets, as well as why there were no Prophets in the history of Russian civilization. The meaning of the Gabrieliad boils down to the fact that the conception of Christ was related to the devilish forces (the Tempter Serpent), egregorial-church forces (Archangel Gabriel) and God the Creator and Almighty. Thus A.S. Pushkin shows that I. Christ was formed and involved simultaneously in three scenarios. He was a Righteous One who received revelations from Above, secondly he is used by egregorial levels, church hierarchies to solve their earthly problems and, finally, by satanic forces raping humanity and shedding rivers of blood with crosses on their chests and the name of Christ on their lips. The righteous, who over the past three thousand years have not been able to fit into the script needed by the healers, are not declared Prophets. In "Gavriliad" the understanding of these processes by A.S. Pushkin demonstrates openly.
With the story of Moses
I don’t agree with my story:
He wanted to captivate the Jew with a fiction,
He lied importantly, and they listened to him.
God rewarded him with a submissive style and mind,
Moses became a famous gentleman,
But believe me, I am not a court historian,
I don’t need the important rank of a Prophet!
A.V.: What do you see as the origins of such a special mission of A.S. Pushkin?
V.A.: A.S. Pushkin, without a doubt, belonged to the systems of priestly initiation. In him, on his father’s side, he combined the knowledge of Holy Russian, Slavic, and on his mother’s side - the ancient Egyptian priesthood. The depth of his penetration into the mysteries of existence can be judged even by individual rare stories, where he gives information in a direct, uncoded form. Think about whether a person who wrote, for example, the following could write fairy tales for children:
Desert sower of freedom,
I left early, before the star;
With a clean and innocent hand
Into the enslaved reins
Threw a life-giving seed -
But I only lost time
Good thoughts and works...
Graze, peaceful peoples!
The cry of honor will not wake you up.
Why do the herds need the gifts of freedom?
They should be cut or trimmed.
Their inheritance from generation to generation
A yoke with rattles and a whip.
Or listen to how he understood the worthlessness of the official branches of government, in particular the legislative branch, in global governance schemes:
I don’t value loud rights dearly,
Which makes more than one head spin.
I don't complain that the gods refused
It's my sweet fate to challenge taxes,
Or prevent kings from fighting each other;
And there is little grief for me,
Is the press free to fool the fools?
Or sensitive censorship
In magazine plans, the joker is embarrassed.
And what is his most accurate algorithm for detuning from enslavement to economic priority through gold and world money? In fact, it provides an algorithm for crisis-free management, which we only have to comprehend and implement in practice:
How does the state get rich?
And what does he live on, and why?
He doesn't need gold
When a simple product has.
Having comprehended these lines, you understand that, contrary to the imposed stereotypes, our money supply should remain unchanged, even if not a single dollar or a single gram of gold remains in the country. And listen to what a cruel sentence A.S. pronounces. Pushkin to the future of usury, which in our time has destroyed the manufacturing sector of Russia with exorbitant usurious loan interest rates reaching up to 210% per annum:
The little imp, tucking his hoof under himself,
Twisted the moneylender by the fire of hell.
Hot fat dripped into the smoked trough.
And the money-lender baked on the fire.
This execution has great meaning:
Always having one acquisition in the subject,
This evil old man sucked the fat of his debtors
And he mercilessly spun them around in your light.
A.V.: In our programs you convincingly showed the essence of the six management priorities of conceptual power. There is also an idea of them in the works of A.S. Pushkin?
V.A.: Yes, that's true. I consider it possible to give answers to your questions directly in the verses of A.S. Pushkin. We are convinced that the priority of military weapons is the weakest; they are used by those who have not mastered the methodology for using information weapons. Now let’s listen to A.S. Pushkin:
Rivals in the art of warfare,
Know no peace among yourselves;
Bring tribute to the dark glory,
And revel in enmity!
Let the world freeze before you,
Marveling at the terrible celebrations:
No one will regret you
Nobody will bother you.
And here is his remark about the interaction of this military priority with genetic weapons:
Has God really given us one thing?
Is there pleasure in the sublunary world?
We are left in consolation
War and muses and wine.
Pushkin’s thought on the fourth priority of essentially world money has already been heard. Let's give his advice to the screenwriters of the third ideological priority.
You, knights of the Parnassian mountains,
Try not to make people laugh
The immodest noise of your quarrels;
Scold - just be careful.
A.V.: Could you give other, more or less obvious decodings of the second semantic series of A.S. Pushkin?
V.A.: You, apparently, remember our special program dedicated to the method of growing, during the 42-year campaign of Moses, zombified administrative periphery of social healer structures, biorobots according to the function they perform on Earth. And here is a reflection of the results of this savage experiment on human genetics in the work of A.S. Pushkin:
He was deafened by the noise of internal anxiety.
And so he is his unhappy age
Dragged, neither beast nor man,
Neither this nor that, nor the inhabitant of the world
Not a dead ghost...
Pushkin clearly and unambiguously speaks about his understanding of the Law of Time that we had previously discovered and the powerlessness of the Global Predictor and previous control algorithms in front of it:
He brings down the stars from the sky,
He whistles - the moon trembles;
But against the TIME OF LAW
His science is not strong.
Seven works by A.S. are filled with special mysticism. Pushkin, written in a single chronological and semantic matrix, ending with the work "Blizzard", which became the musical epigraph of our program. Of these, the “Secluded House on Vasilyevsky” (1828) stands out, followed by a rigid chronological grid:
On October 9, 14 and 20, 1830, “The Undertaker,” “The Station Agent,” and “The Young Lady and the Peasant Woman” were released in succession. Strictly on the same dates
All these seven works are written in the same matrix of images - each of them has seven main characters. Let us give inquisitive radio listeners the opportunity to identify these characters with social phenomena. Let's give some tips:
form of government - widow or widower in all seven works of A.S. Pushkin;
the ruling elite is the image of a dead man in each of the works;
liberal intelligentsia - Vladimir Nikolaevich, Masha's fiancé ("Blizzard");
people - Masha ("Blizzard", "Shot"), Parasha ("House in Kolomna");
ideology before 1917 - Masha's maid ("Blizzard"), Thekla ("Little House in Kolomna");
ideology after 1917 - Mavra (“Little House in Kolomna”); Shmit ("Blizzard")
contenders for leadership of the people - Colonel Burmin ("Blizzard"), the Black Mustache guards ("House in Kolomna").
Today the information left to humanity by A.S. Pushkin, started working. I would like to end today’s program with verses from one of the proponents of the “Dead Water” concept.
