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dental unit This is a set of equipment designed to perform dental tasks.
The main component of the workplace (office) is a dental unit, which in some cases occupies an area of 4 m2 and can be used for:
Preparation of hard tissues of teeth in therapeutic and orthopedic dentistry;
- endodontic treatment of teeth;
- carrying out a number of outpatient and inpatient surgical dental operations;
- prosthetics for patients with removable and non-removable prostheses;
- performing orthodontic procedures.
Modern dental unit(Fig. 7) is equipped with a turbine drill, electric drill, pneumatic drill, has a daylight lamp with adjustable illumination of the working field from 8000 to 28000 lux and other devices that allow the doctor and his assistant to work at the modern level. The tools of the pneumatic and turbine drill are air-water cooled.
In dental drills, three types of drives are used to transmit rotation from the motor to the handpiece:
Rigid multi-link gears with cords (hard sleeves);
- transmissions with flexible wire shafts (flexible sleeves);
- sleeveless transmissions using pneumatic or electric micromotors, which are directly attached to the dental handpiece or built into it.
Rice. 7. Dental unit
Currently, various drills with adjustable rotation speed are used in orthopedic dentistry, which is considered to be (V.N. Kopeikin):
Low (up to 10,000 rpm);
medium (from 25,000 to 50,000 rpm);
high (from 50,000 to 100,000 rpm);
very high (from 100,000 to 300,000 rpm);
ultra-high (over 300,000 rpm).
The experience of using air turbines revealed their positive and negative sides (Schletter P., Durov V.M., 1999).
These mechanisms carry serious problems that are related to:
With the imperfection of the rotor mechanism and the cooling system of the turbine of the old design (they create noise that is dangerous to hearing with a power of 99 decibels);
- the danger of excessive removal of hard tissues at high speeds of rotation of the instrument;
- high (up to 245 C) and detrimental to tooth tissues temperature in the preparation area;
- the formation of an aerosol cloud by the turbine tip, containing, in addition to water, microflora, fragments of hard tissues of the tooth and cutting tools, mucus and fragments of soft tissues;
- the possible retraction of this cloud into the mechanism at the time of shutdown and, accordingly, its ejection in the operating mode to another patient.
The doctor must be aware of these shortcomings and either avoid their manifestation or minimize them. It should be noted that turbine devices have advantages that distinguish them favorably from other installations:
1. There is no need to exert great effort, which significantly reduces the side effect on the pulp and periodontal tissues;
2. The small size of abrasive tools prevents overheating of hard tissues by reducing the area of contact surfaces, also providing tool wear resistance;
3. Reduction of unpleasant sensations in comparison with those noted when using old tools;
4. Reducing preparation time while improving its quality through the use of automated cooling systems (air or air-water).
Dental units can be classified:
1) according to the method of location in the office:
On stationary (see Fig. 7), rigidly fixed to the cabinet floor;
- portable (Fig. 8, a), in which the medical block-module does not have a rigid connection with the chair.
Therefore, a standard mobile complex on wheels and a stable stand with high-speed and low-speed instruments allow the most optimal positioning of it during a patient's appointment.
So, for example, an autonomous portable unit by Medica (Lithuania) makes it possible to modernize older dental units that do not have a turbine. Such a turbine attachment consists of a compressor, voltage stabilizer, water supply system (0.33 l water tank) and air (air pressure in the turbine 0.28-0.35 MPa). In Germany, a series of similar mobile Kavo Modular turbine units is produced with a different number of connected tips, an integrated compressor and a water tank;
2) by the number of attendants (only for a doctor; for the simultaneous work of a doctor and his assistant, i.e. the so-called principle of "four hands" work);
3) according to the method of locating the instrumental block, there are, as a rule, three main options:
Rice. Fig. 8. External view of the portable unit (a) and mobile medical modules (6, B)
Mobile attachment trolleys, which are the most simplified and less expensive tool supply system. They can be moved based on the need for location, reliable in operation, aesthetically designed and can be automated;
- cabinet built-in brackets are suitable for rear and side feed of the instrument. Arms are the most expensive and least mobile of all tool delivery systems and can be built into furniture. The patient, sitting down in a chair, does not see the instrument;
- a doctor's table mounted on a pantographic holder with instruments and a halogen lamp is less aesthetically pleasing and less stable than other types, but provides a large radius of action. Such a table can be easily moved in horizontal and vertical planes, which ensures its convenient location relative to the doctor and the patient, is equipped with micromotor speed and instrument cooling controls, has a large area for placing instruments and semi-finished prosthesis, and is also equipped with a negatoscope for viewing x-rays;
4) according to the method of fastening hoses for handpieces (upper and lower supply);
5) by drive type:
Air for mounting on the handpiece sleeve:
. turbine;
. micromotor;
. with built-in air micromotors, which are installed on the air sleeve through a quick connector;
. special purpose (laser, for beam preparation;
. for endodontic work;
. for periodontal manipulations);
. for professional hygiene (removal of dental plaque; whitening with soda under pressure) and removal of artificial crowns and bridges due to the destruction of the cement layer;
. electric for installation on them of electric micromotors (brushed and brushless) and piezoelectric scalers.
Summarizing all of the above, as an example of a modern stationary dental unit, we can name the Doctor model (Brazil):
With top suspension;
- carrying hydraulic seat;
- two swivel removable armrests and controls on both sides of the backrest;
- foot control;
- automatic return to the "zero" (initial) position;
- joint raising of the seat and simultaneous lowering of the back;
- a luminaire (three-position dimming 24 W, 150 W; maximum 25,000 lux);
- rotary hydroblock (spittoon and cup filler) of the antiseptic water supply system;
- doctor's block-module for three handpieces and an air-jet gun;
- assistant's block-module (air-jet gun, saliva ejector and ejector-type blood ejector).
Another stationary installation Laser-TL differs from the Doctor installation by a lower suspension with a load-bearing hydraulic chair, two swivel removable armrests, foot and manual (on the right side of the backrest) control for 2 movements.
Rice. 9. Portable drill for surgical operations of the company "Esculap" With an autonomous cooling system
It should be especially noted that at present, when designing dental units within the framework of the “all in one” concept, the achievements of information technologies (Planmek units, Finland) are used, which allow adding a display connected to a computer to the traditional configuration.
A drill for surgical manipulations must have a sufficiently large range of rotation speed (from 1000 to 30,000 rpm) in order to dissect not only spongy, but also compact bone, tooth tissues. At the same time, prevention of bone damage from overheating when using cutters, burs is achieved in different ways:
Cooling the rotating instrument and the bone tissue in contact with it with a chilled sterile saline solution;
- a decrease in the speed of rotation of the cutting tool as its diameter increases;
- observance of the intermittent mode of operation without strong pressing of the instrument to the bone;
- use of sharp cutters, burs.
Taking into account these requirements, the best option is to equip the surgical room, the operating room with portable electric drills with a rotation speed of 1000 to 30,000 rpm, adjustable gear, having a reversible device (allows you to change the direction of rotation), and an autonomous unit for cooling the cutting instrument with saline solution ( Fig. 9).
In the absence of a drill with an autonomous cooling system, you can use a universal dental unit (US-3O) or a portable electric drill and a standard medical system for intravenous administration of disposable fluid. In this case, the assistant regulates the supply of saline cooling during the operation.
Turbine drills should not be used for surgical operations due to the possible occurrence of tissue emphysema.
Dental office
Under the editorship of Professor Trezubov V.N.
Installations of Chinese and Brazilian production are generally of low cost. The leaders of the middle segment are South Korea and some Italian and German brands. Japanese, Italian and German manufacturers have firmly occupied their niche in the Hi-End class.
Package types
This criterion is the most common in the classification of dental units. Devices can be divided according to a number of features.According to the method of arranging the patient chair:
- hydraulic (less reliability is offset by low cost);
- electromechanical (long service life, but the price is quite high).
- The tool is fed from above. A convenient mechanism quickly returns the instruments to their original position, but the sleeves of the system, limited in length, can interfere with the doctor's work.
- Bottom supply of tools. The dentist gets even more freedom of movement, but the bur tips can fall out of the socket, and the part itself is prone to imperceptible contamination.
- Air. Suitable for micromotor, turbine and laser handpieces. Machines of this type are usually equipped with an air-to-water cooling system.
- Electrical. Serve for fixing piezoelectric scalers of electric and micromotors.
- With a vacuum suction system (with a separator). Designed to collect saliva, blood and various solid particles that form in the patient's mouth during the doctor's work.
- With injector suction system. They have higher power, and, as a result, more power consumption of the compressor.
- The spitting bowl is equipped with a swivel mechanism. The option is more hygienic and comfortable for the patient.
- The spitting bowl is stationary. This design provides a cost advantage.
- There are two main pedals. One of which allows you to adjust the patient chair and the other - to control the instrumentation.
- Several optional pedals are available to allow the dentist to work easier and faster, but greatly increase the installation cost.
Unit of instruments ("UNIT") - the main unit of the dental unit contains instruments for manipulations in the oral cavity. It can be equipped with a lighting unit for instruments with fiber optic illuminators.
Depending on the speed of rotation of the drill, the motors are divided into:
- low speed motors- provide the rotation speed of the rotary tool from 10,000 to 30,000 rpm.
- High speed rotary (turbine) tools - provide rotary tool speeds from 300,000 to 500,000 rpm.
- Other tools- a scaler (a tool for removing dental deposits), a polymerization lamp (for polymerization of photopolymers), etc.
- Control unit - consists of:
· pedals and
· control panels, serves to control all installation systems (chair position, instrument rotation speed and other parameters).
Hydroblock.
- Spittoon- designed for disposal of saliva and other liquids into the sewer system, equipped with a flush system.
- Glass shell - designed to fill a glass with water for rinsing the mouth. Equipped with a filter to clean the incoming water.
- Saliva ejector- designed to dispose of saliva and other liquids directly from the patient's mouth into the sewer system.
- Vacuum cleaner- designed to dispose of the aerosol mixture formed in the oral cavity during the operation of high-speed (turbine) handpieces. They are equipped only with installations with high-speed tools.
- Water-air pistol- designed for drying with a stream of air and irrigation of the oral cavity with water or a water-air mixture.
-Lighting block - consists of:
· halogen lighting lamp to illuminate the work area and
· bracket, allowing you to raise, lower, rotate in a horizontal plane and hold the lamp in a given position. Surgical units can be equipped with shadowless lamps.
The stomatologic chair - is intended for placement of the patient. Moves in a vertical plane (raises and falls) to provide a height convenient for the doctor to work. The back of the chair is also able to rise and fall (to give the patient the desired inclination or lying position). The headrest provides positioning of the patient's head in the horizontal and vertical planes.
The compressor - is intended for supply of compressed air to turbine tips and a water-air gun.
Dentist's table - designed to accommodate tools, appliances and apparatus during work. Equipped with wheels for ease of movement. Recently, the “bedside table”, which has several drawers with sets of tools for various manipulations, has become widespread.
Dentist's chair - consists of a soft seat, a semi-lunar back, rotating around the axis of the chair, acting as a support for the back, wheels for easy movement of the chair, a fixing device that does not allow the chair to move after the doctor has taken a working position. The assistant's chair is 15-20 centimeters higher than the doctor's chair (the assistant looks at the working field without blocking the doctor's view).
Classification of dental units
1. According to the method of location in the office:
· stationary rigidly fixed to the cabinet floor
dental unit
· portable , in which the doctor's unit does not have a rigid connection with the chair, which allows it to be optimally positioned during the patient's appointment.
In some cases, the portable unit allows you to upgrade older dental units.
The appearance of a portable installation
2. By the number of service personnel:
· only for the doctor;
· for simultaneous work of a doctor and an assistant - the so-called principle of work in "four hands".
Workplace of a dentist
3. According to the way the tool block is located:
· mobile trolleys , represent the most simplified and less expensive tool feed system. They can be moved based on the need for location, performance and aesthetics, and can be automated.
Appearance of mobile medical modules
· cabinet built-in brackets- suitable for feeding the tool from behind and from the side. Arms are the most expensive and least mobile of all tool delivery systems and can be built into furniture. The patient, sitting down in a chair, does not see the instrument.
· a doctor's table mounted on a pantographic holder with instruments and a halogen lamp less aesthetic than other types, but provides a large radius of action: the table moves in horizontal and vertical planes, which ensures its convenient location relative to the doctor and patient, and is also equipped with negatoscope , to view x-rays.
4. According to the method of attaching the hoses:
· T - type
Modules per unit are arranged vertically - bottom feed.
dental unit
· S-type
Modules are arranged horizontally - top feed.
5. Depending on the configuration, dental complexes are divided into three main classes:
- economical;
- average;
- high class.
Economy class dental complexes completed the minimum required a set of equipment, instruments and accessories that are used for basic therapeutic and orthopedic operations.
The economy class complex includes:
- patient chair; (see below.)
- mounted dental unit;
- clean water system;
- dental compressor;
- doctor's chair
Mounted dental unit as part of the dental complex, it is intended for therapeutic and orthopedic operations when providing dental care to the patient, it is mounted on the side panel of the chair using a special adapter.
The installation consists of the following main blocks:
Tip holders (turbine tip, micromotor, gun);
dental lamp;
Spittoons with saliva ejector and foot control pedal;
Water and air supply systems.
Tip holder block includes:
A three-functional gun that supplies water, air or a mixture of them to the tooth treatment area;
Pneumatic turbine handpiece with a bur rotation frequency of at least 300,000 rpm and water-air cooling of the tooth treatment zone;
- pneumatic micromotor with a burr speed of up to 20,000 rpm.
Pneumohydraulic equipment that provides the supply of working and cooling air, as well as cooling water to the tips.
On the block panel the knobs for adjusting the spray pattern of the cooling mixture, the pressure of the working air, as well as the main toggle switch for turning the unit into operation, are removed. To control the working air pressure, the unit is equipped with a manometer.
The block is mounted on a pantograph device, which, at the physician's discretion, can hold it in any position within a range of at least 400 mm vertically and rotate freely in two planes.
Dental Light Unit provides an adjustable degree of illumination of the tooth in the range from 10 to 20 kLux. The lamp is mounted on its own pantograph device, which ensures its movement in three planes and retention in any position chosen by the doctor.
spittoon block with a saliva ejector and a foot control pedal provides washing of the bowl of the spittoon, supplying water to the patient's mouthwash cup and suction of saliva during therapeutic or orthopedic operations. Washing the bowl has an automatic time adjustment of the flow of water into the bowl, achieved through the use of a pneumatic time switch in the design. Filling the glass with water is carried out after pressing the corresponding button.
The design of the saliva ejector has an ejector that runs on compressed air. It is switched on by pressing the foot pedal. Depending on the impact force, the performance of the saliva ejector is regulated.
All of the above units are mounted on a common rack, which provides the necessary access for maintenance, diagnostics and sanitization.
Clean water system. To increase the durability of the tips and the complex as a whole, as well as to exclude patient infection, a system was introduced into the design of the dental unit that supplies clean distilled water to the tips to cool the tooth treatment area, as well as a three-functional dental gun.
Dental compressor is designed to supply the dental complex with compressed air purified from chemical and mechanical impurities. The design of the compressor is equipped with its own system of reduction and purification of air from mechanical impurities and condensed moisture. The compressor is powered from an alternating current network with a voltage of 220 V, a frequency of 50 Hz. The sound pressure level of the operating compressor does not exceed 40 dBA.
Chair for a dentist. The chair contains:
Base;
Rack on which the seat is attached;
Dental complex of the middle class.
Dental complex middle class differs from the economy class in that in its design, in addition to the already existing turbine handpiece and micromotor, there is:
· tip for removal of dental deposits , as well as
· dental polymerizer (halogen lamp for photopolymerization of all types of light-sensitive filling, restorative and auxiliary dental materials).
An assistant's place and a block with a pistol, as well as a suction system are provided. The chair is not programmable, but it can be set both from the operator's seat and from the assistant's seat. Mandatory foot control. Armrests are short. It is possible to rotate the chair. The back of the chair is shortened, narrowed at the bottom.
Middle class dental complex
Dental complex of high class.
Dental complex high class includes, in addition to the complete set of dental complexes of an economical and middle class:
- turbine handpiece with illumination of the tooth treatment area (fiber optics) and with push-button fixation of the bur;
- hanging table for tools;
- system of sterilization of tips;
- negatoscope;
- mounted x-ray unit.
The chair for the patient provides a possibility of programming of position; has 2 control panels (necessarily foot); short armrests.
KNOW!
The dental unit should have light, mobile, control units for the doctor-operator and his assistant placed at a convenient height. Hanging table for tools is located at arm's length.
The light source provides illumination of the surgical field, sufficient in area and intensity. The luminaire should be easily displaced in height, angle of inclination, well fixed in a given position.
When lifting the chair, all control units, instrument table and lamp must move simultaneously. Their fixation must be rigid, ensuring the absence of deformations.
Class 1 (economical) is intended for the work of a doctor without an assistant, the patient is mainly in a sitting position. Such installations are needed for dentists working in rural medical areas, in the field.
2nd, 3rd grade provides for work in 4 hands with the involvement of an assistant.
The most frequent questions of our customers: "How to choose a dental unit?", "Which options settings to pay attention to?”, “Which dental units it is better?”, “Which dental units more profitable? etc.
Stomatological installation– without a doubt, the most important element of the dental clinic. Therefore, in this article we will try to define clear criteria, according to which you can confidently make the right choice. And before looking for an answer to this question, you need to decide which dental unit exactly what you need:
- the doctor of which dental specialty will work on it ( therapist, surgeon, orthodontist, etc.);
- what budget you are ready to allocate for it;
- what color of installation is needed; etc.
So let's start with the price.
Models currently on the market cost from 89,000 rubles to 1,680,000 rubles. Those. the difference is almost 20 times. Naturally, there are serious differences between them in terms of functionality, but whatever they are, NOT everyone is ready to pay for installation. more than one and a half million rubles. The most expensive models, as before, produce world famous brands: KaVo (Germany), Ritter (Germany), Sirona (Germany), A-dec(USA), Antos (Italy), etc.
Stomatological installations of the middle class also known to all: OMS(Italy), Takara Belmont (Japan), range of models A-dec (USA) etc.
Already with confidence here can be attributed to the Korean manufacturer Hallim Dentech, which has been producing products of a good European level for several years. Slightly below middle class you can bring all Slovak manufacturers: Slovadent, Chiromega, Mediprogress. These are well-known and reliable brands that have one more indisputable advantage ( we will talk about it below). And the lower price range of dental units - These are Chinese and Brazilian manufacturers. And now, in that order. And some of the Chinese manufacturers even match the level of European brands.
What are the differences besides the price?
To understand what you need, let's take a closer look at how the main elements of the dental unit differ: the patient's chair, the doctor's unit, the assistant's unit ( hydraulic block and suction system) and pedal ( or pedals) doctor. So, patient chair There are two types of chair drives in dental units: hydraulic and electromechanical. By most parameters, an electromechanical chair is more reliable. In addition, it is important to pay attention to such parameters as:
- chair cover ( upholstery material, its mechanical and chemical resistance);
- number and type of armrest mechanism;
- chair movement characteristic ( smooth running, number of programs).
This is how the doctor's block looks like with the bottom feed The doctor's work is also affected by how many instruments are on the doctor's block. This is directly related to the time required to treat one patient. If there are few sleeves, then time is spent on changing the tool. The following instruments can be attached to the dentist element: - air-to-water pistol ( it usually comes as standard) - turbine handpiece - air or electric micromotor - air or electric scaler - second micromotor or turbine - electrocoagulator - photopolymerizer For the usual complex of therapeutic works is enough minimum set of tools (the presence of three sleeves - for the air-water gun, for the micromotor and for the turbine). Further equipment of the block with instruments depends on the type of installation, the desire of the doctor and the range of therapeutic measures carried out by him and financial possibilities. 
The question is not entirely about installations, but it almost always arises when there is a need for a complete set: choose air or electric motor? The criterion is simple electric motor more power, if you need it, then choose it. The same goes for scalers.: air scalers are of course cheaper. And European manufacturers (W&H, KaVo) make them of good quality. However, if you opt for Asian manufacturers, then we recommend using piezoelectric ones. Their higher power will greatly save treatment time. assistant block The assistant block consists of two interrelated elements:
- hydroblock (with spittoon and cup filler)
- suction systems.
Assistant unit with instruments and control panel Also, an additional control panel and various auxiliary tools can be located on the assistant's block. Usually the assistant's tools and the control panel are taken out separately on a movable arm. spittoon bowls are stationary and rotary. They are usually made of ceramic or glass. Ceramic with swivel mechanism, although the most expensive, but comfortable and meet high hygienic requirements. Suction systems required for liquid evacuation ( saliva, blood, etc.) and solid particles ( fragments of teeth, filling materials) from the patient's mouth, there are two types: injector and vacuum. injection system suction is based on the principles of hydrodynamics: a specially created air flow captures air from a given volume, thereby a reverse air flow is carried out. When choosing an injector suction system, it must be remembered that when using air suction, additional air consumption occurs, which is reflected in the compressor power ( the compressor must be selected taking into account suction systems). vacuum system suction is based on the creation of vacuum by the compressor in the system. When using a vacuum system, you must use suction separator. In addition to saliva, secretion and blood pumps, additional tools can be installed on the assistant’s block: an air-to-water gun, a light curing lamp, etc.
- Solids collector - separates solids from the water stream and prevents clogging of the sewer.
- Amalgam separator - allowing amalgam to be retained and collected in a separate container.
- Water and air heating system for air-to-water gun
- Hygienic system - monitors the cleaning of suction hoses
- Disinfection system - allows you to disinfect incoming water and systems for supplying saline or autonomous water to instruments, etc.
- patient chair control
- tool management
Universal criteria for choosing a dental unit
That. the required equipment and, accordingly, the price depend on how wide a profile of work you are going to perform on the installation. It is important to understand that good equipment can be hung on all installations, but expensive models differ:
- more electronics (instrument control, pressure measurement, control of the chair and its individual parts, headrest, programming options)
- higher quality materials (upholstery, hoses, plastics, etc.)
- additional convenient features (automatic disinfection of all hoses, water heating, pedal functionality)
- the lower model range of German Ritter installations ( Excellence, Superior New- they really assembled at a factory in Germany, taking into account all the requirements and standards for quality, it is simple to assemble components made in China)
- Fona dental units (the exact opposite situation - at a very good Chinese plant, installations are made from German components, due to which it turns out very high quality equipment )
- Premier dental units (also, one of the leaders of the Asian market, initially focused on quality )
- Dental units Azimut (China)
- Dental units Luck (China)
- Chiromega dental units
- Dental units Slovadent
- Dental units Mediprogress
- A-dec Dental Units (USA)
- Dental units Takara Belmont (Japan)
- Upper models of Ritter Dental Units (Germany)
- OMS dental units (Italy)
- Dental units Hallim Dentech (South Korea)
On our website, the site presents dental units and additional equipment for them from manufacturers of the middle price group Takara Belmont (Japan) and OMS (Italy), a wider range of top quality units (Planmeca Finland, KaVo Germany) and equipment kits for them can be seen in our full price list.
