Autumn garden decoration - chrysanthemums, this is a real joy for most summer residents. Already many plants are suitable only to cover the beds with their dry tops, and your flower beds continue to burn with gold. Of course, growing chrysanthemums outdoors is a very rewarding experience that definitely won't get in the way of any grower. A bright, unpretentious flower with a tart smell is a generous gift from nature that will prolong the summer days.
Choice number one
Among the variety of garden flowers, chrysanthemum stands out. The choice of varieties is simply amazing, while each of them is very beautiful in its own way. They don't call her the queen of autumn for nothing. Today we will talk about how chrysanthemums are grown in open ground. It's not too difficult, bright flowers will readily grow in almost any conditions. Having correctly composed the composition, you will enjoy the colorful splendor for many years in a row.
Varieties and varieties
Lush, fragrant inflorescences can not only bring variety to the backyard, they also change the life of the gardener. According to legend, they inspire optimism even in the most dull person. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is a magical activity, and it is almost impossible to stop in the choice of forms. Every time you buy another bag of seeds, you are surprised at the magnificent color of the flowers, their durability, the height of the plant, the shape of the leaves, and the degree of doubleness. And over and over again acquiring sets of seeds of different varieties, you can be sure that they will not be repeated.
If you want to see a really bright and elegant flower bed, then you definitely need to combine different varieties and shapes with each other. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is the same, no matter what kind of heads you will enjoy in the fall. The combination of curb and tall bushes in the background looks best.
Location selection
Excellent growth and lush flowering - it all depends on you. Chrysanthemum is not too demanding, but very thermophilic plant. First of all, you need to choose a suitable place for her. It must be remembered that these flowers do not tolerate moisture retention and do not tolerate dark areas very well. Therefore, the lowlands are more places for lily of the valley. Choose open, sunny areas that are slightly elevated. Dampness will cause plants to die in winter, and lack of lighting leads to deformation of the green part.
Growing chrysanthemums outdoors for sale is even more interesting, as plots sell like hot cakes in the spring. However, the requirements for conditions in this case are even higher. After all, you definitely need to get a good result. For excellent flowering and rapid growth, the plant simply needs good soil. Only the optimal composition of microelements will allow you to get powerful bushes with magnificent heads. They love loose and permeable soil rich in organic matter. Therefore, if you want to prepare a place for plants in advance, dig a planting hole, fill in drainage and humus, and good, fresh soil on top. And during the warm period, be sure to apply seasonal top dressing. However, you should not be zealous. With an overabundance of nitrogen and phosphorus, the plant becomes fat. You will have huge bushes without flowers.
Sale of cut flowers
This is a very profitable business, so it is worth considering if you are seriously interested in growing chrysanthemums outdoors. Features of the variety Valentina Tereshkova, Alec Bedser suggest the formation of large inflorescences. Huge flowers on strong stems can keep fresh for a long time in vases.
Moreover, they continue to delight us with bright colors even after the onset of cold weather. Here it is necessary to clarify: the warmer the climate, the easier it will be to grow such hybrids. Quite the opposite is the case in regions with a harsh climate. Where can you easily organize the cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field? The Kirov region with a mild climate, without sharp fluctuations, is ideal. Here you do not have to stress the plants every time, dig them up in the fall and plant them again in the spring. Thanks to this, the bushes respond with stunning flowering.
In Siberia, large-flowered chrysanthemums are planted in large pots, which are dug into the ground for the summer. With the onset of autumn cold weather, they are transferred to a room where the temperature remains around -5 degrees all winter. This way you will ensure beautiful flowering every year.
Landing
Growing chrysanthemums outdoors for sale assumes that you will occupy a fairly large area of \u200b\u200byour garden for cultivation. May is the best time to decorate a flower bed. Before the onset of cold weather, the plants will have time to get stronger.
In addition, it is very important not to plant bushes in flowering form. In mid-October, such a landing is guaranteed to lead to the death of the plant. If you bought planting material late, then it is better to leave the flowers not in the open field, but indoors. A dry basement with a stable temperature is fine. But they will not tolerate dampness and low temperatures.
Some gardeners specifically arrange high beds. There is one trick here that will allow the mother plants to overwinter well and wake up very early in the spring. The bottom layer of the beds is poured from fresh manure, and on top there is already a layer of fertile soil. Burning out, it will give a lot of heat, which will allow the plants to bloom until late autumn, and with good shelter they will survive even in the most severe frosts.
Making a flower bed
With the onset of steady heat, the chrysanthemum wakes up on the street. Growing conditions in should include wintering in its permanent place. To do this, the gardener makes sure that there is no rotting of plants, that is, a flower bed must be created on a hill. With the onset of cold weather, the roots of plants are mulched, covered with hay or sawdust. From above - they fall asleep with snow, and your plantings can safely survive the whole winter.
In the spring, with the onset of heat, it is necessary to remove all covering materials, after which the plantings will start to grow. If the planting material was stored in the cellar, at the end of May it is time to prepare it for planting. Just at this time, the first frosts end.
Planting must be carried out by variety. Be sure to provide your flower bed with labels or other markers. Complex fertilizer, for example, well-rotted manure, is preliminarily added to the prepared trench. All that's left is proper care. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is not difficult, even an amateur can handle it.
So, the distance between planted plants should be from 30 to 50 cm. The larger the bush is planned, the more space it needs to leave for growth and development. Planting and transplanting must be done with a large clod of earth. Immediately after this, the earth should be abundantly watered with a solution of "Kornevin" or any other drug that promotes growth.
The climate of central Russia
In order for beautiful flowers of chrysanthemums to turn out in the fall, in the summer they need to be provided with proper care, regular watering and top dressing. The cultivation of chrysanthemums in open ground in the Moscow region is especially good. With high-quality shelter, they calmly endure frosts up to 30 degrees, and with the onset of spring they delight you with excellent flowers. Growing mother plants is very easy. We will now consider one of the options, and you will understand that any gardener can have a piece of the sun on his site.
These plants root very easily. Growing chrysanthemums in open ground in the Moscow region is also facilitated by the fact that every year you can get new plants from part of old ones or from green cuttings. Young root shoots, side shoots on old stems - all this is the material for a new bush.
There is a slight subtlety here. It is undesirable to leave plants in one place for a long time. We have already said that they do not like to be disturbed during the flowering period. This is true. But once every two years they need to be planted in good fertile soil. Otherwise, it loses its attractiveness, the branches become woody. However, if the bush has already lost its charm, it can become a parent for an entire flower bed.
Growing technology in the Urals
Here the climate is not so much harsh as unpredictable. Heavy snowfalls and frosts, winds and prolonged drought - all this makes growing chrysanthemums in the open field in the Urals a little more difficult. To make life easier for the gardener, you can advise the following option. After flowering, the stems from the mother bushes are cut with secateurs. Hemp 10-15 cm should remain. Bushes for the winter must be covered with peat crumbs, along with manure. The height of the layer should be 10-15 cm. For insulation, what is left after cleaning the garden is laid on top. These are tops and branches. In winter, snow accumulates on them.
spring work
With the onset of spring, it is necessary to remove the tops and branches. But peat sweeping is not necessary at all. This is mulch and fertilizer, without which it will be difficult to wait for good flowering. After the root growth has appeared, it is removed with a pruner. It turns out cuttings 6-7 cm long. They need to be dipped in the Kornevin solution and planted on a bed with well-fertilized soil, on top of which there is a layer of sand (about 2 cm).
Every day it is necessary to spray and water the cuttings. From above you need to stretch the film and be sure to organize shading from bright, sunny rays. Do not forget to ventilate, and after 2 weeks your plantings will give good roots.
Young plants are planted in a permanent place in May, when the threat of frost has passed. Remember to water and mulch the soil well. As soon as the height of your plants reaches 15 cm, the most painstaking work begins. To get a tall stem with a lush flower, be sure to pinch all the side shoots and buds, leaving one. Moreover, the choice is not always obvious, the central one may turn out to be underdeveloped or ugly, so you need to carefully monitor your plant.
Gardening in Siberia
This is both a complex and very exciting process. Growing chrysanthemums in open ground in Siberia is quite possible, but additional tasks fall on the gardener. First of all, you need to choose winter-hardy varieties. It can be an early Cream or Raspberry chrysanthemum, pink Perlinka or a Gift. They need to be planted on a high, dry bed, but even this does not guarantee a successful wintering.
We have already talked a lot about outdoors. Preparation for winter should be carried out very carefully. Since autumn, the plants are pruned, covered with humus and covered with spruce branches. But even in this case, it is impossible to guarantee that the flowers will overwinter safely. It happens that the cold season is unusually mild. Then there is a risk that the plants will wake up very early and may die from excess moisture under the covering material. Another time, on the contrary, the ground freezes by 2 meters, which means that the chances of survival for chrysanthemums are even less. Therefore, the only option is to take the mother bushes to a cool place. It could be a basement or a garage.
In late autumn, when the first frosts hit, the chrysanthemum is carefully dug up and placed in a 5-liter bucket. In this case, it is recommended to cut off the entire above-ground part. You can leave only lignified stumps 10-15 cm high. The dug out mother liquors must be removed to the cellar and kept at a temperature not higher than +2 degrees. Somewhere at +4, chrysanthemums will begin to sprout, which is highly undesirable.
Growing a new variety
If you are lucky enough to get good seeds, you can plant amazing plants on the site, for which all the neighbors will come to you. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors from seeds is not at all too difficult. In this way, you can grow both an annual and a perennial that will decorate your garden for a long time.
Both the first and second need to be planted in early spring. At the beginning of March, you should already have shallow boxes filled with earthen mixture on the windows. It is advisable to take ready-made, but you can cook it yourself. To do this, take greenhouse land, humus and peat. All this needs to be ignited or steamed.
Now let's start sowing. fall asleep to a depth of 0.5 cm, and perennials are simply left on the surface. Now the crops need to be watered, covered with glass and put in a warm place. Periodically, crops are checked and sprayed with water.
Planting in open ground
The gardener will have to tinker with his seedlings for a long time before they become beautiful flowering bushes. When the seedlings have emerged, they are most often very densely packed. Therefore, as soon as the second pair of leaves appears, you need to make a pick in separate cups. At the same time, try not to crush the stem. Now the care of young seedlings consists in timely watering. It is advisable to carry out hardening, that is, to take out the boxes on the balcony.
As soon as the threat of frost has passed, you need to plant seedlings in open ground. Remember that the chrysanthemum is very fond of light and warmth. Leave dark corners to other plants, and give her a place in the middle of the site. It is in such conditions that she will reveal all her beauty. And one more thing: immediately after the transplant, you need to pinch all the tops. This is not the last procedure in this season. As soon as the side shoots grow by 15-20 cm, they also need to "remove their heads". Then you will get compact bushes with many inflorescences. They will please you with a long and very abundant flowering.
For newbies
If this is your first year of gardening, then growing a small-flowered chrysanthemum in the open field will be a great option for you. These vibrant, daisy-like blooms make a wonderful fall addition to your garden. It should be noted that they are unpretentious and in a temperate climate do not need warm winter quarters. But in the conditions of Siberia, it is impossible to give a 100% guarantee that your plants will survive the winter. If the ground freezes too much, then most likely they will not wake up.
To do this, you can leave 2-3 mother plants that can be taken out to the cellar. And even easier - sow annuals. They will delight you until the very cold and even after the first snow they will remain bright and fresh. And then you can simply remove them and make room for new landings. In this case, you are not limited in your imagination. Flowerbeds can differ in shape and content every year.
There is a widespread belief that the chrysanthemum is a capricious flower and its cultivation is a troublesome task. This statement is absolutely not true. To answer the question: how to save chrysanthemums in winter, you need to determine which garden group your chrysanthemum belongs to.
Korean or bush. This group of chrysanthemums is the most hardy, unpretentious and winter-hardy; for the similarity of its leaves with oak trees, it was popularly called "oaks". This group is ideal for beginner gardeners, and even with minimal care, it will delight with long and long flowering.
Indian or large-flowered. This group of chrysanthemums is a cut flower and the most time-consuming to grow. To obtain large flowers, it requires shaping and constant care. Due to complex agricultural technology and low winter hardiness, it is very rare.
Spherical or multiflora. A relatively new group of chrysanthemums, which quickly became widespread. A distinctive feature of this group is the genetically incorporated spherical shape of the bush.
Preparing for the winter
Regardless of which garden group your chrysanthemum belongs to, at the end of August - September, a number of preparatory activities should be carried out for a successful wintering:
- Chrysanthemum bushes should be checked for the presence of pests and diseases and, if necessary, carried out appropriate treatment, because, as you know, strong and healthy plants will better endure wintering.
- Feed the bushes with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, for example, "Potassium Monophosphate", which will increase the frost resistance of plants.
- When a steady cold snap sets in, prune the plants, leaving stumps no more than 10 cm high.
Wintering
There are 3 options for wintering chrysanthemums: in the open field, basement or indoors.
Wintering in open ground. This method of wintering is suitable only for winter-hardy varieties belonging to the group of Korean chrysanthemums.
After preliminary pruning, the bushes must be spudded from all sides. It is very important when performing this process to prevent the formation of pits in which water can accumulate.
Important! Water is the most terrible enemy of chrysanthemum bushes in the winter-spring period. Its accumulation will cause wetting and damping of the bushes in the spring.
Many varieties of chrysanthemums successfully winter in the garden until spring under the snow without building additional shelter, it will be enough just to spud them. But if your region is characterized by frosty winters with little snow, then for a successful wintering you need to build a simple shelter.
To equip the shelter, bricks are placed on the sides of the bush, if there are several bushes, then a whole row can be laid out of them. A wide board, a sheet of slate or iron is placed on top, which it is desirable to press down with something heavy to exclude the possibility of them being blown away by the wind. Thus, you have built a shelter that protects against water ingress and is well ventilated from the sides.
Many use another way to shelter plants for the winter. When stable frosty weather sets in, the bushes are covered with coniferous spruce branches or, in its absence, with tree branches, which are then covered with leaves. For shelter, you can also use artificial materials, such as "Spunbond".
Attention! As a shelter, you can not use sawdust or peat, which have the ability to accumulate and retain moisture, which will inevitably lead to the damping of plants.
Wintering in the basement or cellar. This wintering method is suitable for heat-loving chrysanthemums belonging to the Indian or multiflora groups, it is also used for especially valuable varieties in order to exclude the possibility of their loss.
When persistent frosts occur, the pruned bushes are dug out of the garden and, together with an earthen clod, are placed in boxes or pots, which are placed in a basement or cellar for further storage, where a low positive temperature is maintained throughout the winter.
Attention! With this method of storage, the bushes are very often affected by various rots, so they must be periodically inspected and, if necessary, treated with fungicides.
Wintering indoors. This wintering method is used mainly for late-flowering varieties from the Indian and spherical groups, which do not have time to open buds in open ground conditions.
At the onset of the first frost, these varieties are dug out of the garden, placed in containers of suitable size and transferred to a bright, cool room. Spherical chrysanthemums look especially beautiful in pots.
After the end of flowering, watering is reduced, the plants are pruned, and for further wintering, pots with plants are placed in a place with a temperature not higher than 5 degrees.
Attention! Chrysanthemum necessarily requires a dormant period at low temperatures. If this condition is not observed, the plants are exhausted and bloom not so abundantly.
Many flower growers are scared off by the need to clean the roots of chrysanthemums for the winter. But after all, the very same dahlias or gladiolus, which are widespread in gardens, also require annual digging and storage at low temperatures, especially since chrysanthemum planting material is stored much better than ever-rotting tubers.
Regardless of which storage method you choose, none of them will give a 100% guarantee of the preservation of the roots until spring. Experienced flower growers use a combined wintering method to preserve the most valuable varieties, some of the bushes are covered and left in the open ground, some are dug up.
Your brownie.
In autumn, gardeners are actively engaged in pruning, sheltering and transplanting plants. You can not ignore the chrysanthemums. Without preparation for winter, they will die.
Flower care is:
- top dressing;
- sanitary cleaning;
- treatment for cortical damage;
- pruning;
- shelter.
top dressing
It is necessary to start preparing chrysanthemums for winter already in early September, when it is still warm enough outside and the soil has not had time to cool down.
Apply a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, which will help increase the winter hardiness of the plant and give lush flowering next year. Do not use nitrogen fertilizer, as it stimulates the plant to grow, and this cannot be done in the fall.
Bush cleaning
This procedure in the autumn care is required. It is necessary to clean the bush from damaged, dried, rotten leaves and stems. Get rid of dry branches without regret, under shelter from moisture they can begin to rot, gradually moving to the roots. In the spring, the plant will not be able to recover. After preparing for winter, the chrysanthemum should be completely healthy.
Treatment
During the summer season, chrysanthemums are attacked by pests and diseases. To eliminate them, the bush is treated with an antimicrobial drug. If the flower is healthy, do not be lazy and carry out the treatment for preventive purposes. The best time to do this is in October.
If a spider mite was found during examination of the bush, then the leaves and stems should be wiped with a damp cloth.
Pruning for the winter
Pruning chrysanthemums in autumn is a controversial issue. Some practitioners consider this event to be superfluous in preparation for winter. Others, on the contrary, are cut so that only 15 cm remain from the surface of the earth, explaining a number of advantages. This allows:
- save the vitality of the root system for the next year, do not waste it on the extra length of the stems;
- ease of shelter, no need to bend the stems or build shelter structures;
- saving of covering material.
Shelter
Even frost-resistant varieties of chrysanthemums are best covered. In warm areas, it is enough to use needles, straw and dry branches. In colder areas, when preparing your chrysanthemum for winter, consider more serious shelter. It can be: wooden boxes, boards, slate, bricks, covering material.
When constructing a structure, do not completely block the air; you do not need to press the material tightly against the bush. It is best to cover with a box or make something like a box out of bricks and boards. On top of the frame, lay a covering material, the edges of which are fixed with stones, slate or bricks. Then the wind and cold will not break the protective structure.
Polyethylene film should not be used as a covering material. With the onset of heat, a greenhouse effect sets in under it, which will lead to the decay of flowers.
The sheltering structure is good because the chrysanthemums are covered for the winter and at the same time there is ventilation.
In early spring, remove the shelter, do not be afraid that the flowers will freeze, they are cold-resistant and will tolerate small frosts normally. It will be worse if they are overexposed, they will overheat and wither.
Cellar or trench?
There is an opinion that chrysanthemums are dug up for the winter. Yes, first they carry out all the preparatory work, and with the onset of frost they dig it out with a clod of earth, install it in a box, cover it with earth and leave it in a cellar or unheated veranda.
Such winter shelter is not always successful due to insufficient ventilation and high temperatures inside. The plant wakes up and gives growth, on which the root system wastes its strength. Therefore, the cellar is often replaced with a trench.
The bush is dug up and placed in a special ditch 50-70 cm wide and 50 cm deep. Covered with slate and thrown over the top of the earth.
How to prepare a non-hardy chrysanthemum for winter
Gardeners in the southern regions rarely grow frost-resistant varieties, and rightly so. Engage in breeding zoned plants that are adapted to your climate, taking into account the features.
Non-frost-resistant varieties of flowers cannot withstand sub-zero temperatures. And in order not to disturb them in the fall, they plant them in flowerpots. This is convenient, as soon as the bush fades, the flowerpot is transferred to a cool and dark room, thus creating ideal conditions for wintering.
When preparing, inspect for damage, if necessary, treat with special means.
Often, winter surprises with the variability of weather conditions, and it is wrong to choose one way to protect plants from frost. Divide the chrysanthemums into groups and try different options for sheltering bushes to increase the chances of saving flowers.
Eastern wisdom advises everyone who wants to live a happy life to grow. According to an ancient Chinese legend, a white dragon tried to encroach on the sun itself. He tore it with teeth and claws, and the sparks fell to the ground and turned into yellow flowers, which were later called chrysanthemums. They are depicted on the Japanese coat of arms, coins and seals, which does not interfere with Asian cakes and salads. As a garden flower, chrysanthemum has been known for 3 millennia, but interest in it is only growing.
Breeders are constantly striving to get as large-flowered varieties as possible, but gardeners are more attracted to small-flowered Korean chrysanthemums, as they are resistant to low temperatures, are good in open ground in combination with other flowers, have high decorative qualities, bloom for a long time and profusely almost until November . Therefore, it is not for nothing that the chrysanthemum is considered the queen of autumn. In addition, it is grown in pots to decorate houses, and when cut, it lasts a long time - up to 30 days, so it is ideal for bouquets.
In open ground, chrysanthemum blooms in August and pleases with its lush flowers all autumn, withstands frosts down to -7 ° C. Depending on the variety, the stems reach a height of 30-80 cm and are decorated with double, semi-double and simple inflorescences of unusually diverse shades.
In the northern regions of Russia, it is believed that it is impossible to grow chrysanthemums in the open field, but in fact they can successfully winter with a lung in central Russia and even in Siberia! In these areas, after cutting the stems, stumps 10-15 cm high are well spudded, covered with foliage and insulated.
Planting chrysanthemums
Chrysanthemums do not like the slightest shading and moisture retention, so the place for them should be sunny and at least a little elevated. This is a guarantee that the shoots will not stretch, change the time and duration of flowering. However, the root system of chrysanthemums is superficial, so the soil should not be overdried.The ideal soil for them is loose, moisture-permeable, with the optimal amount of various nutrients. With dense and infertile soil in the garden, before planting the cuttings, a little peat, or rotted, is introduced into the soil, but do not abuse them, otherwise the plants will be unnecessarily tall to the detriment of flowering. As a drainage, add a small amount of coarse sand to the soil. Soil mix is desirable.
The ideal day for planting is overcast or rainy. In hot sunny weather, plant cuttings in the early morning or late evening when the sun is less active. Pour wells with a depth of 35-40 cm with plenty of water, lay drainage, earth mixed with in a ratio of 20: 1. Chrysanthemum put and covered with earth. Root growth is parallel to the soil, so they are not too deep. For tall varieties, additional support is required.
Immediately after planting in the ground, the first pinching is carried out - the growth point is removed on the plant. 3 weeks after disembarkation, the upper part of the shoot is broken out with 2-3 nodes - the second pinch. The first days after planting, artificially shade the seedlings so that they do not suffer from bright sunlight. The best option is non-woven material, but it is desirable that it does not come into contact with the leaves.
Reproduction of chrysanthemums
Since varietal characteristics are not preserved during propagation by seeds, by dividing the bushes or by root shoots, which are separated from the mother bush.In any case, it is necessary to plant and transplant chrysanthemums in spring, in May, when the cold weather passes. It is also possible at the beginning of summer - this will not affect the development of chrysanthemums. In the next video you can see the process of propagation of chrysanthemums by dividing the bush in the spring.
If you get hold of planting material closer to autumn, then plant it in the ground until September 15 so that the plants have time to take root well before the onset of frost. If you didn’t have time during this period, then plant the seedling in a shallow wide pot, cutting it low. Send the container with chrysanthemum to a dark place on a warm loggia or heated terrace, where until spring the temperature will be at +4 ... + 6 ° С - these are optimal conditions for the successful development of plants. Moisten the soil periodically throughout the winter.
Since the end of February, the chrysanthemum has been planted in and watered more often. Until the end of March, the shoots will grow back, and it will be possible to take cuttings - cut the shoots no more than 10 cm.
Gently plant the cuttings in a box filled with a mixture of earth, sand and humus in a ratio of 1: 2: 1, tightly close with glass. After a month, the cuttings will take root, they can be planted in wide containers. As soon as the danger of an unexpected cold snap passes, it will be possible to transplant the mother plant and seedlings into the ground.
Chrysanthemum Care
The watering regimen should be moderate, in which the root system will not rot from excess moisture. This despite the fact that the chrysanthemum is quite moisture-loving. The exception is the dry period (during it, water more abundantly so that the stems do not become stiff and the flowers do not lose their decorative effect) and the period before flowering. It is better to take settled or rain water.
Once a week, “feed” the flowers with mullein infusion (1:10), and before budding - for lush flowering, sometimes to build up green mass. Cancel top dressing before flowering. When fertilizing, make sure that the fertilizer solution does not fall on the leaves and does not cause a burn. Water only under the root.
For the development of young chrysanthemums, it is extremely important to provide a balanced diet in the first 2 months, as there is a very active increase in green mass. Burnt mullein and are very effective. The main rule is that it is better to underfeed the plant than to burn it.
Despite the fact that chrysanthemums tolerate cold quite well, at the end of October, protect the flower bed from frost by placing a frame with plastic wrap on it - and you will admire the flowering plants of April cuttings for another month. You will remove the frame at the end of November, transplant the bushes into pots, and on a warm, bright veranda they will bloom even in January.
If you were recently presented with a chrysanthemum in a pot, you can find out how to keep it until spring and planting in the garden from the answer to the question. And the article is confirmation that the flower you like can be propagated by cuttings, even if you do not know the exact date of cutting.
Disease and pest control
Moisture-loving chrysanthemum abundant watering, especially in the absence of rain, helps prevent damage and that cannot stand moisture.Many harmful microorganisms and pathogens live in the soil, therefore, after each rain, treat the plants with drugs for diseases (for example, Quadris or Previkur). Saves from root rot, it can be added to irrigation water with each top dressing.
Of all the enemies of chrysanthemums (leafworms, aphids, ticks, etc.), they are the most dangerous. Only one of them can eat several buds per night. So keep your eyes open, review your landings regularly and take action on time. Good drugs for insect control are Aktellik, Ratibor, Iskra, Fitoverm, etc.
Types and varieties of chrysanthemums
The genus of chrysanthemums includes more than 150 species, but in our garden we grow mainly their hybrids. The classification of chrysanthemums is rather complicated. There are main garden groups of hybrid chrysanthemums:- Korean (small-flowered, inflorescence 2-9 cm),
- Indian (large-flowered, inflorescence 10-25 cm),
- Chinese and Japanese.
- simple,
- semi-double,
- anemone,
- terry,
- flat,
- hemispherical,
- spherical,
- curly,
- pompoms,
- radiant.
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According to the structure of the petal distinguish tubular and reed. For growing in the garden, the most popular chrysanthemums are Korean, they are unpretentious, beautiful, and bloom for a long time.
Large-flowered species are usually grown for cutting and arranging bouquets. I will list several popular small-flowered varieties for your garden.
Chrysanthemum Korean "Alenushka"
Bright pink non-double inflorescences 5-6 cm in diameter. Bush up to 50 cm tall. Blooms in September.
Chrysanthemum Korean "Alenushka"
It seems to many that chrysanthemums in winter feel great without any additional care. In fact, if you don't care chrysanthemums in autumn, then in the spring you will get weak, disease-prone bushes. And then - if the plant manages to overwinter, and it does not freeze and does not swell.
Therefore, if you want your chrysanthemum to be healthy and pleasing to the eye, give it a little attention in the fall.
Preparing chrysanthemums for storage
There are different ways to store chrysanthemums in winter, but they can be divided into two main groups: chrysanthemums are left in the open field or dug up and stored indoors. Unlike, for example, from dahlias, where there are no options and you always have to dig up tubers for the winter, the owners of chrysanthemums have options. For safety, experienced flower growers dig out some of the plants, and some chrysanthemums in winter left in the ground.
What is the preferred method? It depends on two main factors:
Climatic conditions. For most varieties of chrysanthemums, snowy winters, even very cold ones, are not terrible. It is worse when the winter is very wet, or without snow, or with sudden changes in temperature. Here, no matter how you cover the chrysanthemum for the winter, it will be difficult to protect it from damping or freezing.
Chrysanthemum variety. There are heat-loving varieties - Indian, for example. These chrysanthemums for winter left outdoors unless the region has very mild winters. But Korean hybrids of chrysanthemums (we also call them "oak") can winter with the most insignificant shelter.
Chrysanthemums in autumn begin to prepare for the cold only after the first slight frost. It is October, and sometimes - the beginning of November. The plant must have time to harden, and only before the soil freezes chrysanthemums for winter cut off leaving “stumps” 10-20 cm high (for convenience of designating the variety).
Storage of chrysanthemums in winter
Wintering chrysanthemums in the ground
1) Mulching chrysanthemums for the winter. Suitable for frost-resistant varieties of chrysanthemums and snowy winters. At the same time, with the onset of the first frosts, the plant is spudded (they take sawdust, shavings, compost, humus, peat, etc.), and in severe frosts they cover it with spruce branches or simply with branches and sprinkle with dry leaves.
2) Building a shelter for chrysanthemums in winter. This option is more reliable, especially if the winter is capricious. To do this, in autumn, supports are placed around a bush or several bushes of chrysanthemums (bricks are laid, for example), and a board or slate is placed on top of them. Now it remains only to put the covering material on top and fix it. You can take the same spruce branches, or you can use materials like Spandbond or Lutrasil. The main thing is that the shelter should be able to ventilate, otherwise the chrysanthemum may die in winter from an excess of moisture.
3) Wintering of chrysanthemums in trenches. For this method, you should prepare from the end of summer or the beginning of autumn. On a hill (so that moisture does not accumulate), a ditch breaks out at least half a meter deep. The bottom of the trench is covered with sawdust or needles. With the first frosts, chrysanthemums are dug out together with a clod of earth and placed in "wintering" in dense rows. Boards should be placed on top of the trench, and the boards should be covered with a material similar to dense polyethylene. Thus, water will not enter the ditch. There is one feature of this method - chrysanthemums "wake up" early and in the spring they are usually taken out with green shoots.
Digging up chrysanthemums for the winter
It is to this method that experts advise resorting. bushes chrysanthemums for winter dug out of the ground, form a strong bush, get sick less often, bloom earlier. In addition, it is possible to monitor the storage of chrysanthemums in winter - do they dry out, do they rot, do they rot, and if necessary, chrysanthemums can be watered or treated with a fungicide.
True, there are situations when there is no suitable place for storage (temperature - 0 ... + 5 degrees). It can be a cellar, basement, veranda or garage.
If you are a happy owner of a cellar with an earthen floor, then dug out chrysanthemums for the winter are placed directly on the floor - plants will draw moisture from it. And the temperature, as a rule, in such rooms is kept at an optimal level, which will not allow the plants to wake up too early.
But most often, flower growers dig up their shortened chrysanthemums in the fall and place them for wintering in specially prepared boxes. The boxes should contain a mixture of sand and peat (1: 1). And even after the chrysanthemums are dug up and placed in containers, you should not immediately bring them into the room - let the plants stay in the cold air until the final frost.
If you have a choice where to store chrysanthemums in winter, give preference to a bright room. There is an opinion that without light during the winter, the chrysanthemum is depleted, becomes pale and powerless.
That's all the main secrets, thanks to which chrysanthemums will feel great in winter. The main thing is to monitor temperature and moisture fluctuations: so that the chrysanthemums do not freeze and dry out - on the one hand, do not start early awakening due to high temperatures and do not get wet - on the other. If you create the right conditions for chrysanthemums for the winter- the flowers will thank you generously. Moreover, doing this is not at all difficult.
