What are some good aquarium filters? Aquarium water purifier Aquarium water purifier

The idea of ​​creating a miniature natural reservoir came to man quite a long time ago. However, the limited nature of the created ecosystem required additional care for its condition. This is how the first filter elements for aquariums appeared, purifying water and retaining various kinds of biological waste.

The purpose of modern filters has gone a little further than in the first stages of development. Now each advanced apparatus is able not only to eliminate pollution, but also to provide a constant supply of beneficial bacteria and microorganisms, as well as to mix the layers of water, maintaining the optimal temperature balance for fish and the amount of dissolved oxygen.

As for the choice, there is a well-established opinion on the aquarium filter market about the best models worthy of special attention for lovers of breeding ornamental fish at home. Which? You will find out about this in our rating, compiled on the basis of the following important criteria:

• user reviews and authoritative publications;
• comparison of leading characteristics and declared operational capabilities.

The best internal filters for an aquarium

5 Xilong XL-F131

Perfect Performance
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.5

The glass design of the device meets all modern requirements for this aquarium equipment. It is made of non-toxic, durable plastic, which does not lose its operational properties during prolonged stay under water. The internal filter is completely immersed in a container with fresh or marine bio-environment. The filter basket located in the housing has a large area, which means that mechanical cleaning is carried out efficiently and quickly. In numbers, this figure is 1200 l / h.

Saturation with beneficial microorganisms contributes to additional biological filtration. Therefore, the water in the aquarium becomes clean and transparent. During the operation of the device with a power of 15 W, vibrations are not created and the usual rhythm of life of the inhabitants of the depths is not disturbed. The kit also includes a flute and an injector nozzle for aeration. It is recommended to install such a model in containers up to 100 liters.

4 Jebo 1200FAP

Quality build
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

An inexpensive indoor device that has proven itself in fresh water filtration. It is usually installed in aquariums with a volume of 150-200 liters. The plastic case is ergonomic, has no extra parts, protruding elements, backlashes between structural elements. It is designed for continuous operation without shutdown. To ensure high-quality work in the device, it is necessary to maintain the power declared by the manufacturer of 8.5 watts. Its average productivity is 600 l / h, which makes it possible to purify water well and saturate it with oxygen.

The owners attribute the design of the outlet pipe to the advantages of this product. It is equipped with a special swivel nozzle that adjusts the flow direction. The aeration option makes it possible not to use additional aquarium accessories. Not all filters are easy to maintain. However, this model is assembled and disassembled in a matter of minutes, unpretentious in care.

3 Barbus WP-300F

Extended set for miniature tank
Country Russia
Average price: 400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

Owners of aquariums up to 20 liters should definitely pay attention to this model. Despite its mini-parameters (with dimensions in the package of 13x8x6 cm, the filter weighs only 155 grams), the internal device received a lot of positive feedback. Firstly, it is in complete harmony with the underwater flora in color and does not violate the general appearance of the interior. Secondly, the device is optimally functional, since at a power of 2 W it is able to process 150 liters of water per hour.

However, its main advantage lies in its excellent configuration. The set includes such nozzles as "Water flute", "Filtration and sprinkling", "Filtration and aeration", "Filtration and circulation". Therefore, you can always choose the option of flow movement that is necessary in a particular case. Made of metal and plastic, the glass-type body is quickly attached to the container wall using suction cups. Coarsely porous sponge that collects dirt, easy to maintain. What users also highlight is the quiet operation of the device.

2 Juwel Bioflow 6.0

Best filter chamber capacity (six elements)
Country: Germany
Average price: 11500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Fine filter designed for containers of 200-350 liters of water. The tank's own volume is 6 liters, according to this indicator, Juwel Bioflow 6.0 comes close to external type devices. In addition, 6 types of filter elements are located inside the capacious chamber: special dense cotton wool and 5 sponges of various degrees of density. They perform the function of complete mechanical and fine chemical-biological treatment, due to which water retains its suitability for a long period of time. If the question arises of choosing an expensive but good model of an internal filter, then experienced aquarists prefer this particular contender. Disadvantages include: high cost of the device,rapid wear of coarse cleaning materials.

Many beginners and experienced aquarium keepers ask a reasonable question: what type of filter is better - internal or external? We learn the answer from the given comparison table, which displays all the pros and cons of such devices of various designs.

1 Hydor CRYSTAL 3 R10 Duo

High degree of tightness of the housing
Country: Italy
Average price: 2500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

The internal filter with a cover is intended for capacities from 100 to 200 liters. Moreover, it can be installed both in aquariums with fresh water and salt water. The Italian manufacturer offers a filter pump that works on a 2-level cleaning principle. At the initial stage, water seeps through the foam sponge, getting rid of large impurities, and then undergoes chemical or biological treatment. The chamber is designed for the use of various types of filter materials. At the same time, the device supports a power of 11 W, which allows pumping 800 l / h.

The body of the device is quite compact, moreover, it has practically no sharp corners. All lines are smoothed, and the outer shell reliably protects the inner part from mechanical stress. Thanks to the tripod included in the kit, the product can be easily mounted in a corner without taking up much space. Along with high-quality tightness and small size, the model has another advantage - it is equipped with a special control system with which you can adjust the performance, flow direction and, in general, the degree of water saturation with oxygen.

Best External Aquarium Filters

5 Sera Fil Bioactive 250

Versatile design
Country: Germany
Average price: 7500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.5

The external gray filter is unobtrusive and does not affect the interior design of the aquarium. However, the ergonomic shape of the housing resting on anti-slip rubber feet is convenient for installation. In general, the design is durable, since the plastic can withstand water pressure, and hermetic latches and an additional seal prevent leaks. The device is focused on a capacity of 100-250 liters.

A characteristic feature of the model is the layered placement of filter materials. These include sponges for coarse and fine cleaning, as well as a biological activator, which provides a 3-stage water purification. To wash the sponges, it is easy to pull them out of the case, and then carefully put them back. In this case, you do not need to make unnecessary movements, disassemble the structure. Special handles on the baskets make this procedure convenient. Filter nozzles are similarly easy to dismantle for subsequent installation. As pluses, the reviews indicate reduced energy consumption and a productivity of 750 l / h, among the minuses are called a loud sound during operation, rigid clamps on the hoses, and the difficulty of starting the device.

4 Laguna

Maximum combination of functionality and manufacturability
Country Russia
Average price: 3500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

The domestic manufacturer offers a whole line of external filters of different capacities. Our focus is on a model that filters 650 liters of water per hour. It can be attached to a container with a volume of 100 liters or more. The case with filling weighs only 3.55 kg, which consumers highlight as a plus. In addition to the canister itself, the design includes one filter basket. The working material for it are coal, sponges for fine and coarse cleaning. A distinctive design detail is the presence of a ceramic axis in the impeller, which contributes to the quiet operation of the filter. Such a high-tech solution guarantees a long trouble-free operation period.

What else stands out model of plastic, so it's solid equipment. There are not only hoses and taps for inlet / outlet, but also a manual pump, a protective grate for the intake tube, a flute with a plug. As the experience of aquarists shows, this model effectively copes with all types of debris and creates a good microclimate for underwater inhabitants.

3 Aquael MINIKANI 120

Best question price
Country: Poland
Average price: 3500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

A simple and inexpensive filter designed to purify water in aquariums up to 120 liters. It is unpretentious in maintenance, for which it has gained particular popularity among lovers of keeping aquarium fish. It has no restrictions on the used filter elements, so you can use any type of filler, and most importantly in large quantities. The main feature is that, unlike classic models, the pump can be placed both outside and inside the aquarium, and the filter box is much lower than the bottom. Ideal for home use. Among the advantages, one can also note the presence large compartment for filler,implementation of 3 types of cleaning.

2 TETRA EX 1200 PLUS

Optimum filtration quality
Country: Germany
Average price: 10,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

External filter for aquariums from 200 to 500 liters. In terms of cleaning performance, it is perhaps one of the best mid-budget models at the moment. In the basic configuration, it has 5 pre-installed fillers: ceramic rings and a special bio-sponge, balls and carbon absorbent, as well as a fibrous membrane at the finishing stage. The autostart system is integrated, so the pump does not need additional pumping of water after installing or replacing filters. The device is guaranteed to appeal to those for whom breeding aquarium fish is more than just a life hobby.

1 Prime

An effective solution for a large aquarium
Country: China
Average price: 5000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Owners of aquariums with a volume of 200-450 liters call this external device one of the best available on the market. Its design is perfectly adapted to the container of any shape. The upper part of the filter is equipped with a silicone seal, which prolongs the life of the device. Fillers are placed in 3 compartments. They are a heterogeneous material. These are coarse and fine sponges, activated carbon, environmentally friendly ceramics. With an equipment power of 25 W, its productivity reaches 1200 l / h.

Despite the weight of a little over 5 kg, the device is stable during operation, low noise level. For high-quality intake and discharge of water, the nozzles were made sliding. This helps to optimally take into account the depth. If necessary, it is possible to shut off the water flow without much physical effort thanks to the adapter with 2 taps on the hose. The set additionally includes 2 tubes, functioning as "Flute".

An aquarium is a small artificial reservoir with a closed space, in which there are no processes of natural purification of water from the waste products of the inhabitants.

As a result, the water is polluted with waste, a population of small algae, pathogenic bacteria grows in it, and the environment becomes detrimental to the life of fish. Aquarium pumps are designed to solve the problem of purification, providing mechanical, chemical, biological water purification.

Another useful property of them is the mixing of water flows. Thus, the environment is maintained in a qualitatively homogeneous state throughout the entire volume of the aquarium.

The filter is a container with a compressor and a cleaning filler, which is sponges, carbon components and other complex systems. According to the location of the device, they are divided into 2 types - internal and external.

Experts from the online magazine EXPERTOLOGY have chosen the best aquarium pumps in terms of performance and reviews in two categories: indoor and outdoor devices.

The best internal filters for an aquarium

Indoor type devices are great for small aquariums with a small number of inhabitants.

The filters are a compact plastic cylinder, inside which, in addition to the compressor, there are filter layers made of organic sponges and carbon.

Such devices are easy to maintain (clean), the risk of leaks is completely eliminated, they are economical in terms of price and power consumption.

XILONG XL-F131

Perfect Performance
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.

The glass design of the device meets all modern requirements for this aquarium equipment. It is made of non-toxic, durable plastic, which does not lose its operational properties during prolonged stay under water. The internal filter is completely immersed in a container with fresh or marine bio-environment. The filter basket located in the housing has a large area, which means that mechanical cleaning is carried out efficiently and quickly. In numbers, this figure is 1200 l / h.

Saturation with beneficial microorganisms contributes to additional biological filtration. Therefore, the water in the aquarium becomes clean and transparent. During the operation of the device with a power of 15 W, vibrations are not created and the usual rhythm of life of the inhabitants of the depths is not disturbed. The kit also includes a flute and an injector nozzle for aeration. It is recommended to install such a model in containers up to 100 liters.

Dennerle Nano Clean Eckfilter Inner Corner Filter

2,500 (for XL model, for aquariums from 30 to 60 l)

The filter differs in noiselessness, compactness and high efficiency. An excellent choice for small aquariums, safe for shrimp and other crustaceans, including juveniles, thanks to narrow intake openings and a fine sponge. Economical energy consumption (only 2 W), performance up to 150 l/h and two filter compartments ensure excellent water quality. The water flow is adjustable and can be directed by turning the nozzle 90° in any direction.

Main advantages:

• 2 compartments;
• safe for shrimp;
• low power consumption;
• works quietly;
• flow can be adjusted and rotated.

• no aeration;
• suction cups quickly lose their elasticity.

Hydor CRYSTAL Mini K10 Internal filter 170 l/h, 4 W, for aquariums 20-50 l

The CRYSTAL Mini K10 internal filter is designed for marine and freshwater aquariums from 20 to 50 liters.

The filter is installed in the corner of the aquarium using a special tripod.

Thanks to adjustable aeration and flow direction systems, the device guarantees efficient water circulation.

The filter provides two-stage filtration: mechanical (removal of large particles using foam rubber), biological or chemical (the chamber is filled with different types of filtration materials).

The filter is easy to maintain.

Its design prevents leakage of filtered waste when removing the filter from the aquarium.

Specifications:

Dimensions: 8.5 x 9.3 x 19.5 cm

Productivity: 170 l/h

Power: 4W

Weight: 0.44 kg

JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 1000l/h

The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 water filtration system is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 500 liters, but it is not advisable to install it in a tank of less than 350 liters. The filter of the increased volume of 8 l. acts in all directions: captures solid waste, chemical impurities, growing colonies of bacteria.

The active layers are easy to remove and clean, and there is access to the compressor and heater for easy maintenance. The device is fixed on the inner wall with silicone glue included in the kit. A feature of the filter model is the two-flow principle of purification, the device creates different speeds of water movement: from above - high for better trapping of solid and chemical impurities, from below - slow for the development of anaerobic bacteria and purification of water from organic matter.

The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 system is relatively silent for a device of this productivity up to 1000 liters per hour, it is also possible to install a water heater of the same brand - together they form an organic circuit for even purification and distribution of a warm environment to all corners of the aquarium. The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 filter is ideal for a large aquarium with exotic inhabitants. It can be bought from 9,000 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Effective cleaning of all types of pollution; Two streams to improve the quality of water purification; Reliable device without hose connections; Convenient maintenance and cleaning; Mounting adhesive included.

LIMITATIONS Too big for a compact aquarium; High price.

JEBO 1200FAP

Quality build
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.

An inexpensive indoor device that has proven itself in fresh water filtration. It is usually installed in aquariums with a volume of 150-200 liters. The plastic case is ergonomic, has no extra parts, protruding elements, backlashes between structural elements. It is designed for continuous operation without shutdown. To ensure high-quality work in the device, it is necessary to maintain the power declared by the manufacturer of 8.5 watts. Its average productivity is 600 l / h, which makes it possible to purify water well and saturate it with oxygen.

The owners attribute the design of the outlet pipe to the advantages of this product. It is equipped with a special swivel nozzle that adjusts the flow direction. The aeration option makes it possible not to use additional aquarium accessories. Not all filters are easy to maintain. However, this model is assembled and disassembled in a matter of minutes, unpretentious in care.

EHEIM Biopower 240 l

Powerful and very efficient filter with rotating pump and modular design EHEIM Biopower, designed for aquariums from 160 to 240 liters. It drives water through a complex of filter layers at a speed of up to 750 l/h. The direction of the liquid inside is from the bottom up, the active component is the SUBSTRATpro filler, which, in combination with an organic sponge, performs a comprehensive cleaning of solid particles and excess bacteria, the filter also maintains nitrates at zero. There is a possibility of additional installation of the coal filter (optionally). The output is water that is ideal for the quality of life of the fish. A feature of the system is a rotating pump that sets the direction for the movement of water, imitating natural flows, additionally enriched with oxygen. The device is attached to the wall with suction cups, the set includes replaceable SUBSTRATpro modules. You can buy EHEIM Biopower 240 l from 4,600 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Suitable for sea and fresh water; Solution for an aquarium densely populated with fish; Comprehensive cleaning of solid particles, bacteria and chemicals; Rotating pump to change the direction of water flow; Easy fastening to the inner wall of the aquarium.

LIMITATIONS With frequent movements of the device, the suction cups weaken.

BARBUS WP-300F

Extended set for miniature tank
Country Russia
Average price: 400 rubles.

Owners of aquariums up to 20 liters should definitely pay attention to this model. Despite its mini-parameters (with dimensions in the package of 13x8x6 cm, the filter weighs only 155 grams), the internal device received a lot of positive feedback. Firstly, it is in complete harmony with the underwater flora in color and does not violate the general appearance of the interior. Secondly, the device is optimally functional, since at a power of 2 W it is able to process 150 liters of water per hour.

However, its main advantage lies in its excellent configuration. The set includes such nozzles as "Water flute", "Filtration and sprinkling", "Filtration and aeration", "Filtration and circulation". Therefore, you can always choose the option of flow movement that is necessary in a particular case. Made of metal and plastic, the glass-type body is quickly attached to the container wall using suction cups. Coarsely porous sponge that collects dirt, easy to maintain. What users also highlight is the quiet operation of the device.

JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline

The JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline internal corner filter for biological and mechanical cleaning is designed for small aquariums up to 200 liters with adjustable flow from 300 to 720 l/h. Its feature is the possibility of expanding the modular filtering structure, which collects impurities and reliably blocks them, perfectly clean water enters the tank. The nozzle can be rotated up to 900. The design is attached to the suction cups. The active cleaning component is anaerobic bacteria that process organic pollution, mechanical particles are retained by a sponge. All modules can be easily removed for cleaning. The device is compact and ready to use, just connect it to the mains and attach a flute to dissect the water at the outlet. The cost of the JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline device is about 7,000 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Economical power consumption of only 8 W; Efficient cleaning of solid particles and organics; Rotary nozzle; Velcro for fastening.

LIMITATIONS Does not regulate the chemical background.

Tetra Tetratec EasyCrystal

1 150 (for model 250, for aquariums from 15 to 40 liters)

A double-sided filter sponge ensures that the water is purified from the smallest particles of dirt: the white side filters out large conglomerates, the green one produces finer filtration. Activated charcoal eliminates unnecessary chemicals. And to top it off, the bio-sponge and balls with a large surface area on which colonies of beneficial bacteria form, provide biological cleaning, decomposing the remaining harmful components. The filter is very easy to maintain: it is enough to replace the cartridge once a month by attaching a new one using a special clip. Suction cups securely fix it in a comfortable position. Powerful magnetic turbine improves water flow.

Main advantages:

• affordable price;
• compact;
• 3 types of cleaning;
• no need to rinse the sponge - just replace the cartridge.

Best filter chamber capacity (six elements)
Country: Germany
Average price: 11500 rubles.

Fine filter designed for containers of 200-350 liters of water. The tank's own volume is 6 liters, according to this indicator, Juwel Bioflow 6.0 comes close to external type devices. In addition, 6 types of filter elements are located inside the capacious chamber: special dense cotton wool and 5 sponges of various degrees of density. They perform the function of complete mechanical and fine chemical-biological treatment, due to which water retains its suitability for a long period of time. If the question arises of choosing an expensive but good model of an internal filter, then experienced aquarists prefer this particular contender. The disadvantages of users include the high cost of the device, the rapid wear of rough cleaning materials.

Is it necessary to filter the water in the aquarium? And if so, how and how often? To answer these and other questions regarding the state of the aquatic environment in a confined space, you need to imagine what processes are continuously taking place in aquarium water.

Just like people in their homes, in need of order, periodically clean up after themselves the garbage, ventilate the premises, so the inhabitants of the water house feel the need for a clean and comfortable environment.

• food leftovers,
• excrement of its inhabitants,
• pieces of plants.

The obvious conclusion suggests itself: you just need to remove this garbage (or change the water), and the problem will be solved. But most often, mechanical water purification is clearly not enough to create comfortable living conditions for domestic aquatic fauna.

Organic residues inside the tank decompose rather quickly in warm stagnant water. An excess of ammonium, nitrite, ammonia, and also methane gas released as a result of such decomposition can lead to the death of living creatures.

If 2-3 fish live in an aquarium, then the ammonia released during the decay of organic substances is processed by absorbing it.

What if there are a lot of fish? Then chemical or biological purification of aquarium water is required.

Many aquarists believe that the aquatic environment requires complex filtration - mechanical, chemical, biological. In special cases, it is necessary to carry out disinfection.

Mechanical water filtration in an aquarium

This function is performed (internal or external), which pump the aquatic environment through a special element (porous sponge). Relatively large particles of debris - waste, food residues, pieces of vegetation - linger in the pores of the sponge. Purified water is returned to the tank.

When a large amount of dirt accumulates on the sponge, it is either changed or washed. The frequency of maintenance of the filter element is prescribed in the instructions for the device.

Such filtration, its effectiveness, is a topic for many years of controversy in the community of professional aquarists.

Proponents of mechanics believe that the decaying dirt from the sponge must be constantly removed in order to prevent the release of a large amount of accumulated waste back into the water.

Their opponents believe that the waste products of the inhabitants of the aquarium collected on the surface of the filter element are almost ideal material for the development of colonies of beneficial bacteria - saprophytes. These microorganisms quite successfully cope with the processing of nitrites and ammonia.

Biological water filtration in the aquarium

It is partially produced by saprophytes that settle in the sponges of mechanical filters, as well as aquatic vegetation. There are also special bacteria that are contained in the porous ceramic element of aquarium devices such as biofilters.

There are 2 types of active microorganisms in a standard biofilter:

• ammonifying (Nitrosomonas, Nitrosocystis, etc.),
• nitrifying (Nitrobacter, Nitrospina and Nitrococcus) bacteria.

How do they work?

First, one type of bacteria converts the ammonium formed in the aquarium into nitrite. Other microorganisms convert the toxic nitrite to nitrate, which is then freely absorbed by the aquatic life and excreted with water changes.

Another way to reduce the nitrate content is a partial water change. The normal dose of nitrates in the aquarium environment is up to 15 mg per 1 liter of water. You can check the dose using special tests.

It is important to remember that in the course of their life, bacteria emit a lot of carbon dioxide, so you need water in the aquarium. Air bubbles not only enrich the water with oxygen, but also remove harmful carbon dioxide.

As an auxiliary biological treatment method, some aquarists use. It is used, as a rule, in aquariums with large fish that produce a lot of waste products and poorly adjacent to any aquarium vegetation.

In a phytofilter, aquarium water is pumped into a tray with coarse filler and ground plants. Their roots, washed by polluted water, absorb part of the organic matter from it, after which the liquid is drained back into the aquarium.

Such a cleaning technique not only helps to lighten the load on the biological filter, but also allows you to grow various types of plants - from ornamental ficuses to edible greens for the table.

The next level of purification in biofilters is chemical purification.

Ceramic filler for biofilter.

Chemical filtration of aquarium water

It is carried out using activated carbon, which well absorbs the protein molecules of decomposed substances.

In some biological filters, zeolites are used as a reactive filter composition - water minerals based on calcium and sodium. They absorb dissolved ammonia well.

First of all, chemical filtration is necessary for the health of the fish. Aquatic vegetation processes ammonia and other harmful substances on its own, being in its essence an excellent chemical and biological filter.

Chemical cleaning with activated carbon should be resorted to as a last resort, since such filtration can upset the biological balance of the aquarium. In the worst case, if the litter is excessively contaminated, waste can be released back into the water.

Activated carbon filtration is usually resorted to after a long-term treatment of the aquarium with medicines. This cleaning method effectively removes various drug residues from the water that can harm aquarium inhabitants.

Activated carbon granules for aquarium filter.

Aquarium disinfection

There are several ways to disinfect water, including

• ozonation,
• ultraviolet irradiation,
• chemical disinfection.

Ozonizer treatment is an expensive and laborious task. First, the water is treated with ozone in a special container (separate from the aquarium), and then poured into the aquarium environment through an activated carbon filter. Advantage - high efficiency of disinfection.

Aquarium water also destroys quite well

• harmful bacteria,
• fungal spores,
• viruses.

It is not the aquarium itself that should be irradiated, but the water that needs to be pumped along a special source of ultraviolet radiation.

Recently, ready-made antiseptic, antibacterial agents have appeared on sale. These include, for example, Aquacons antiseptic aquarium water conditioner and Malachite Green.

As a rule, certain doses of such conditioners are dissolved in a separate vessel in a certain proportion, and then the finished solution is poured into the aquarium. Air conditioners not only disinfect water, but also successfully treat some diseases of ornamental fish. It is necessary to use such tools only according to the instructions.

Aquarium water filtration is a must. It is better if it is carried out comprehensively. This will provide a healthy and comfortable habitat for ornamental aquatic fauna and flora.

An aquarium is an imitation of a natural reservoir, but any reservoir has a limited area, so harmful substances inevitably form inside the vessel in the form of fish waste, food debris, etc. Aquarium filters that can efficiently and safely purify water and mix water layers, creating a current. Devices are divided into different types, so it is important for every owner of a pond with fish to know how to choose a filter for an aquarium.

Before choosing filters for aquariums, you should learn about the types of devices and selection criteria. Cleaners for artificial reservoirs are of different types, differ in the principle of work and filler.

There are three types of filtering:

• Mechanical type - these aquarium filters purify the liquid in the tank using a material in the pores of which impurities settle, and purified water comes out of the device. In the form of a filler, a sponge or fishing line is usually used.
• Biological type - these are filters for an aquarium, inside of which there are bacteria that purify water from toxic elements.
• Chemical type - filters water using a special filler - activated carbon. The liquid, passing through the device, gets rid of ammonia and an unpleasant odor. The chemical filtration method is considered one of the most effective.

According to the installation method, filtration devices are divided into four types:

• external aquarium filters;
• internal cleaners;
• canister devices;
• bottom.

DIY filtering

If there is no opportunity to purchase a branded cleaner, then you can build a home-made external filter with your own hands. For manufacturing you will need:

• round plastic canister;
• flexible transparent hoses;
• three ordinary flower pots;
• electric pump, the power of which is selected in connection with the volume of the reservoir;
• synthetic winterizer, foam rubber;
• two fittings with a valve;
• ceramic or carbon filler.

How to make an aquarium filter with your own hands:

1. A hole is made in the lower part of the round canister with a knife, a fitting is inserted into the resulting hole. Two holes are also made in the lid of the vessel with a knife or other sharp object: the first for the valve, the second for the electric pump, which is attached to the structure from the inside, using a fitting for this. The joints are carefully and accurately fixed with silicone in order to avoid leaks and unforeseen situations in the future.
2. Now you need to deal with filter cassettes - they are made from flower pots. The upper half of each pot is cut off, and small holes are made in the bottom. All three pots are filled with different filter materials: the first with padding polyester, the second with coal, and the third with foam rubber.
3. The final stage is fixing the hoses to the outlet and inlet valves. Before proceeding with the fixing of the pipes, carefully measure the length of the hoses so that they fit the home tank. The hose attachment points are fixed with silicone, which must dry for at least 24 hours, otherwise it will fall off and water will seep into the joints.
4. A homemade external filter is ready, it remains only to check the structure for leaks. A plastic vessel, which plays the role of a body, is filled with liquid and left for 24 hours. In the absence of leaks, the device is installed in the right place and connected.

Filters in the aquarium perform important functions, without which the comfortable living of fish and other inhabitants is impossible. A purifier for artificial reservoirs is chosen based on the size of the aquarium, the power of the device and the type of filler, and you can also make the device yourself, following simple recommendations. The main thing is not to forget to check the operation of the filter and take care of the device.

Choosing an Aquarium Filter

An aquarium is a small body of water inhabited by aquatic inhabitants. In order to maintain biological balance in it, various means and methods are used. One method is to purify the water in the aquarium.

To purify the water, special aquarium filters are used that work with electric pumps or air flow. There are universal filters in which you can adjust the speed of water flow. They are used in aquariums inhabited by various types of fish.

Filter classification

External hanging filter - is a plastic box, consisting of several sections. This filter is located outside the aquarium. Its principle of operation is very simple: water is taken from the aquarium, filtered and returned back. Visually, this process resembles a waterfall.


An airlift filter is a small plastic container that has various shapes: a cylinder, a cube or a pyramid. Water enters the filter through a perforated cover, goes under pressure from top to bottom through the filter material, then rises through the airlift and exits. This type of filter is suitable for small aquariums as an additional filtration.


The filter canister is a vertical cylinder, on top of which there is an electric pump. Water from the aquarium goes through plastic tubes and passes through the filter material. This filter is very good for large aquariums.

A sponge filter is the most primitive and at the same time the most popular type of filter, consisting of a perforated tube with sponge cartridges attached to it. Contaminated water enters the sponge filter, is cleaned, and exits through the tube.

Filter media types

Calcium carbonate - increases the hardness and acidity of water. Visually similar to crushed limestone, sand or coral chips. It is used as a mechanical or biological filter.
Activated carbon - fixes all unnecessary substances on its surface and utilizes medicines and heavy metals dissolved in water.
Gravel is a filter that can be used indefinitely.
The aquarium is filled with water, usually with the help of a pump, which is a pump. Many pumps are designed for both fresh and sea water. They are submersible and outdoor.
Depending on the type and type of filter material, an appropriate maintenance of the aquarium is carried out. Means of mechanical cleaning (various scrapers and sponges) must be constantly cleaned. Chemical filter materials require periodic renewal. Biological filters are partially replaceable.
In addition to the use of filters, it is necessary to clean the aquarium bottom once a month. The procedure is carried out using a rubber tube with a plastic or glass tip. The diameter of the tube opening should not prevent the passage of water with debris through it.
Twice a week it is recommended to change from 15 to 30% of the total aquarium water. Water for this is preliminarily defended for one or two days.
Also, special chemicals that are completely harmless to the inhabitants of the aquarium will help normalize the state of the water. The choice of such chemistry is quite diverse and is present in almost all pet stores.

How to clean an aquarium with fish

When caring for fish in an aquarium, from time to time you have to face the problem of how to clean the aquarium at home. Regardless of whether it is large or small, plaque in the form of algae and organic matter accumulates on its walls, the water becomes cloudy. To do the cleaning correctly, it is necessary to follow a number of requirements so that the life of the fish at this time is safe.

Aquarium after "launch"

The first months after the "launch" of the aquarium, it is necessary to monitor the state of its cleanliness, removing the remnants of rotten food and decorations. Once a week, you need to replace the water with clean and infused water, but do not change it completely. If the aquarium lives correctly, then a biological balance will be established in it, the water will become transparent with a yellowish tint. When this happened, you can do the first cleaning.

What will you need

The first thing to do is to collect materials for cleaning the aquarium. To make it shine with purity, you should prepare:

• Clean bucket or large bowl;
• Algae scraper;
• Siphon with hose and gravel vacuum.

Training

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare new water. For replacement, it will be necessary to remove stagnant water from the tank (20-30% of the total volume). If you keep marine fish, prepare the correct proportions of sea salt for the water. Make sure the new water is free of chlorine, organics and other harmful contaminants. An important rule is that water is considered infused if chlorine has disappeared from it within a few days. Other indicators of water (hardness, alkalinity, acidity) can be checked with a litmus indicator, water temperature - with a thermometer specially designed for this. Usually the water is infused for 48 hours, after which it can be considered free from minerals contained in tap water. 2 hours before washing and 2 hours after it, it is undesirable to give fish food.

Use a new bucket or bowl to clean the aquarium, not the ones that were designed for mopping. Chemicals that are part of soap or household chemicals remain on used items. They are detrimental to the life of fish. Make sure your hands are clean and free of soap or lotion. Don't forget to turn off the filter and disconnect it from the aquarium, unplug other electrical appliances before the cleaning process.

Cleaning steps

Once you have done your best to clean the aquarium, you can fill it with clean water, or use a hose with a siphon to pump water from a bucket or bowl. Connect heating and lighting.

Filter cleaning

What if you can't wash the filter at the same time as cleaning the rest of the aquarium? It is impossible to clean the filter with all the decorations and water at once, this can be harmful to all fish and plants due to a sharp change in the balance of the aquatic environment. Two or three times a month, you can disassemble the filter yourself and clean it with a toothbrush. But it is correct to clean the filter in such a way that is indicated in the instructions for its operation.

See how to clean the internal aquarium filter.

Keep your aquarium clean

In order to maintain the ability to see fish through the glass, you should wash the aquarium about once every 1-2 weeks. This way you can prevent the formation of large algae and organic matter formed as a result of the vital activity of fish. Some algae and non-decomposed organic matter are removed with the help of aquarium "orderlies" - catfish or snails. Of course, this will depend on the conditions of your tank and how many fish are already in it.

Causes of cloudy water and how to deal with it

Cloudy water in an aquarium is a common phenomenon that almost every aquarist has encountered. Sometimes the causes of the problem are found quickly, and sometimes it takes a long time to figure out why the water is cloudy. How to deal with the formation of turbidity, what is recommended to do and what not?

When does turbidity appear in water?

The causes of cloudy water in an aquarium can be varied, and it is not as easy to deal with them as it seems at first glance.

1. Turbidity can occur due to floating in the pond of small particles of algae, solid organic matter and cyanobacteria. There is another subtle reason - poor washing of aquarium soil and inaccurate pouring of water from a clean container. This type of turbidity does not threaten water and fish, you can do nothing with it. After a while, the cloudy part of the water will settle, or seep into the filter, remaining there. The formation of turbidity can be provoked by fish that love to surf the ground, but these actions are quite harmless for the reservoir.

1. Turbidity of the water in the aquarium can be caused by cichlids, gold and veil-tailed fish - their active movement in the reservoir is the cause of the resulting turbidity. If there is no filter installed in the tank, it will be difficult to clean the water.
2. Often, cloudy water appears after the first start of the aquarium, after filling with fresh water. You don’t need to do anything, after a day or two the sediment will sink to the ground and disappear. The mistake of beginner aquarists is a partial or complete renewal of water, which is considered a gross mistake. When adding new water to a newly started aquarium, the bacteria will increase even more! If the aquarium is small, you can install a sponge filter that will quickly clean the pond.

Watch a video about the device and the operation of the internal filter.

1. Harmful bacteria in the aquarium can also be the cause of haze. When the water turns green, it means it's time to draw conclusions - this is an unnatural color. Turbid and green water is formed due to overpopulation of the aquarium with fish or plants. That is, the aquarium liquid passes through the filter, but is not cleaned. The abundance of metabolic products provokes the formation of putrefactive microorganisms, ciliates and other unicellular organisms. If the ciliates are beneficial, then the bacteria can harm the plants - they will begin to rot. In order not to be surprised why fish and plants often get sick, keep the aquarium clean and well-groomed.

1. Why do unicellular animals reproduce? Because you do not have time to empty the tank after heavy feeding. For the aquarium hobby, it is better to underfeed than overfeed. This rule will protect the fish from problems. After overfeeding, the water turned cloudy again - what to do? Arrange an unloading diet for pets, in a couple of days the bacteria will die out, the water biobalance will be restored.

1. Incorrectly installed decoration. Driftwood, plastic from low-quality material dissolve in water, forming a cloudy shade. If the decorations are new wooden, but untreated, they can be boiled or infused in saline. Plastic snags are best replaced with new ones.
2. In an old, stagnant fish hatchery, sediment is formed due to "whiteness after the treatment of fish", this is when drugs and cleaning chemicals for aquarium glass were used in the pond. Such substances have a number of side effects, they disrupt the biological balance, neutralizing the favorable microflora.

How to overcome turbidity in water?

Now we know the reasons why the water becomes cloudy in the aquarium, and what to do in each case. However, there are general rules, without which it is impossible to completely eliminate the problem.

1. Siphon the soil in the aquarium. Open the filter, wash it and clean it. Then add activated charcoal to it - this must be done to absorb harmful substances. It is forbidden to do a complete water change and rinse the aquarium soil, otherwise the beneficial bacteria will die out and will not be able to process rot and algae.

See how to siphon the soil in the aquarium.

1. In some cases, it is necessary to do intensive aeration of the aquarium - when there are a lot of fish food residues, and a fasting day is not enough. Oxygen will quickly remove excess organics.
2. If an unpleasant odor disappears in the aquarium, then the fight against turbidity ended successfully. Also, to eliminate bacterial turbidity, you can use elodea by planting it shallowly in the ground.

Turbidity in the water: types

The color of turbidity will tell about the sources of its formation:

• The color of the water is greenish - this is the reproduction of unicellular algae;
• Brown water - peat, humic and tannins, poorly processed driftwood;
• Milky white color - unicellular bacteria begin to multiply;
• The color of the water matches the color of the soil or the stone recently laid on it, which means that the soil was furrowed by fish, or the stone turned out to be fragile.

Drugs that prevent the appearance of cloudy sediment

1. Aquarium charcoal is an absorbent that is added after cleaning the tank to the filter for a period of 2 weeks. After extraction, you can fill up a new portion there.

1. Tetra Aqua CrystalWater is a product that binds fine dirt particles into one, after which they can be removed or passed through a filter. After 8-12 hours the pond will be crystal clear. Dosage - 100 ml per 200 liters of water.
2. Sera Aquaria Clear also binds sediment particles by passing it through the filter. During the day, dirt can be removed from the cassette. The drug does not contain harmful substances.

• Before adding sorbents to the water, it is better to move the fish to another container.

Conclusion

To avoid cloudy water, it is necessary to control the level of nitrates, nitrites and ammonia in it. They are released as a result of the vital activity of fish, plants and improper care of the reservoir. Therefore, fish should be populated in the tank, the size of which corresponds to its volume. Proper feeding of pets, timely cleaning of their waste products, removal of rotten plants will regulate the water balance. If the aquarium does not have a mechanical or biological filter, change 30% of the water weekly to fresh and settled. Do not add chlorine-scented or boiled tap water.

See also: What kind of water to pour into an aquarium with fish?

How to clean an aquarium:: how to wash an aquarium with fish:: Care and education

The aquarium world needs special care. The necessary conditions for its inhabitants are created using a variety of devices and devices - compressors, filters, etc. Particular attention should be paid to the water supply and lighting of the aquarium. However, the most important event, of course, is its proper cleaning. Cleaning the aquarium yourself is not at all difficult.

The question is “HOW can a baby be retrained to go to the tray (she is 4 months old)? » - 3 answers

We start cleaning the aquarium with glasses

In principle, the algae that grow on the walls do not pose any danger at all, but they spoil the look of the aquarium, so they should be disposed of. This should be done regularly, approximately once every two weeks. To remove algae from the glass, you should use a special scraper, which can be purchased at a specialized store. It is best to use a magnetic device. If you don't have a scraper handy, replace it with a new sponge or razor blade.

Cleaning the bottom of the aquarium

The next step is a soil siphon. Your task is to remove all impurities that have accumulated on the aquarium bottom. To do this, use a rubber hose with a metal or glass tip, the diameter of which must be such that water with all the debris can pass through the hose. Another option is to use a special dirt scoop.

How to determine if an aquarium needs to be cleaned

To understand whether it is necessary to clean the aquarium, it is advised to turn the soil. If no bubbles rise from the bottom, cleaning is not needed yet. If there are bubbles, run the tip of the rubber hose along the bottom of the aquarium, periodically sticking it into the ground. Then you should make a water change in the aquarium to remove substances harmful to the inhabitants that have accumulated in it. This is usually done twice a week, and about 20-30% of the total water is changed. This process is often combined with soil siphoning. You can change the water less than twice a week, but then you should avoid changing more than 30% at a time, as this affects the health of the fish in a bad way. If tap water is used for replacement, it should settle for several days.

We clean the filter

Cleaning an aquarium properly means paying special attention to cleaning its filter. The filter media collects dirt from the water that passes through it. It is these fillers that should be cleaned, they need to be washed only when pollution begins to interfere with pumping water. Please note that under no circumstances should detergents be used. Ideally, the filler should be rinsed in the water downloaded from the aquarium. You do not need sterile cleanliness, it is enough to achieve a free flow of water through the pores of the filler. You can use an old toothbrush to clean the filter nozzle.

Related videos

Proper aquarium cleaning

How to clean the aquarium yourself?

Perhaps, any aquarium owner will agree that cleaning the aquarium is a very important, necessary and responsible event. The main purpose of aquarium cleaning is to maintain a natural habitat for fish, and, of course, the aesthetic beauty of the aquarium itself. If you are faced with this issue for the first time - do not worry, there is nothing complicated in this. Simple tips will tell you how to properly clean the aquarium without spending too much on calling biologists and special tools. You will learn how to clean your artificial pond from unnecessary pollution and give it a healthy look.

Where to start?

First of all, you must clearly realize that any cleaning of the aquarium is stressful for its inhabitants. Therefore, try not to particularly disturb or frighten the fish with sudden movements.

If you were planning to rearrange the aquarium or replace the plants, it is best to combine this procedure with the cleaning of your aquarium. The use of any detergent chemicals is strictly prohibited. Before the procedure itself, you can buy equipment for cleaning the aquarium in specialized stores, for example, a special siphon. If the means do not allow this, then improvised materials can be used.

How to clean aquarium walls

Any cleaning should start with cleaning aquarium glass. How we will see the aquarium itself depends on the purity of the glass. Small algae and micro-organisms constantly appear on the glass, which makes it difficult to see and makes the aquarium itself sloppy. You can clean the walls of the aquarium using special scrapers, a nylon washcloth or an ordinary kitchen sponge.

You can cope with this task not only with the help of special tools. Some types of fish, such as ancistrus or snails, can simply eat light pollution. However, there is a drawback in this method: paths from eaten algae may remain on the walls.

How to clean the bottom of an aquarium

At the second stage of cleaning the aquarium, we proceed to clean the soil. In this section, we will talk about how to clean the soil from the accumulated remains of food and excrement, because it is at the bottom that all these impurities accumulate. Before you get started, make sure it's really necessary. To do this, it is enough to stir up the soil with something. If bubbles start to rise from the bottom, then you need to clean it.

This aquarium cleaning procedure will be greatly facilitated and painless for fish by a soil cleaner. It consists of a flexible hose with a diameter of 15 mm and a glass or metal tip, which must be driven along the bottom, periodically pressing deep into. Water with all impurities will flow through the nozzle through the hose. It is very important to monitor the amount of drained water, its volume should not be more than a fifth of the total volume of the aquarium. This is the amount of water you have to add later.

When cleaning the soil, try not to damage the roots of plants, this can lead to their death. We must not forget that our goal is not only to clean the aquarium, but also to preserve all living things in it.

We clean the water

Water purification will help refresh the water and remove any accumulated harmful substances for the fish. In order not to expose the inhabitants of the aquarium to unnecessary stress by a sharp change of water, it is necessary to partially replace the water 1-2 times a week, and also after cleaning the soil, 25% of the total volume of the aquarium. Water for replacement should be settled for 2-3 days.

If the aquarium is not covered, a film may form on the surface of the water. It is also an important process in cleaning. You can remove it with a piece of paper, the size of the surface of the aquarium. Holding the sheet by the edges, it is necessary to dip it horizontally into the water, and then, slowly lift it along with this film. If necessary, repeat the procedure several times.

It is very important not to forget about the aquarium filter during complex cleaning of the aquarium. As a rule, the filter elements of the filter are made of foam rubber, and to clean them, it is enough to rinse them thoroughly under running warm water. And the mechanism itself during disassembly can be cleaned with a toothbrush or sponge.

Now you know how best to clean the aquarium without harming its inhabitants. Needless to say, how proper cleaning will prolong the life and improve the health of fish? After all, what could be more beautiful than satisfied residents and happy, enchanted looks of their owners.

How to get rid of greenery in an aquarium :: how to remove green plaque in an aquarium :: Aquarium fish

A beautiful aquarium is a true decoration of any apartment. But if you do not take care of him or disturb the biological balance in him with inept actions, all beauty disappears. Glasses overgrow, water can turn green from the rapid development of unicellular algae. How to restore the broken balance in this case?

Question “opened a pet store. Business is not running. What to do? » - 2 answers

Instruction

1. The rapid development of algae that cause water blooms occurs with bright aquarium lighting, elevated temperatures and a high content of nutrients in the water. The reason for the latter is often the use of too much dry food - the inhabitants of the aquarium do not have time to eat everything and, as a result, the remains rot and decompose.

2. Faced with the blooming of water, do not try to clear it by partial replacement. By topping up with fresh water, you introduce the minerals needed by the algae into the aquarium, as a result, the blooming of the water only intensifies.

3. To restore disturbed biological balance, turn off the lighting of the aquarium. If it is near a window, cover the window to protect the aquarium from direct sunlight. Stop feeding the fish - a week-long hunger strike will not only not harm them, but, on the contrary, will benefit them. Let aeration work, oxygen entering the water will accelerate the oxidation of feed decay products and water purification. Remove accumulated debris from the bottom with a siphon. Within a week, you will be able to restore the normal mode of the aquarium.

4. One way to combat water blooms is to use daphnia. Launch a large number of crustaceans into the aquarium - so many that the fish do not have time to eat them right away. Unicellular algae are the food of daphnia, during the day the water in aquarium will become clean. This method requires good aeration of the aquarium - otherwise the daphnia may die, which will only increase flowering.

5. An indirect reason for the rapid development of algae is a small number of plants in aquarium. When there are a lot of plants, they actively absorb minerals, as a result, algae do not have enough of them for rapid development.

6. Even in a normally functioning aquarium the walls are gradually covered with a thin green coating. Clean this plaque with a razor blade scraper. If the plaque is brown, then this indicates insufficient lighting in the aquarium. The back wall of the aquarium can not be cleaned.

How to wash the soil in the aquarium:: how to clean the soil:: Aquarium fish

aquarium priming- this is a place of accumulation of the remains of uneaten food and waste products of fish. Without regular cleaning, all this will cause cloudy water and an unpleasant odor. There are two main ways to clean priming a.

Question “opened a pet store. Business is not running. What to do? » - 2 answers

You will need

• - water;
• - large buckets;
• - sieve;
• - hose;
• - siphon.

Instruction

1. On the eve of the planned cleaning of the aquarium, prepare the water that you will fill in after the procedure. Fill a large bucket or pot with it and leave it for 10-12 hours. During this time, the chlorine added at the treatment plants will evaporate, and harmful impurities and metals will settle to the bottom.

2. In case of severe pollution priming and get ready for a complete cleaning of the aquarium. Catch all fish and snails, remove plants and decorative items. Drain the water from the aquarium using a hose into a bucket or sink.

3. Fill a bucket or basin with running water. Place a small amount of contaminated priming and lower it into the water so that the liquid covers the stones by 1-1.5 cm. Shake the sieve from side to side, mix gently priming hand. Then pour it into any clean container and start rinsing a new batch. Do not try to achieve the perfect purity of the stones, because. particles of humus located on them serve as sources of nutrition for plants located in aquarium.

4. After all priming is cleaned, wipe the inside of the aquarium with a sponge, rinse the filter. Put the stones back in carefully. Fill the aquarium with settled water, return the plants and decorations. After the fine suspension settles down and the water becomes clear, launch snails and fish.

5. In case of light pollution priming use a siphon. This device is a cylinder attached to a hose. The mechanism of action is based on the principle of communicating vessels. The siphon can be either industrial production or self-made. This type of cleaning does not require catching fish and releasing the aquarium from water.

6. Fill the siphon tube with tap water, close it on both sides with your fingers. Dip one end of the tube into the aquarium and the other end into the bucket below. When you remove your fingers, the liquid from the aquarium will flow into the drain container. Do not pour water directly into the sink or tub, as a small fish, snail or plant can get into the siphon.

7. Immersing the device in priming, you remove impurities from it. To clean corners and hard-to-reach places, use a siphon with a narrow triangular tip. Experts do not advise cleaning the entire priming right away, because this violates the microbiocenosis of the aquarium. They suggest "siphoning" about 40% of the stones in one procedure, each time paying attention to different areas.

8. After cleaning, add the missing amount of liquid from the bucket of water prepared the day before.

note

Do not use synthetic detergents and do not scald stones with boiling water. You will kill the bacteria involved in the life of plants and maintaining the microenvironment throughout the aquarium.