One of the components of the power supply system is an electrical outlet. These devices are in every house, apartment, in every production. They are even on the street. However, the modern range of sockets is so wide that it is better to know the basic nuances before choosing.
A conventional electrical outlet consists of a plastic front panel and a dielectric base (heat-resistant plastic or ceramic) with contacts and connectors for connecting plug plugs. The plastic base is cheaper and more durable, the ceramic is more expensive and more brittle. The number of pins and their shape depends on the type of electrical outlet (single-phase or three-phase, grounded or not) and the country in which it is used.
Contact materials
Electrical contacts can be made from several different materials:
- brass (for rooms with a normal level of humidity);
- tinned brass (for high humidity);
- bronze (for any operating conditions).
The most capricious are brass contacts without sputtering. The color of the metal is light yellow with a pronounced luster. In conditions of high humidity, they quickly oxidize, which leads to poor contact. Also, brass does not spring well, which is why the contact is weakened over time. To eliminate this drawback, the electrical socket with brass contacts has additional springy petals that press the contact plates.
The base can be ceramic or plastic, the contacts are brass and brass with sputtering, bronze
Tinned brass has a white matt finish. Due to the protective coating, it oxidizes less, springs better and keeps its shape. Such contacts are usually placed in electrical outlets designed for wet rooms and for the street.
Electrical outlets with bronze contacts are rare and can be distinguished at a high price. The bronze contacts are also yellow, but matte and darker. Bronze contacts spring well, provide high-quality contact for a long time.
Ground contact
In addition to phase contacts, the socket may have a ground contact. It is required when connecting:
- powerful technology;
- equipment demanding the quality of power supply (with electronic control);
- equipment in the working cycle of which water is used (for example, and).
In addition, electrical sockets with grounding must be installed in rooms with high humidity, on the street - this is an electrical safety requirement. The presence of a worker is the safety of you and your family.
Sockets without grounding are permissible only in dry rooms, and simple devices such as table lamps, low-power oil heaters, convectors, etc. can be included in them. They are attractive at a slightly lower price, and less “depth”, so that when installing, you need to make smaller holes for them. But, no matter how attractive they may be, a computer and sophisticated equipment that consumes little electricity, but is demanding on the quality of the power supply, must be plugged into sockets with grounding. In addition to protecting against electric shock, grounding also removes static, which can be fatal to electronics.
Wire connection
Wires are connected to the contact plates using screws or screwless clamps (pressure contacts allow quick connection without using a screwdriver).
Screw connections sockets can be divided into two types:
- With the possibility of fastening the end of the wire in the form of a loop. Provides an ideal screw connection, so large is the area of contact between the conductor and the contact pad.
- With the possibility of fastening only the straight end.
When installing sockets of the first type, it will take more time, since you need to make a loop (it is convenient to use round-nose pliers), completely unscrew the screws to put it on, and then twist the knot. With sockets of the second type, everything is simple - they inserted the stripped wire into contact, and then tightened the screw with a screwdriver.
During the operation of sockets, the contacts undergo a heating / cooling process, which leads to a gradual loosening of the screw contact. For this reason, screws must be tightened once every six months.
Electrical sockets with clamping fixation of conductors allow you to connect as quickly as possible. The stripped end of the wire is inserted into the socket until it stops. The socket has a flat-spring clamp (spring-loaded contact) that securely clamps the conductor. Due to the elastic force of the spring, the contact always remains good. Such terminals are also called automatic.
Leading world leaders (Legrand, Schneider-Electric, Simon and others) produce sockets and switches with both screw and screwless connections. By purchasing products from well-known brands, you can be sure that a screwless connection will provide proper contact with a high degree of probability.
Since sockets in modern dwellings are often combined into blocks, an elderly wire entry is provided for a parallel connection - separate holes are provided for jumpers.
Classification of electrical outlets
Even such a simple device as an electrical outlet has many types and varieties. In addition to different materials, they can have a different shape, installation method. There are models that are assembled in blocks of several pieces, equipped with a switch or other types of sockets. We will talk about all these types of electrical outlets now.
By voltage and current
Electrical sockets are electrical installation products and they have their own technical characteristics: the voltage for which they are intended, and the current strength that they can pass through themselves for a long time. By voltage, they can be as follows:
- For single-phase networks with a voltage of 220-240 V. The most common type in our country.
- For three-phase networks 380 V.
- For single-phase networks with a voltage of 100-127 V. These are the standards that are used in Japan and the USA.
In our country, single-phase sockets for 220 V networks are most installed, but they also have different types: they can pass current of different sizes through themselves. Ordinary sockets are designed for a current of 10-16 A. To connect high-power household devices (electric stoves, hobs, storage boilers, etc.), you need sockets that can pass a current of 32 A, and sometimes more. For these cases, power outlets are available. They are large in size, they use heat-resistant materials, more powerful contacts.
By type of installation
The electrical outlet can be for concealed or surface mounting. They also say - internal / built-in and external / invoice. A flush-mounted electrical outlet (internal) is installed in a hole specially made for it in a wall or other surface. After connection, the front panel is flush with the surface or protrudes just a couple of millimeters.
Surface-mounted electrical outlet (outdoor/surface-mounted) is attached to the wall or a special dielectric substrate, which is used if the base is flammable. Installation of such products is easier, but the appearance is specific. Currently, they are mainly used in . Sometimes overhead sockets can be seen in technical rooms, change houses, garages. In those rooms where there are practically no strict requirements for appearance.
There are also retractable sockets that are successfully used in the kitchen. They can be built into the countertop, the bottom of the wall cabinet, the side of cabinet furniture and even into the floor. Built-in electrical outlets are convenient and functional. You need to turn on household appliances or a device - open / lift the lid, sockets appear. There is no need, the lid is closed.
Degree of protection IP
Electrical outlets also have such a technical characteristic as the degree of protection IP ( International Protection Marking. Translated from English - "international protection codes"). It shows how the product is protected from moisture and dust. Electrical outlets can be designed for different operating conditions, in accordance with this they are produced in cases with varying degrees of security. The most common types are:
- with protection class IP 20. For rooms with normal conditions, with running heating in the cold season.
- IP21, IP22. Can stand in rooms without heating, on the street under canopies.
- IP43, IP44. In rooms with high humidity, near water sources (moisture-proof sockets).
- IP 54, IP 55. Can stand outdoors under the open sky.
It is unlikely that it will be possible to find sockets with a higher degree of protection in ordinary stores, but these also meet all the requirements for an apartment or a private house.
The degree of protection IP is indicated in the technical data, and the scope - in the description
An electrical outlet for outdoor installation can also be equipped with a protective cover that prevents dust from entering the contacts. Such products can be installed in pools, baths and other rooms with high humidity.
By the number of slots in one housing
A different number of sockets can be placed in one housing. If the number of sockets is two or more, such products are called socket blocks. They can also have built-in switches or sockets of other types - for connecting the Internet, for example, a USB cable, etc.
Often there are such options for sockets:
In modern new buildings, blocks are used, consisting of several single internal sockets, which are given integrity with a common frame. As a rule, each socket is installed in its own round socket box.
To install socket blocks, rectangular universal socket boxes can be used, which in many cases is more convenient than using round socket boxes.
Electrical sockets with additional features
There are power outlets in every home, office, and workplace. There are even in outbuildings and separate toilets. And it is not surprising that manufacturers are trying to diversify the range. There are some very interesting options.
There are backlit sockets - the LEDs light up when the plug is connected, and there are also with funny faces
With power monitoring functions
During the overhaul of wiring or when laying new networks, the lines are laid according to modern requirements - through circuit breakers, with the installation of RCDs, stabilizers, etc. on the necessary lines. But there are many dwellings in which the wiring is several decades old. It is quite functional, but from the means of protection and control there are only a couple of traffic jams or machines at the entrance to the house / apartment. To solve security problems at least for the most sensitive and expensive devices, you can install an electrical outlet with voltage control or RCD.
Electrical outlet with built-in RCD. Powerful household appliances should be included in dedicated lines, on which circuit breakers and RCDs should be installed. If there is nowhere to install them in the shield, you can put an electrical outlet with an RCD. If a leakage current appears in the line or on the connected device (occurs during an insulation breakdown or if someone touches the bare live wires), the protection will work and the RCD will turn off the power.
With overvoltage protection. Power surges are often observed in our networks. If there is no general or local voltage stabilizer, and equipment that is sensitive to power quality and expensive will be plugged into the outlet, you can install an outlet with surge protection. If the threshold voltage is exceeded (different models have a different threshold, but usually it is 275 V), the power is turned off.
Sockets with surge protection - a useful thing for sensitive equipment
With increased ease of use
"Advanced" models of electrical outlets provide additional features that can solve many problems.
With timer. Convenient thing. You turn on some device, set the time after which it must be turned off and that's it. At the right time, a special mechanism will open the contact and the device will turn off.
Electrical sockets with a timer - mechanical and electronic
The simplest sockets are with a mechanical timer (pictured above on the left), but there are also electronic ones. And the electronic one can also be programmable, in which you can set a schedule for switching on and off.
With extension. We are often faced with the need to use an extension cord. You can use a regular one, but there are sockets with a built-in extension cord. Under them, of course, you need a large cavity in the wall, but you will never lose such an extension cord, i.e. the storage problem is solved. When folded, the cord is wound around a drum hidden in the wall, the socket is used as usual. You need an extension cord - just pull it, if you don't need it - pull it a little towards yourself and the wire will be wound up.
In addition to conventional extension cords, there are models with an extension cord and a tee. One socket remains on the wall, two - move on the cord. Also a handy thing.
With child protection
There are two types of electrical sockets with child protection. In one, the holes into which the fork is inserted are closed with protective shutters, which move away only if pressure is applied to both shutters at the same time. Moreover, it is necessary to press with a certain effort, which a small child is simply not able to develop. An electrical outlet with protective shutters is not much more expensive than a regular one, but it is a reliable protection against children.
Child-proof electrical outlet - you can use more than just plugs
The second type of electrical sockets with child protection - with rotary shutters. To insert a plug into such an outlet, you need to pry the curtains with the pins of the plug and turn them to a certain angle. Then the holes in which the contacts are located will open.
Design features
Electronics and electronic devices are becoming more and more part of our everyday life. Probably everyone has already heard about the “smart home” system. But few people know that there are electrical outlets that can be controlled from a mobile phone. Using a smart socket, you can, for example, remotely turn on and off an electric fireplace in the country. You can also turn off the iron if you inadvertently left it on when leaving home.
There are other, not so exotic models.
With USB port (connector). We already have so many electronic devices that need to be recharged that it is necessary to organize separate socket blocks for them or install USB hubs. Another option is to put an outlet with a USB port / connector or several. In one building there can be from one to four or five.
Combined with a switch. In one case, not only several sockets, but also switches can be installed. Since the installation height of switches has recently been small - at the level of a lowered hand (85-95 cm from the floor), sockets are quite appropriate there. And through such models, you can turn on the lamps. For example, wall sconces or lamps on bedside tables. It will be convenient to turn on / off the lighting, and there will also be where to connect the charger.
With lids. There are also sockets with protective covers. They are often placed on the street or in a dusty room so that dust and dirt do not settle on the contacts. Most often they are found with lids rising up, which rise if you need to turn on the device - the lid remains raised until you pull out the cord. The lid itself may or may not be transparent.
There are rotary models in which the lid opens to the side, like a door (in the figure above, on the right). And it opens only to insert the plug. Then the lid can be closed, as a special notch is made under the cord. Such "draconian" measures are needed for places with very dusty production.
Not only do household networks have different voltages in different countries, in many of them sockets have a special shape. Before the trip, you need to find out what type of socket is in the country in order to buy the appropriate adapter. Of course, they are there, but in an unfamiliar place it can be difficult to find.
In many European countries, sockets are used the same as ours, but almost everywhere they are with protective earth. European standard sockets are used in the following countries:
- Germany;
- Spain;
- Czech Republic;
- Poland;
- Bulgaria;
- Belgium;
- Hungary;
- Lithuania;
- Latvia;
- Slovenia;
- Sweden.
There is no news here: a plug with a socket that is familiar to us, no adapters are needed. In other European countries, electrical installation products have their own standards. But in stores you can find adapters for the European standard, and in buildings of modern construction two types of sockets are often installed, since devices with plugs of both types are used.
In some European Union countries, electrical outlets of a different type are installed. Basically, they have three plugs in the plugs, respectively, three holes in the sockets. The plug to which the protective earth is connected can be of the same shape as the phase plugs, or have a different cross section. In Italy, there are three plugs in the plugs (phase, zero and earth) - they have the same size and shape and are located in one line not far from each other, the “earth” plug is the middle one. This type of sockets and plugs is called type L.
In Switzerland, there are also three round plugs, but the middle earth one is located below and all three contacts form a triangle - this is the type of N socket.
A similar picture in India, but the grounding contact has a larger cross section and is slightly lower than that of the Swiss sockets - the triangle is equilateral (type K).
In the USA, Canada, the Philippines, Thailand and Japan, the plugs have rectangular pins for phase conductors and a semi-circular pin for connecting the protective earth. They are located at the vertices of the triangle. In the UK, the pins are also rectangular, but they are thicker and have a different orientation in space (type G). Rectangular but thinner pins in Australia, New Zealand and China. There sockets are the same, type I.
If you are primarily interested in quality, then we advise you to pay attention to the products of leading European brands:
- Legrand (France);
- Schneider-Electric (France);
- Simon (Spain);
- Merten (Germany);
- GIRA (Germany);
- ABB (Germany);
- FEDE (Spain);
- Bticino (Italy);
- JUNG (Germany);
- ELSO (Germany);
- Vimar (Italy).
Particularly popular in Russia are sockets and switches from the French company Legrand, and specifically the Valena series - quality at a reasonable price. Schneider-Electric has popular Grossa and Unica series.
Wiring elements are an integral part of any electrical network. It is with their participation that the use of electricity is carried out. Therefore, during the repair process, the question often arises of how to choose sockets and switches for an apartment in order to ensure maximum convenience and comfort. There are a lot of selection criteria, but it is recommended to start by studying the varieties of these products.
Design features of sockets and switches
Almost all switches and sockets are used multiple times throughout the day for extended periods of time. In addition, they are constantly exposed to mains voltage. Therefore, when solving the problem of which sockets and switches to choose, one should pay attention not only to external data, but first of all, take an interest in their reliability and safety in operation.
The main function of such products is to provide network switching with electrical appliances and lamps. During operation, there is a constant opening or closing of contacts. In sockets, the pins of the plugs are connected to the contact petals, and in the switches, keys are provided for this purpose. Under the influence of the flowing current, the contacts are constantly heated. An additional negative effect is exerted by an electric arc that occurs at the moment of breaking the circuit, due to which premature destruction of the contact groups often occurs.
High-quality products with an optimal design successfully cope with all loads and serve the terms that the manufacturing company sets for 15-20 years. They are not subject to overheating, do not allow sparking and are resistant to high temperatures.
When choosing an electrical outlet or switch, you need to check the quality of the main structural components. In sockets, these are contacts made in the form of petals. A strong metal spring is installed at the base, connecting them together. If such a spring is absent, then the product is unreliable and will not last long. Therefore, such a socket is not suitable for an electric stove hob.
For the manufacture of high-quality contacts, a material with good electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion is used. The basis of the entire socket is the core, inside which the petals and contact clamps are connected. In old sockets, it was ceramic, and now a special electrical plastic is used for it, which is not subject to overheating and is resistant to mechanical stress.
Varieties of electrical sockets
How to choose an outlet? Typically, sockets are available with or without grounding (Fig. 1), which are selected in accordance with the technical conditions. For example, or in bathrooms where powerful equipment is installed, sockets are subject to mandatory grounding, including those used for the hob.
For rooms with high humidity, it is better to choose sockets equipped with covers (Fig. 2). They are installed in swimming pools, bathrooms or outdoors, as is often the case in private homes. The protective cover covers the socket and is an effective barrier to moisture. In addition, such products have an additional degree of protection.
In many cases, it is much more convenient to use double sockets (Fig. 3) installed in a common mounting box. When buying, you should pay attention to the quality of the internal elements, since such products are often subjected to double loads.
In children's rooms, sockets equipped with a special valve or protective shutters are installed (Fig. 4). Thus, the device is protected from childish pranks and opens only under the action of an electric plug. Another type of socket has an ejection function (fig. 5) that allows you to easily remove the plug. The wire is additionally protected from damage, which is especially important with frequent changes in household appliances.
The so-called smart sockets (Fig. 6) are equipped with a timer that turns off at a set time. In this case, the plug remains connected to the device, but it turns out to be de-energized.
There are other types of sockets used in low-voltage networks. Antennas, radio points, etc. are connected to them. Some designs are equipped with several connectors at once. In private homes, power sockets can be installed for connecting electric motors, welding and other powerful equipment.
Electrical switches
When solving the problem of how to choose a switch, it should be noted that these devices, like sockets, are presented in a wide range. In most rooms, conventional appliances are installed. Recently, switching devices equipped with backlight have become popular. They are installed in the darkest places - corridors, hallways, kitchens, etc.
There are switches with a basic function. They are used in conjunction with conventional incandescent lamps. According to the method of inclusion, they can be mechanical or sensory type. The light level is changed by simply turning the knob. Pass-through switches are designed to control light from various points in the room. They can be equipped with several keys connected to different lighting groups.
According to the type of design, the switches are divided into one-, two- and three-key devices. All appliances, both sockets and switches, are designed for use with concealed and outdoor wiring. The designs of such devices are fundamentally different from each other.
Criterias of choice
The basis for reliable and durable operation of switching devices are contacts that provide connection to the electrical network.
According to their design features, contact systems are divided into two main groups:
- Screw. They have been used for a long time and are still used, including with a ground electrode. They are considered the most reliable, but require regular tightening at least once every 3 months. This is due to the gradual shrinkage of the conductor under the action of helical pressure, as a result of which the contact with the network becomes weaker. If you do not tighten it, it will gradually burn out due to repeated overheating, especially when using the socket for the hob.
- Quick release. Compared to screw contacts, they have undeniable advantages. Contacts after shrinkage are automatically tightened by means of a spring, periodic tightening is not required. The minimum service life of such systems is 15 years. Ideal for use in apartments and private homes. The new sockets have a grounding contact.
Of great importance is the material from which the switching devices are made. The strength of the product largely depends on this. The following types of materials are mainly used:
- Metal. Applies to switches only.
- Various types of heat-resistant and impact-resistant plastics.
- Plastic with rubber properties for waterproof products.
These options are considered the best, providing high quality products. Devices made from them are not destroyed by accidental impacts, they are resistant to high temperatures and do not ignite in case of short circuits and other damage to the network. Anti-vandal products used for outdoor installation and in public places are considered especially durable.
The main facing materials are thermoplastic and duroplast. The first option is characterized by high plasticity and is used in most products. The only negative is the appearance of scratches from any mechanical influences. The second material has higher strength and rigidity. It is non-flammable and does not leave scratches on its surface. Duroplast is very fragile, but subject to the rules of operation, this drawback is not noticeable at all.
Non-standard materials are used in the design of interiors of premises in design solutions. The color of the sockets imitates wood, stone, glass. They are not as safe to operate, so they require additional measures and better electrical wiring.
Electrical outlet safety
Compared to switches, sockets carry higher loads and are subject to the damaging effects of electric current. In this regard, safety issues in the operation of these devices are in the first place.
First of all, for each device, you need to determine which current and voltage are best suited for it. For most sockets, you should choose values corresponding to 6A and 250 volts. Before choosing, you must make sure that the degree of protection is suitable for the future place of operation.
The packaging of sockets and switches is marked with an IP code that corresponds to a certain level of protection. It contains two numbers. The first digit is in the range from 0 to 6 and it is used to select the degree of protection from dust and small objects:
- 0 - no protection at all.
- 1 - protection against objects larger than 50 mm.
- 3 - the same for objects over 12 mm.
- 4 - the same for objects over 1-2.5 mm.
- 5 - dust protection.
- 6 - full protection against ingress of dust and objects, regardless of size.
The second digit corresponds to the degree of protection from moisture. In this case, the range is 0 to 8:
- 0 - the product is not protected in any way.
- 1 - protection against drops falling vertically.
- 2 - drops fall at an angle of 15 degrees.
- 3 - splashes of moisture at an angle of 60 degrees.
- 4 - splashes of any format, in addition to those listed.
- 5 - light water jets.
- 6 - strong water jet.
- 7 - short-term immersion in water.
- 8 - prolonged stay in water (full protection).
The most prestigious are products from manufacturers Legrand, Schneider, ABB and others. Everyone knows their advantages, it remains only to choose a specific product for certain operating conditions. The high cost is due to the same high quality and durability of these devices.
More economical options for the home are offered by Viko and IEK. They are of decent quality for a reasonable price. As a rule, these products work out the declared service life. Which one to choose, everyone decides for himself.
There are a lot of counterfeit products under the brands of well-known brands at present. To accurately select the switches of the desired type, you should follow some rules:
- Fake plastic is smelly. Therefore, it is best to sniff such sockets immediately.
- Estimate the weight of the device in your hand. The chosen expensive socket cannot be light, as they are made of high-quality and durable materials with normal thickness. The fakes feel too light, which is noticeable almost immediately when you pick them up.
- You need to carefully examine the body. There should be no cracks, and technical gaps are visible in a minimum amount. Original products are easily disassembled and assembled, and fastening is carried out using latches. If the case is screwed or soldered, then this device is counterfeit and can pierce to the ground.
- Check the appearance and condition of the contacts of sockets and switches. In normal condition, they are golden in color and are not subject to corrosion. Darkened metal parts indicate poor quality.
During our grand renovation, I had, among other things, to select and install the required number of sockets and switches throughout the apartment. Naturally, I wanted these to be the most optimal electrical installation products in terms of price and quality, but unfortunately theoretical searches did not give me a clear answer to the question, which sockets are best, but only sowed a bunch of doubts in my head.
Which sockets are better - my selection criteria
- optimal price-quality ratio;
- only sockets for flush mounting into the wall were considered;
- maintainability, aesthetic appearance and user reviews were analyzed;
- the comparison did not include both overly cheap and primitive, and overly pretentious and expensive specimens;
- for comparison, I took classic samples from each model range in the same price category, so I had to distinguish two price groups in order to be completely objective;
- only those sockets that I saw with my own eyes, felt, tried, compared in work participated in the rating.
So, I outlined my approximate requirements for answering the question of which sockets are better. If interested, you can read in more detail about my criteria for selecting high-quality electrical installation products in the article. Of course, no one is safe from fakes, and if one fell into my hands, then an erroneous opinion could have formed about the manufacturer. Therefore, in no case do I pretend to be the truth, but I pursue only a narrative goal.
Whose sockets are better - rating of manufacturers
Most of the presented brands of sockets and switches are more or less known, and we have a separate detailed comparative article about each of them. Our top ten contenders for the title of the best include such brands as:
According to the pricing policy, all these manufacturers had to be conditionally divided into two groups - this is a large budget group and a trio of heavyweights. Therefore, we will compare the participants within each of these groups.
Higher price group of sockets and switches:- - french brand
- - italian brand
- - German brand
Any of these sockets will become a worthy decoration of your home.
In general, with regard to the products of all the above brands, we can say this: if you want to buy not only more expensive, but also better, feel free to choose Germans, Italians or French - here only the subjective personal feeling from meeting face to face or by touch plays the final role. The main thing is not to get lost in the variety of collections. All standard solutions from these manufacturers are almost comparable in price. And these are really high quality products!
Legrand- in the first place because of the opportunity to offer the most affordable price. The main advantages of this French brand are excellent quality and a wide range of colors and models.
Sockets Legrand
Schneider Electric a little more expensive. But this German brand, first of all, tries to take into account the wishes of consumers, so all their products, including sockets and switches, are broadly focused. Here you can find both budget models and products designed for a wealthy buyer, and in the first and second cases these will be samples, the German quality of which is simply impossible to find fault with - everything is so impeccable and beautiful that you feel like a child playing with the legendary LEGO constructor .
Bticino at the average price of its products, it outdid the two previous brands. However, when I held Bticino products in my hands, I felt goosebumps with delight, but Legranda and Scneider Electric did not. Perhaps due to the fact that Legrandom will no longer surprise anyone, but I saw the products of intricate Italians for the first time. It was the Bticino switches that I installed in my new apartment. I could not resist their quality and appearance, despite the rather high cost. Which, by the way, I don't regret at all.
Products of the Italian brand Bticino
Not mentioned here ABB concern only because I have not had my own experience with this brand. This applicant is better known as a leader in the field of electrical wiring protection systems. But ABB sockets and switches can also be members of the higher price group.
It is very pleasant that in this case the high price of sockets and switches fully corresponds to the quality of these products. Having proven themselves in the West and also known throughout the world, these manufacturers cannot lose face. The more interesting it will be to deal with more budget solutions.
Which sockets are better in a lower price groupAt the first place - . Perhaps it may seem to some that the first place is not entirely deserved: awkwardly shaped sockets and switches with huge buttons and wide margins. However, in terms of plastic quality, this is the best of the contenders, and at the price it is more profitable than competitors in block design. It is no secret that today it is not relevant to install single sockets, even if the socket is designed for one device, there must be a reserve. If earlier ANAM had only one collection on our market - with the same ivory color design, today everything has changed. The new Zunis collection from Anam-Legrand makes it possible to realize various design fantasies. A very worthy choice, time-tested!
I will give the second place to three contenders at once - Makel, GUSI and Lezard. Here you should focus on your taste, as well as on the availability for replacement! Makel is already known in Russia, Lezard is not yet so developed, and GUSI, until recently, did not have the highest reputation, although it has become better with the advent of new collections. All representatives of this group, in addition to good plastic, have only one flaw - the contact groups are not well developed: either thin and soft metal, or frail screws and insufficiently large clamps.
A good solid third place is Wessen. As people say: "and cheap - and cheerful!". Perhaps the best replacement for Belarusian sockets, both in concept and in execution. Even at the price Wessen is a very attractive offer. Just don't expect supernatural from Wessen - its price justifies the quality.
In fourth place in the ranking Belarusian sockets. Belarusian sockets are in last place due to a very simple design and negligent execution: either the screw does not hold the wire, or the button falls out or looks ugly. And some switches make an incomprehensible sound, and with installation errors, problems with fuzzy switching occur over time. But despite this, when implementing the maximum budget project, it is better to use Belarusian sockets.
In last place DKC, but in no case due to poor quality. Rather, it is because this brand stands apart: in terms of price, it more claims to be in a high price group, but in terms of quality it cannot yet compete on equal terms with eminent manufacturers. But still DKC is very, very good. His other products are better known - cable channels and other related products. Especially for installation in cable ducts DKC is a particularly good solution. Amazing for industrial premises and offices, but not the most elegant for apartments. Hence its special status and a special place in the ranking.
Thus, in order to determine which sockets are best for your home, look at average-priced products, more or less well-known brands. The products of "solid middle peasants" are almost never faked, domestic manufacturers can make good electrical installation products, but they still have to catch up with foreign brands. When choosing products of well-known European brands, the main thing is not to run into a fake.
The choice is rather difficult. Electrical goods of Russian and foreign manufacturers are presented on the market in a wide range and in different price ranges. Safety and quality are the main parameters of electrical appliances. It is not worth relying only on external design. We have analyzed the market for electrical goods in terms of price-quality ratio and offer the most reliable sockets and. The best brands of manufacturers according to expert estimates of construction companies are presented in this review.
When choosing the best manufacturers, in addition to the main price-quality ratio, attention was paid to the quality of materials, maintainability, external design, and functional features. Manufacturers of exclusive samples did not participate in the selection. Only classic and traditional.
| Manufacturer/Photo | Brief description, review of advantages and disadvantages |
 | French company with over 100 years of history. Products are known all over the world.Advantages:
Of the shortcomings, only the high price can be noted, which is fully justified by the high quality. |
 | The first Italian manufacturer began to pay attention to product design. The company has been owned by Legrand, a manufacturer from France, since 1989. Up to 1000 new products are produced annually. Advantages:
The only downside is the cost. This did not prevent the manufacturer from bringing products to second place. |
 Schneider Electric | The manufacturer is from Germany, the company was founded in 1836, but they began to be engaged in the production of electrical products from the end of the 19th century. The main workshops are located in France. Pluses:
There are no drawbacks, except for the high price. |
 | Manufacturer from South Korea. The date of foundation is the middle of the last century. Currently, the brand represents Legrand in the middle price category. Advantages:
The company produces sockets with and without grounding. The design of the box is made in the form of a rectangle or oval. Disadvantages:
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 | A manufacturer from Germany produces high-quality German sockets and switches in the budget price range. Rounded lines in the design of the cases, a variety of colors allows you to fit them into any room design. Pluses:
Flaws:
|
 | Representative of Schneider-Electric. In Russia, products are presented in the budget price category. The high quality of the materials used puts the company in the top ten. Advantages:
Devices are produced without it. Modern models are complemented by backlighting. Concealed installation possible. Disadvantages:
|
 | Turkish manufacturer, subsidiary of DernekGROUP. On the market of electrical products since 2007. Advantages:
Flaws:
|
 | A company from Turkey has been known on the market since 1990. Advantages:
Products in the middle price segment have received wide recognition from home craftsmen due to their excellent quality and easy installation. |
 | A group of companies from Russia, in cooperation with French and German manufacturers, entered the market of electrical products in 1999. The main trump card is the cost. The color scheme is offered in neutral or white shades. A collection with a texture design has been released, with which you can decorate any modern interior space. Advantages:
Flaws:
|
 | Russian manufacturer, date of foundation - 1998. There are more than 10,000 products in the product catalog. Advantages:
The negative points include a low range. This is due to the fact that these products are not the main focus of the manufacturer. In addition, the products are quite expensive. |
Which outlets are better to put in the apartment: basic recommendations
The main requirements for the choice of sockets and switches are reliability and convenient operation, since we use electrical appliances in everyday life. In addition, the time of its operation depends on the quality of the product. The use of low-quality products is fraught with significant consequences:
- fire;
- unreliable fastening entails the case jumping out of the box;
- electric shock;
These negative points are characteristic of sockets. For switches, the consequences are not so fraught. When choosing them, it is important to consider compatibility with other light sources, such as diode strips. Flickering may occur if misaligned.
The range of electrical products is quite large, you should not opt for the first model that the home master or the seller at the outlet will advise. It is necessary to independently calculate all compliance with the required parameters.
The main criteria for choosing sockets
- For internal wiring in a room, you need to choose an internal model. Its installation is carried out in a mounting box, for which a corresponding hole is first made in the wall surface. The case remains on the wall;
- for outdoor wiring, it is necessary to install a socket that is completely on the wall surface;
- an important selection criterion is the presence or absence of . If there is a grounding conductor in the wiring, you should choose a grounded outlet;
- the presence of additional springs in the connectors of the sockets will provide a more rigid connection when the plug is turned on;
- if it is necessary to constantly turn on several electrical appliances, it is recommended to install a socket block;
- screw connection of conductors. This is a more reliable way to fix the wire with screws;
- screwless connection in special contact holes - may loosen over time.
In addition to the basic parameters, you can choose with individual characteristics. Models with special protection against childish pranks, additionally equipped with curtains, which, when turned on, are squeezed out with a fork. Or sockets with a special ejection of the plug of an electrical appliance using a key. This is especially true for the kitchen. They completely exclude direct contact of dirty and wet hands.
As an interesting option, you can consider devices with a light indicator, which is very important for use in the dark. The built-in timer allows you to accurately set the time, for example, until the end of cooking.
If necessary, you should choose a floor retractable model that will decorate any interior with its design.
A non-standard solution is a window installation option powered by sunlight. This is an expensive product, but over time, the project pays off completely.
Basic selection criteria for circuit breakers
The choice of the switch should also be approached as prepared as possible. The main parameters are the same as when choosing sockets. First of all, it is important to establish what type of electrical wiring they will be intended for. With hidden installation on the wall surface, only remains in visual view. Mounting with open installation remains completely on the surface.
Symbols are marked on the case. Care should be taken when selecting parameters taking into account the degree of protection.
A wide range of models and colors allows you to effortlessly choose products for any interior design.
Base material
Nowadays, sockets are made from ceramic or thermoplastic. Each of these materials is good in its own way. But safety is affected not only by the base material, but also by the reliability of fastening.
Ceramics
- meets all fire safety requirements, the material is resistant to elevated temperatures;
- the material has a porous base, which contributes to the penetration of dust and moisture. This may cause a short circuit;
- fragility, if dropped, damage is possible.
thermoplastic
- non-flammable, resistant to high temperatures;
- the structure of the material is dense, retains moisture and water on the surface, without changing its dielectric properties;
- Rugged body, low drop damage.
Thermoplastic sockets are more reliable than ceramic sockets, which lose their dielectric properties over time.
Rated current
Before choosing sockets and switches for an apartment, you should clarify the operating parameters: the magnitude and type of current, voltage indicators, its jumps. The household network has an alternating voltage of 220 V, the frequency of which is 50 Hertz.
For the rated current, the load from the operation of electrical appliances in a particular outlet is important. If the passport for an electrical appliance indicates a load of 12 amperes, you cannot choose a socket designed for 6 or 10 amperes. She just might melt. You should purchase a model with a parameter of 12 amperes.
A correctly marked marking for this example will look like this: ~ type of current is alternating, rated current 16 A, voltage 220 V.
Important! If there are no symbols and markings on the outlet, you should refuse such a purchase.
Properly selected parameters will extend the life of the outlet.
Degree of protection
This is one of the most important criteria. There is a general classification of notation standards, knowing which you can easily select the required model. Designations on the IPAB body, where "A" is the numerical designation of the diameter and type of object from which the electrical device is protected. "B" - moisture protection.
| Parameter designation "A" | |
| Parameter | Diameter, mm, object type |
| 1 | From 50, palm. |
| 2 | From 12 to 50, palm and fingers. |
| 3 | From 2.5 to 12, palm, fingers, tool for manual use. |
| 4 | 1 to 2.5, all of the above plus small fasteners and conductors. |
| 5 | Reliable protection of the body from dust and mechanical impact of objects. |
| 6 | Dust-proof housing, full protection against mechanical influences. |
| 0 | The case is not protected |
| Parameter designation "B" | |
| Number | Moisture protection |
| 1 | Protection against vertical individual drops |
| 2 | Protection against individual drops in vertical and 15° angles. |
| 3 | Protection against drops similar to rain. |
| 4 | Protection against water splashes falling under various slopes. |
| 5 | Protected against jet water. |
| 0 | Housing is not waterproof |
In an example, it looks like this. In an ordinary room, sockets with the designation IP 20 are suitable, for the bathroom, IP 44 models should be used.
Rating of sockets and switches of a high price category
The rating of premium electrical installation products includes devices costing the equivalent of $5 or more. Their quality is confirmed by international safety standards. Manufacturers with a long history fight for the high quality of each product. A lot of time is devoted to the release of new collections. It should be noted the recognized leaders Lergrand, Bticino and Schneider-Electric.
As an example, you can pay attention to the latest models and collections of manufacturers.
Sockets and switches "Legrand": collection "CELIANE" - innovations in the present
In the non-working state, the case is in line with the frame, excluding contact with the wiring. This is designed to reduce dust settling.
Safety, stylish appearance and natural purity are the main standards of the Legrand premium line.
Bticino's Living Light Air collection switch - a breakthrough into the future
The thinnest frames up to 5 mm thick. Anthracite color will emphasize the uniqueness of each room. Within the frame, you can install a case with 1 or 3 keys.
Frames are the main focus of the collection. The thinnest material in a range of 11 colors. You can pick up beautiful switches and sockets for any decoration of your beloved home.
Sockets and switches "Schneider-Electric" collection Unica TOP - the energy of modernity
The collection was created for true connoisseurs of beauty. Natural wood and metal, heat and cold. Products are suitable for both classic style and hi-tech.
Rating of sockets and switches of the middle price category
It is quite difficult to choose a leader in electrical products in the budget price segment. Many manufacturers produce products in the middle price category. Here, the choice should be made based on the design and color scheme of the models. You can dilute the interior with non-standard round switches and sockets. For a moderate cost, you get a unique performance.
It is important to bear in mind that the brand line may not have the necessary version of the frame or filling of the device.
Surface-mounted socket "Makel" Siva
Additionally - grounding. Can be used, cottages or, if the wiring in the apartment has changed, after repair work
Vico switch Karre
Two keys on the body can control multiple light sources. For this model, you should purchase a frame for 1 nest. The frames of this collection can be bought for 2-6 nests.
Sockets and switches "ABB": collection BUSCH JAEGER LEVIT
Colorful design will enliven even the most puritanical interior. The coating consists of two layers, the visual sense of the movement of the design.
Sockets and switches: the best brands of 2017-2018
The domestic market presents products of different manufacturers in a wide price range. There are designer sockets and switches that are produced on an individual order only in a minimum quantity. The cost of such products will be significantly higher than the average level. In addition, production and delivery may take a long time.
If you choose from well-known manufacturers and judge by consumer reviews on well-known Internet sites, the distribution can be made as follows.
Manufacturer "Schneider Electric" - only premium class
The world leader in the production of electrical products has been in the lead for many years. The benchmark for quality and value. Products are always distinguished by simple installation and comfortable operation.
Manufacturer "Legrand" - variability of models
The top leaders included the products of this manufacturer, as the highest quality. One of the few, Legrand supports a broad pricing policy. A feature of the products is the release of additional elements, with the help of which the life of the fittings is extended.
Producer "Vico" - national brand
A manufacturer from Turkey since 1990 has been gaining the authority of home craftsmen and professionals. A wide range of colors and a variety of shapes, affordable cost, quality, compliance with all safety requirements put the manufacturer in the top well-known leaders.
Producer "Bticino" - unique design
The manufacturer produces unique premium models, the cost of which reaches several thousand rubles per unit. The basic collection, designed for different wallets, is constantly maintained.
Manufacturer "Anam": sockets and switches of budgetary cost
Manufacturer of sockets and switches "Anam" of the middle price segment. Since the end of the last century, Legrand bought it, which significantly improved the technical characteristics of the products.
Unusual models of sockets and switches
Manufacturers constantly surprise consumers with their new products, offering non-standard solutions. In the trading network, such instances are not often found. If desired, you can order the product you like. We offer you to see what sockets are, you will see something of an unusual design for the first time.
| Photo | Description |
 | Built-in Wi-Fi router in the socket housing. The color version is available in black, white and beige. |
 | Models supplemented with a watt meter. |
 | Built-in extension cord, the length of which reaches one and a half meters. |
 | Socket-tee manufacturer Legrand. Cost from $30. |
 | Safe sockets. To turn them on, you need to insert the plug and turn. It is recommended to install in houses with small children. |
 | Socket with built-in switch. |
 | Powered by solar energy. Installation is carried out on a window block. |
 | Stash - socket imitation |
 | Art products in the form of a mouse house, locker. The imaginations of designers in ideas from cartoon series in this solution are limitless. |
Installation of sockets and switches - highlights
It is not recommended to independently connect sockets and switches without basic information. At first glance, this is a rather simple process, but it requires primary knowledge of electrophysics.
Features of the preliminary preparation of the installation of products during the repair.
- In solid wall surfaces made of concrete or brick, it is necessary to prepare mounting holes with a diameter of not more than 50 mm using a perforator or drill with an impact mode;
- then it follows from the shield or from the place of transfer to the place where the box is fixed to lay a strobe. The strobe is performed only at a right angle along a line parallel or perpendicular to the floor;
- then the cable is laid in the strobe, after which it should be fixed with alabaster. For switches, a cable with a cross section of 1.5 squares is suitable, for sockets - 2.5;
- to connect wires of different materials (aluminum with copper) should be used. From the usual twisting of the wires, they can oxidize, which will become an obstacle to the passage of current;
- before installing the socket, it is necessary to fix the socket box in the mounting hole with the help of alabaster. Alabaster should fill all the voids.
These are the main preparatory work before installing sockets and switches. Some time must pass for the alabaster to completely solidify.
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