Despite the simple design, the esbe three-way valve is one of those elements on which the life support of the whole house directly depends. Devices of this type are commercially available in several varieties.
general information
A three-way valve is a device for adjusting pipeline networks with a liquid working medium. If you explain popularly, after being included in the heating system, the device will perform the function of a well-known mixer tap, the task of which is to switch or mix flows.
Thanks to the esbe three-way valve, the following results are achieved:
- Redirecting streams from different networks.
- The working fluid is brought to the required temperature by mixing cold and hot fluids.
- Dynamic redirection makes it possible to obtain a jet of stable temperature.
Design features of the ESBE three-way valve
The adjustment of the three-way valve is carried out using a stem or ball. In the first case, the adjusting element moves in the vertical direction, in the second - around its axis. This element moves in such a way that a complete blockage of the flow of the working fluid does not occur: it only mixes and redirects. The simplest example of such a device is a conventional crane. Its strong point is its simple design and low cost; weak - the impossibility of obtaining a stable outlet temperature. For all their shortcomings, taps are widely used in underfloor heating systems.
If an electric drive is introduced into the design of a conventional crane, then it will be possible to significantly increase its functionality: the device will be able to regulate the temperature of the liquid medium in automatic mode. The task of simple balancing valves is to adjust the section for the flow of the working flow.
The device works like this:
- When the handle is turned halfway, the two streams are evenly mixed, which is ensured by the equality of the inlet valves.
- If the handle is turned all the way, the first valve will be pressed, due to which the liquid flow is completely blocked.
For commercially available models, the turns of the handles may differ slightly, which in no way affects the principle of operation of the devices.
Main varieties
Three-way valves are of three types:
- Hydraulic.
- Electric.
- Pneumatic.
Motorized appliances (eg model ESBE) differ slightly in their principle of operation. An electric appendage acts here like a conventional thermostat: thanks to it, the flows are not only mixed, but also kept at the desired temperature. During a decrease or increase in temperature, the position of the shut-off valves is automatically changed. As a result, the flow cross section increases or decreases. In parallel, there is a change in the cross section at the inlet of the cold flow, which makes it possible to inform the water at the outlet of a stable temperature. At the same time, the three-way esbe valve completely dispenses with human control: the equipment is controlled by automation.
The ESBE valve with electric actuator and thermostat can be successfully used in heating systems and in hot water supply. Strictly speaking, such a valve can be equipped with any type of pipeline, where it is required to mix two liquid streams and maintain a stable temperature. Even the most high-quality and reliable models of a three-way valve with a thermostat have one common drawback for products of this type: the entry points through which fluid enters are very narrowed. As a consequence, this provokes an increase in hydraulic resistance.
These faucets are great for plumbing. ESBE valves are often equipped with underfloor heating, although they use a special connection scheme. Along with the modifications mentioned above, three-way thermostatic valves can be found on sale. Despite the apparent similarity of these devices, their functions differ in many ways. In thermostatic varieties, thermostats with a remote type sensor are used. In addition, the principle of operation here is also different.
Unlike standard models, thermostatic taps control the flow at only one point. The other two inputs are in a permanently open position, with a stable section. When purchasing such a design, it is important to test the second point for narrowness, otherwise the device may experience difficulties due to high hydraulic resistance. If such a defect is found, the problem can be solved by installing a mixing valve in an additional circuit.
ESBE tap connection principle
For the vast majority of commercially available three-way devices, one connection scheme is used. For example, consider installing an esbe three-way valve. It's best to start with the plumbing system, where mixing taps are most common. Valves in this case prevent the formation of backflow. The fact is that cold and hot streams have different pressures, which provokes drops. As a result, reverse flow may occur. Systems with ESBE valves are completely safe in this respect.
In heating systems, only three sections can be equipped with devices of this type:
- Mixers of the "warm floor" system.
- The pipe entering the boiler. Thus, stabilization of the temperature of the coolant in the incoming pipeline is achieved.
- Outlet pipe, to reduce the supply of heated coolant.
mixing unit
The use of the esbe valve for underfloor heating has its own specifics. The location of the mixing unit is an additional circuit. Switching with the manifold is carried out through two points: this allows the inlet coolant to constantly circulate. The inlet flow is opened only when there is a need for additional heat.
The mixing unit is commutated with a valve and a thermostat. You need to understand that a thermostat for a water-heated floor allows you to reduce heating costs. Given the narrowness of all valves at point 2, the pump may be faced with the problem of insufficient flow. To solve the problem, it is necessary to live the second line, which reduces the level of electricity consumption. But such a need does not always arise, because. the cross section of some three-way valves is quite large.
In a situation where the first line has insufficient flow capacity, the thermostat does not block the passage on the required scale.
To get out of this situation, two options are usually used:
- The second line is narrowing.
- The balancing valve is installed.
The second method is considered more effective, because. the flow in this case is tuned more precisely. There is another scheme for connecting the esbe three-way valve for underfloor heating - switching the pump to the second line: a balancing valve is not needed here. This allows you to equalize the temperature regime in the inlet and outlet streams.
Installation of a valve with a thermostat can be carried out in single-circuit systems. Their simplest variation is a warm floor of a small area. In this case, the overall mixing unit is not very practical to use. A more appropriate solution would be to connect a single-circuit underfloor heating. The installation of a three-way valve with a thermostat is carried out on a return pipe containing a cooled coolant. Thanks to the thermostat, the shut-off valve is activated, which increases the cross section. When the pipe heats up, the temperature sensor detects this and reduces the flow.
Application of valves for heating boilers
Three-way valves for heating boilers deserve special attention. They perform the task of preventing the cooled coolant from getting inside the pipeline entering the boiler. If this is not done, the pipes will begin to become covered with condensate, and a dangerous temperature difference will occur in the system. This is fraught with deformations of the docking sections, the most harmless consequence of which will be the appearance of small leaks. If you do not respond in time, the system may completely fail.
With particular responsibility, one should take the installation of shut-off valves in the piping of a solid fuel boiler, during which significant temperature differences occur (read also: ""). The mixing valve allows you to protect boiler equipment from the ingress of coolant with a temperature below +50 degrees. In this way, a reduction in the temperature difference is achieved, which has a positive effect on the efficiency and durability of the system.
Experts recommend using mixing valves also in systems with plastic piping. Although polymer communications have a number of advantages, however, the frequent excess of operating temperature parameters affects them destructively. According to the standards, the most comfortable temperature regime is in the range of + 75-85 degrees. Valves protect plastic pipes from many negative consequences. The selection of a device model must be taken responsibly, taking into account the technical characteristics of the engineering network.
The ESBE three-way valve is just one of the elements of the life support systems of a residential building. On the one hand, this is a simple design. On the other hand, it performs an important task in engineering networks. Demand creates supply. There are many models on the market from different manufacturers. Three-way valves manufactured under the ESBE brand are distinguished by good performance.
Some useful knowledge
Three-way butterfly valve ESBEThe three-way valve is a control device in piping systems with a liquid working medium. In simple terms, built into the design of the heating network, it will act like a well-known mixer tap that switches or mixes flows. Installing the valve allows you to solve a number of practical problems:
- Redirection of flows coming from different pipelines.
- Achieving the desired temperature of the working fluid by mixing hot and cold flow.
- Obtaining a jet with a constant temperature by dynamic redirection.
Complicated? Only at first glance. In order to understand the principle of operation of the device, consider its design features.
Design
A three-way mixing valve has a control element, which is a stem or a ball. The rod moves vertically, the ball moves around its axis. Since the movement of the regulating element does not allow to completely block the flow of the working fluid, it is mixed and redistributed. The simplest models are an ordinary crane. Their main advantage is low cost and constructive simplicity. The disadvantage is the impossibility of stabilizing the outlet temperature. Despite the shortcomings, the tap can be installed in underfloor heating systems. Now imagine a motorized valve. This design is already more functional, as it is able to regulate the temperature automatically. A simple valve is a balancing valve. Its main function is to adjust the section for the passage of the work stream. Conventionally, the principle of its operation can be described as follows:
- The handle is turned by 50% - uniform mixing of the two streams, since the inlet valves will be equal.
- The handle is turned 100% - the first valve is fully pressed and blocks the movement of the fluid flow.
The modifications presented on the market may have different handle turns, but the principle of their operation is preserved. The valve and its position are adjusted manually, thereby ensuring a balance between the two streams.
Kinds
There are several types of such devices:
- With hydraulic drive.
- With pneumatic drive.
- With electric drive.
A motorized three-way valve, such as the ESBE model, will have a slightly different operating principle. The electric drive performs the function of a conventional thermostat, which makes it possible not only to mix the flows, but to maintain the set temperature. When the temperature drops / rises, the drive automatically changes the position of the shut-off valves, increasing or decreasing the cross section of the hot water flow. At the same time, the cross section at the cold flow inlet also changes. The result is water with a constant temperature. The ESBE crane does not require any human intervention. Its work is regulated by automation.
Valve principle Equipped with electric actuators and thermostats, ESBE valves are equally well suited for use in heating and hot water systems. In principle, the valve can be installed in any pipeline where it is necessary to mix two fluid streams with a constant temperature. No matter how high-quality and reliable a three-way valve with a thermostat is, it will have one drawback that is characteristic of absolutely all devices of this type.
Such a disadvantage is the strong narrowing of the entry points. The narrowed section of the entry point, in turn, increases the hydraulic resistance.
Such a faucet will work well in water supply systems. ESBE dampers are suitable for installation in underfloor heating systems, but a special wiring diagram is required. In addition to the designs described above, three-way thermostatic valves are on the market. These devices are often confused with each other, but still they are completely different. Thermostatic models have a thermostat with a remote sensor, but they differ not only in this element, but also in the principle of operation. Unlike conventional models, in thermostatic taps, the flow is regulated only at one point, the remaining two are open, and their cross section does not change. When choosing such a design, you need to check if there is narrowness at point 2, otherwise the hydraulic resistance will lead to difficulties in the operation of the device. It may be necessary to install a mixing valve in an alternative ring to minimize the problem.
Wiring diagrams
Three-way valve - switching circuit Almost all three-way valves on the market are connected in the same way. Consider it on the example of ESBE cranes. Let's start with water supply systems, since the mixer tap is used most often here. The main purpose for which the valve is installed is to reduce the risk of backflow. Between the two streams - with cold and hot water - there will inevitably be a pressure drop. It can lead to reverse flow. When installing ESBE valves, such incidents are rare. In heating systems, ESBE valves are used only in three directions:
- In mixing units of "warm floor" type systems.
- To stabilize the temperature of the liquid flow in the inlet pipeline of the boiler.
- To reduce the supply of high temperature coolant from the boiler to the pipeline.
Valve in the mixing unit
Consider how the ESBE crane is used in underfloor heating systems. The mixing unit creates an additional circuit in the system. It is connected to the distribution manifold at two points, which ensures constant circulation of the liquid at the outlet. At the inlet, the flow is provided only if additional heat is needed. A valve with a thermostat is connected to the mixing unit. Since at point 2 all valves, including the ESBE, are narrowed, insufficient pump flow can be observed. To increase it, a second line is being created, which makes it possible to reduce the consumption of electricity by pumping equipment. The second line is not always required. Some models of three-way valves have sufficient orifice.
Scheme of a warm floor with a three-way valve In the event that there is insufficient flow power on the first line, the thermostat will not be able to open the passage to the required value . The problem is easily solved in two ways: narrowing the second line or installing a balancing valve on it. The second way is more productive. It allows you to fine-tune the flow. You can connect a three-way valve according to another scheme that does not require the installation of a balancing valve. For this, pumping equipment is connected to the second line. As a result, the temperature of the inlet and outlet streams is compared. A thermostatic valve can be installed in systems with a single circuit. The simplest example of such systems is underfloor heating in small rooms. Creating a mixing node here , with its large size , is not always justified. It is better to connect a warm floor with one circuit. A three-way valve with a thermostat is installed on the return line, through which the already cooled coolant flows. In this case, the thermostat will move the shut-off valves, increasing the cross section and opening the flow. After heating the pipe, the temperature sensor reads the data and reduces the flow.
For heating boilers
Three-way valves for heating boilers should be considered separately. The main task of their installation is to prevent a cold flow of coolant to the incoming pipeline connected to the boiler. Otherwise, condensation will begin to form on the pipes, and temperature changes in the system will lead to its deformation at the joints. There is no need to talk about the consequences of such deformations. At best, a small leak forms, at worst, the system will have to be completely changed.
Three-way valve in the heating system It is especially important to connect shutoff valves to solid fuel boilers, which are characterized by significant temperature differences during operation. Connecting the mixing valve allows you to ensure that no liquid enters the inlet of the boiler equipment, the temperature of which is below 50 degrees. As a result, the temperature difference decreases, the negative impact of cold with all the ensuing consequences is reduced. It is recommended to install mixing valves in systems with plastic piping. Here the goal is to prevent high temperature coolant from entering the pipeline. With all the advantages of polymers, they do not withstand the frequent increase in temperatures above operating parameters. Under such operating conditions, the pipeline is rapidly destroyed. Temperature indicators recommended by experts range from 75 to 85 degrees. The installation of valves solves many problems, but the model must be selected exactly according to the technical characteristics of the utility network, and must have sufficient passage.
Conclusion
The simplest shut-off valves - three-way mixing valves - are an important element of engineering communications. Modern models, created at the junction of old traditions and modern technologies, have made it possible to achieve excellent results of their use for a variety of purposes.
In a wide range of valves used for heating systems, there is an element that is used quite rarely. Its shape resembles a tee, although the functions it performs are completely different. We are talking about a three-way valve, the principle of operation of which will be discussed in this article.
The principle of operation of the three-way valve
What is this device, why is it needed at all?
How it works
The three-way valve is mounted on those sections of the pipelines where it is required to divide the flow of the circulating fluid into 2 circuits:
- with variable hydraulic regime;
- with constant.
In most cases, a constant flow is required for those for whom a liquid of high quality and in the indicated volumes is supplied. It is regulated in accordance with the quality indicators. As for the variable flow, it is used for objects where quality indicators are not the main ones. There, the quantity factor is of great importance. Simply put, the supply of coolant there is carried out according to the required amount.
Note! The shut-off valve also includes an analogue of the device described in the article - a two-way valve. How is it different? The fact is that the three-way option works on a completely different principle. The rod included in its design is unable to block the flow of fluid, which has constant hydraulic performance.
The stem is open all the time, it is adjusted to one or another volume of liquid. Consequently, users will be able to get the volume they need, both in terms of quantity and quality. In general, this device is unable to stop the supply of liquid to a network in which the hydraulic flow is constant. At the same time, it may well block the flow of a variable type, due to which, in fact, it becomes possible to adjust the flow / pressure.
And if you connect a pair of two-way type devices, you can get one, but three-way. But it is necessary that both work on the reverse, in other words, when one valve is closed, the next one should open.
Video - Three-way valve working principle
Valve classification
Without lengthy introductions, we note that the device can be of two types according to the principle of operation. It can be:
- separating;
- mixing.
Features of the action of each type are already clear from their name. The mixing device consists of two outlets and an inlet. In other words, it is necessary for mixing fluid flows, which may be required in order to reduce its temperature. By the way, this is the best option for setting the desired mode in the "warm floor".
The procedure for adjusting the temperature regime is extremely simple. You just need to know about the current temperature indicators of the incoming fluid flows, accurately calculate the required proportions of each of them so that you get the desired indicators at the output. By the way, this device, subject to proper installation and adjustment, can also function for flow separation.
But the dividing valve divides one flow in two, therefore, it is equipped with one inlet and two outlets. This device is mainly used to separate the flow of hot water in DHW systems. Although quite often it is also found in the piping of air heaters.
Outwardly, both options are almost identical. But if you look at their drawing in section, then their main difference is immediately visible. The stem, which is installed in the mixing type device, has one ball valve. It is located in the center and blocks the main passage.
As for separating devices, in them the stem has two such valves, which are installed at the outlets. They function according to the following principle: one of them is pressed against the saddle, closing the passage, and the other simultaneously opens passage No. 2.
According to the management method, modern models can be:
- electric;
- manual.
In most cases, a hand-held device is used, which looks like an ordinary ball valve, but is equipped with three outlet pipes. But electric models with automatic control are used mainly in private homes, namely in order to distribute heat. For example, the user can set the temperature regime by room, and the working fluid will flow in accordance with the distance of the room from the heater. As an option - you can combine it with a "warm floor".
Video - Device in the boiler group
Three-way valves, as well as other devices, are defined according to the system pressure and inlet diameter. All this is regulated by GOST. And if the requirements of the latter are not met, this will be regarded as a gross violation, especially when it comes to the pressure indicator in the line.
Applications
The three-way valve, the principle of operation of which was discussed above, has a fairly wide scope. So, its varieties, such as an electromagnetic device or a device with a thermal head, are often found in modern highways, where it is necessary to adjust the proportions when mixing two separated liquid flows, but without reducing power or volume.
As for domestic use, the most popular here is a thermostatic mixing device, with which, as noted above, you can adjust the temperature of the working fluid. This liquid can be supplied both to the "warm floor" pipeline and to heating radiators. And if the valve also has automatic control, then it will be possible to control the temperature in the home without any problems!
Note! The use of a three-way valve in a heating system in order to balance temperature differences is extremely beneficial not only in terms of comfort and convenience, but also in terms of cost savings.
The fact is that by regulating the temperature of the liquid on the "return" of the heater, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of fuel consumed, and this will have a positive effect on the efficiency of the system itself. In some systems, a valve is simply necessary. For example, in a "warm floor" system, this device prevents the floor covering from overheating above a given comfort level, thereby relieving users of discomfort.
Control devices of this kind are also used in water supply systems in order to obtain a permanent flow at the required temperature. The simplest example is an ordinary faucet, where you can make water hot/cooler by opening/closing a cold faucet.
Adjusting the flow of the working fluid. What to look for when buying?
Manual adjustment is made by means of a conventional ball valve. Visually, it is very similar to a simple valve, but has an additional outlet. Armature of this kind is used for forced manual control.
As for automatic adjustment, a special three-way valve is used here, equipped with an electromechanical device for changing the position of the stem. It should be connected to a thermostat in order to be able to adjust the temperature in the room.
Remember that when buying a valve, it is imperative to take into account the technical parameters of the device, which include the following.
- Diameter of connection to the heating main. Often this indicator varies from 2 to 4 centimeters, although much depends on the characteristics of the system itself. If the device of a suitable diameter could not be found, then you will have to use special adapters.
- The possibility of installing a servo drive on a three-way valve, the principle of operation is considered at the beginning of the article. Thanks to this, the device will be able to work automatically. This moment is very important if the device is selected for operation in "warm floors" of the water type.
- Finally, this is the throughput of the pipeline. This concept refers to the volume of liquid that can pass through it in a certain time.
Popular manufacturers
There are many manufacturers of three-way valves on the domestic market. The choice of a particular model depends primarily on:
- type of mechanism (and, we recall, it can be mechanical or electrical);
- areas of use (DHW, cold water, "warm floor", heating).
The most popular device is considered to be Esbe is a Swedish valve from a company that has been around for over a hundred years. This is a reliable, high-quality and durable product that has proven itself in many areas. Combination of European quality and modern technologies.
Another popular model is the American Honeywell - a true brainchild of high technology. Simple operation, convenience and comfort, compactness and reliability are the distinguishing features of these valves.
Finally, relatively "young", but promising devices are valves of the Valtec line - the result of a joint collaboration between Italian and Russian engineers. All products are of high quality, sold with a warranty period of seven years. They differ in that they have a very affordable price.
How to install a mixing valve with your own hands
This installation scheme is used mainly in boiler rooms of those heating systems that are connected to a hydraulic separator or to a non-pressure collector. And the pump located in circuit No. 2 provides the required circulation of the working fluid.
Note! If the three-way valve will be connected directly to a bypass heat source connected to port B, then a valve with a hydraulic resistance equal to the same resistance of this source will also be required.
If this is not done, then the flow rate of the working fluid in the segment A-B will fluctuate in accordance with the movement of the rod. We also note that this installation scheme provides for the possible termination of the circulation of liquid through the source, if the installation was carried out without a circulation pump or a hydraulic separator in the main circuit.
It is undesirable to connect the valve to heating networks or a pressure manifold in the absence of devices that throttle excessive pressure. Otherwise, the flow rate of the liquid in the section A-B will fluctuate, and significantly.
If overheating of the return is allowed, excessive pressure is eliminated by means of a jumper installed in parallel to the valve admixture in the circuit.
How to install a dividing valve with your own hands
Providing quantitative adjustment by changing the flow of fluid is the main function that such a three-way valve performs. The principle of its operation is extremely simple and has been discussed above. It is used where it is possible to bypass the liquid to the "return", and the termination of circulation, on the contrary, is not allowed.
Note! This connection scheme has gained wide popularity in water and air heating units that are connected from individual boiler houses.
In order to link the hydraulic circuits, it is necessary that the pressure loss of the consumer be equal to the loss on the balancing valve in the bypass. The diagram shown here is intended for installation on those pipelines in which there is excessive pressure. The liquid in this case moves due to the strong pressure generated by the circulation pump.
Video - Three-way valve and its principle of operation
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In a wide range of valves used in heating networks, there is one element that is used infrequently. It is similar in shape to a tee, but the internal content differs greatly from the latter. Yes, and its purpose is completely different. This is a three-way valve for heating with a thermostat. The scheme of its installation, as well as the principle of operation will be considered in today's review.
Three-way valve with zone type thermal head
Basically, three-way valves are divided according to the principle of operation. There are three positions here:
- mixing,
- separating,
- switching.
The former mix two coolant streams with different temperatures into one, the latter, on the contrary, divide one stream into two. And still others simply switch the movement of water from one direction (circuit) to another. The first two varieties are similar in appearance to each other, so a diagram is applied to their case, which shows for what purposes the device should be used.
As for the third position, it is easy to distinguish it from the rest. He additionally has a block with which the switch occurs. A valve of this type is usually installed in a double-circuit when it is necessary to redirect the flow from the heating system to and vice versa.
Related article:
The device and principle of operation of the three-way valve in the heating system
So, first of all, let's deal with the device. To make it easier to understand what is inside the valve, you need to consider the photo below, in which the device is shown in section. It consists of three nozzles (two lateral one lower), between which there is a mixing chamber. On the fourth side (upper) is thermal headresponsible for controlling the temperature of the coolant.
Inside the device, from the thermostat there is a spring-loaded rod with two flat round valves. Their diameter corresponds to the diameter of the nozzle seats. Instead, one ball valve can be installed, located inside the mixing chamber between two seats. When pressure is applied to the stem, the valves partially block the flow from the lower branch pipe and open the upper one. All the same only happens in reverse if the stem rises.
But here you need to figure out what laws the stock works under, under the influence of what force it lowers or rises. It's all about the thermostat itself. Inside it is a temperature sensor filled with a special liquid. She is heat sensitive. As soon as the temperature of the coolant begins to rise, the liquid expands and rises through the capillary tube into a special bellows (capacity), which is located in the thermal head. The reservoir itself begins to expand, and thus presses on the stock. The latter descends and opens the lower pipe, from where cold water enters the three-way valve. Hot comes from the left pipe (see photo).
Of course, just like that, with any increase in water temperature, pressure cannot occur. To do this, a temperature gradation is set on the thermal head, which is manually adjusted. It is the set parameter that is the moment the rod is pressed.
So, the stem responded to a change in the temperature of the coolant in the supply pipe, opened the lower one for cold water, and the hot and cold media mixed up to the required temperature inside the valve. That is, it turns out that the temperature of the coolant at the inlet has not changed, but at the outlet it has become less.
In the event that the coolant continues to heat up, the rod may drop to the lowest position. That is, it will completely close the hot water supply and completely open the cold water supply. And this will continue until the coolant inside the heating system drops to the required temperature. After that, the top valve will open, it will start up hot water.
This is how a three-way mixing control valve works. As for the separating model, its principle of operation is almost the same, just the other way around. The coolant enters one pipe, inside the device case it is divided into two flows and exits through two adjacent pipes.
This type of valves is installed in those areas where the coolant flow must be divided into two circuits. One of them will be with a constant thermal regime, the other with a variable one. The first is the fluid flow, which is subject to quality requirements. The second with quantity requirements. At the same time, purely constructively, the flow with a constant hydraulic regime is never blocked, because in the design of the device, the stem length is made in such a way that the valve does not close the constant circuit.
But it must be noted that the length of the stem can be adjusted. This makes it possible to adjust the required volume of coolant on a constant circuit. As for the variable, it can completely overlap. This is how the flow and pressure of the coolant in the heating system is regulated. As you can see, the principle of operation of a three-way valve is quite simple. The main thing is to accurately select the type of device and install it in the required place in the circuit.
How does a three-way thermostatic valve work in a "warm floor" system
To make it clear how the valve circuit works, we can give an example of coolant circulation in the underfloor heating system. The three-way valve for underfloor heating is a mixing valve. The circulation scheme here is as follows:
- hot water through the collector enters the floor heating system;
- it must have a certain temperature, which is monitored precisely in the process of passing through a three-way valve;
- as soon as its value exceeds the permissible value, the valve opens one of the circuits, which is connected to the heating return;
- cooled coolant enters inside, lowering the temperature,
- after which the mixed water enters the heating circuit of the warm floor;
- as soon as the temperature drops to the required one, the return circuit is blocked inside the valve by the stem.
Three-way valves with actuators
Experts say that adjusting a three-way valve using a thermal head and a sensor is the simplest and most accurate. In addition, it does not consume electricity. That is why this type of three-way valve is popular today. But the process can be controlled in other ways. The simplest one is manual. Let's face it, this is not the most accurate option, because the range of the stem immersion depth is set by the handle located outside the valve body.
Attention! A valve with such an adjustment is recommended to be used only in those heating systems where the temperature drops of the coolant are insignificant.
The second option is to control the temperature regime with the help of electric drives. They receive commands from the controller.
Motorized 3-way valve
Valve-mounted motors are often referred to as servo motors. In fact, these are ordinary electric motors in which the shaft does not spin, but rotates by a certain degree. It should be noted that this category includes any types of engines, for example, thermal ones. The main thing is to fulfill the condition of rotation, not rotation.
Manufacturers today offer two positions regarding equipment. The first is a complete package that includes a controller and a temperature sensor. It is possible to immediately set the device to the required temperature, as well as to the angle of rotation, for example, from 0 to 180 °. In this case, any intermediate values are possible. The second is a separate drive with a sensor inside, to which the controller must be added as a separate element.
As for the controller, this is a device that solves the problems of signal management. In the case of heating, it reacts to temperature changes that are signaled to it by a temperature sensor. It processes the signals and decides what to do - open the valve or close it, or rather, turn it clockwise or counterclockwise. Today, manufacturers offer a huge model line of three-way electric valves. One of the most popular brands is ESBE (Sweden).
Three-way valve ESBE with electric actuator
First of all, it must be indicated that this brand of valves has a ball with through slots inside. The latter open or close two channels, the third always remains open. Through it, the coolant enters the heating system. Degree of rotation - 90÷180°.
In stores, the valve of this model is sold separately from the servo drive, therefore, before installation, they are interconnected by inserting the axis (shaft) of the drive into the upper part of the stem. It has a hole for the axle. After that, it is necessary, exactly according to the instructions attached to the device, to carry out the adjustment in terms of temperature conditions.
Today, the manufacturer offers a fairly wide range of ESBE three-way valves with and without an actuator:
| A photo | Model | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
 | VTA 200 | Designed for systems where there is no water recirculation. |
 | VTA 270 | This is a thermostatic valve for underfloor heating. It is installed if heating is organized in a room with an area of at least 100 m² |
 | VTA 310 | Valve for general use in any heating systems, where the temperature of the coolant does not exceed +95°C and the pressure is 0.3 atm. |
 | VTA 300/ VTA 360 | The two models differ from each other only in the direction of water movement in the heating system. They control the temperature well even with pressure surges inside the network. |
 | VTC300 | This is a 3-way valve without servo. It can be installed in systems that use low-power boilers - up to 30 kW. |
 | DN25 | This is a three-way valve for solid fuel boilers. That is, it can withstand coolant temperatures up to + 110 ° C. In this case, the power of the boilers should not be less than 150 kW. This is one of the most unpretentious devices of all present on the market. It can work under any conditions in any heating networks without changing the quality. |
 | VRG131 | This is the most popular and sought-after device that is used in apartments and private houses. |
Other models of three-way valves
Another well-known brand is the Navien three-way valve from a South Korean company. It should be noted that this device is an integral part of the double-circuit boiler of this manufacturer. And it is installed inside the heating equipment. Its main purpose is to separate the coolant for supply to the heating network and for hot water supply.
Attention! Navien valves are beyond repair. The main cause of failure is the gear transmission from the motor to the rod. Spare parts are not sold anywhere. In case of failure, the device must be replaced with a new one.
The Danish company Danfoss is a well-known manufacturer of three-way valves. It offers four models that are designed for different systems:
| A photo | Model | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
 | VF3 | Used in air conditioning and heating systems. Production material - cast iron. With flange connection. |
 | VMV | It is used only in heating systems. Production material - bronze or stainless steel. |
 | VRB3 | This is a mixer that is used both in heating systems and in refrigeration installations. Material - stainless steel. |
 | VRG3 | It is installed in heating networks or when transporting refrigerant. The material is either stainless steel or cast iron. |
Schemes for connecting a three-way valve to the heating network
After all the analysis regarding the design of the valve and its principle of operation, an understanding appeared of how it can be used in various heating systems. Most often it is used in three cases.
- In the system of warm floors, the temperature of the heat carrier must be within + 45 ° C. It is this mode that is supported by the device. This has already been discussed above, and it has been shown how it should work.
- To protect against the formation of condensate inside the furnace. This happens when relatively cold water returns to the generator heat exchanger. From this, water droplets from condensed steam form on the outer surfaces. This must not be allowed, because condensate shortens the life of the equipment.
- If there is a need to maintain different temperature conditions in different parts of the heating system.
The first option will not be considered, because it has already been described. As for the second case, it is necessary to take the photo below as the basis for the analysis.
There is a double circuit in the diagram: one large one passes through the radiators, the second - a short one through (this is a vertical red line, the beginning of which is at the top to the radiators, the end rests at the bottom of the valve). Until the boiler is warmed up, the coolant moves along a short circuit. The temperature has risen to the required level, the valve closes the bypass and opens the return (lower blue line).
And the third position, which is based on the distribution of the coolant among consumers, in which the required temperature is not always the same. For example, an indirect heating boiler requires water with a higher temperature, for batteries with a lower one, and even less for underfloor heating.
Attention! In such a scheme, there is no need to install control valves in front of the boiler.
The wiring diagram with the installation of a three-way valve should be approximately the same as shown in the photo below.
Three-way valves for heating with a fixed heating medium temperature
This is the so-called budget option. At a price it is cheaper than 30-35% of devices with drives. How is he different from everyone else. In its design there are no rods, no sensors, no thermal heads. A so-called thermostatic element is installed inside, which is set to a certain temperature of the coolant. For example, it can be either +45°С or +65°С. That is, the indicator can be any, depending on the requirements of the consumer of hot water.
The element is selected at the factory and installed there, so the valve must indicate what outlet temperature will be after it. For example, if you need a valve for underfloor heating, then choose with a temperature of + 45 ° C. The positive side of these devices is their cheapness. Negative - the inability to adjust the temperature of the water.
Attention! If a valve of this type is installed on the bypass of a solid fuel boiler, then it is necessary to study the passport of the generator itself before buying. The main indicator for the valve is the temperature of the water in the return circuit. It is for her that the device is selected.
Esbe products are quite popular today. is no exception. It is one of the many elements that are included in residential buildings.
The need to use
This design, on the one hand, is quite simple, but on the other hand, it is designed to perform an extremely important task, being part of engineering networks. Everyone knows the rule that demand creates supply, which is why on the market today you can find many models that are represented by various manufacturers. However, valves manufactured by Esbe are distinguished by excellent performance. A three-way valve of this type can be purchased at an affordable cost. This is confirmed by user reviews.
Design features
In a wide range today you can find Esbe products. The three-way valve is no exception. This element has a regulating component, which is a ball or a rod. The latter moves vertically, but as for the ball, its movement occurs around its axis. Due to the fact that the movements of the regulating element do not allow to block the flow of liquid, distribution and mixing occurs. The most common and simple models are cranes.
Main plus
Their main advantage is low cost and simplicity. However, if you need to adjust the Esbe three-way valve, then you should exclude the purchase of simple devices, since they have the main drawback, expressed in the inability to stabilize the outlet temperature.
Carrying out installation work
Almost all described valves that are on the market are connected on the basis of one scheme. Most often, mixer taps are used in water supply systems. Their main goal is to reduce the risk of backflow. Between the streams of cold and hot water, a pressure difference will inevitably occur. It can cause reverse flow. If you install a valve, then you will not encounter such a problem. If we are talking about a heating system, then such devices are used exclusively in three directions, namely, to stabilize the temperature regime of the coolant flow in the incoming pipeline of boiler equipment, to reduce the supply of high-temperature water from the heating device to the pipeline, as well as in the conditions of mixing units of systems underfloor heating.
Connection in the mixing unit
If you are interested in Esbe products, the three-way valve can be purchased from any relevant store. One has only to consider before that how the tap is used in the underfloor heating system. Application allows you to create an additional circuit in the system. With two points it connects to this allows for a constant circulation of water at the outlet. As for the inlet, the flow is provided only if there is a need to obtain additional heat. The thermostatic valve is connected to the mixing unit. Due to the fact that all valves are at the point, they are narrowed, which can cause insufficient flow of pumping equipment. To increase it, it is necessary to create an additional line, with which you can reduce the electricity consumption of the pump. During the installation process, it is worth remembering that a second line is not always required. A number of valve models have a fairly large passage. An Esbe three-way valve, whose connection diagram can be designed based on the instructions presented in the article, may suggest insufficient flow capacity in the first line. In this case, the thermostat is not able to open the passage of the required size. This issue can be easily solved in two ways: the first involves narrowing the second line, while the other option is to mount on it. The latter option is considered more productive, as it allows you to adjust the flow.
Alternative installation option
Installation of the Esbe three-way valve can also be done by another method. It does not involve the use of a balancing crane. The pump is connected to the second line, eventually the temperature of the outlet and inlet flows equalize. A thermostatic valve is found in single circuit systems. The simplest example of such systems is underfloor heating in small rooms. In this case, it is not always justified to create a mixing unit with large dimensions. It is best to connect the underfloor heating system using one circuit. If you are thinking about how to connect an Esbe three-way valve with an electric drive, then it can be placed on the return line, through which cooled water runs. In this case, the thermostat will lead to the movement of the valves, the cross section will be increased, and the flow will be open. As soon as the pipe is heated, the thermal sensor will detect this and reduce the flow.
Installation of a valve for a heating boiler
This issue, according to professionals, must be considered separately. The main task of the installation is to prevent the entry of a cold water flow to the incoming pipeline, which is connected to the heating equipment. If this requirement is not taken into account, then condensation will occur on the pipes, temperature drops will lead to deformation at the joints. If we talk about the consequences of deformation, then at best you will encounter a small leak, while at worst the system will need to be completely changed. In order to avoid the need to repair the Esbe three-way valve, it is important to connect the shut-off valves to the boiler, which is characterized by temperature changes during operation. If you install a mixing valve, then you can ensure that water does not enter the inlet of the equipment, the temperature of which is below 50 degrees. The temperature difference is significantly reduced, the negative impact of cold is reduced. Experts advise supplementing systems that are equipped with plastic pipelines with mixing valves. In this case, the task is to prevent the ingress of high temperature water into the pipeline. While polymers have many advantages, they do not cope well with frequent temperature changes, which can be higher than operating temperatures.
Under the influence of such conditions, the pipeline system fails soon enough. Experts advise choosing Esbe products. The three-way valve, the installation instructions for which are presented in the article, has been manufactured by this company for a long time. If you use this element, then you can provide temperature readings ranging from 75 to 85 degrees, which are recommended by experts. Mounting the valve allows you to cope with many problems, however, the model must be selected in accordance with the characteristics of the network, and also have a sufficiently large passage.
Adjustment Features
When purchasing Esbe products - a three-way valve, the installation and adjustment instructions for which are presented in the article - you must remember that with this device it is possible to mix the cooled water from the return into the supply. For high-quality regulation, not only a three-way valve is installed in the system, but also a four-way valve, which must be present in the heating system. It is located directly in front of the contour of the warm floor. The handle allows you to open the bypass, while the circulation pumps and equipment draw in the cooled coolant from the return, where it is mixed with hot water. In order for the adjustment to be made as efficiently as possible, you should understand what happens at certain positions of the handle. The latter can be set to the bypass overlap position, while the hot coolant will flow into the pipe of the underfloor heating system. As for the mode in which the supply is blocked, water enters the tank and runs in a small circle. The third position allows you to feed the supply from the return system without blocking the full cycle of water passage throughout the circuit.
Conclusion
Recently, experts have increasingly recommended purchasing Esbe brand products. A three-way valve, the instruction, the wiring diagram of which is presented in the article, is just an example of this. It can act as an indispensable element of the heating system and part of the boiler equipment, however, it is important to choose the right model and install it, observing the technology.
