Elena Polyakova
Project “Pineapple and its secrets. Growing exotic plants on the example of Ananas comosus ”(preparatory group for school)
Project: « Pineapple and its secrets»
(cultivation of exotic plants on the example of Ananas comosus).
Duration project: short term
Type of project: cognitive-exploratory
Members project: children, parents, teachers.
Children's age: 6-7 years old.
Relevance project: The environmental problem is one of the most acute problems of our time. The future of mankind depends on the level of ecological culture of each person, his competent participation in their decision. Currently, on the shelves of our stores you can find all kinds of vegetables and fruits, including exotic for our area. Children are attracted to everything interesting and unusual. Learn about the most useful rainforest plants, exotic fruits and medicinal plants, which can be useful to a person in a tropical rainforest, the children were very interested and suggested grow in our group any one of the tropical plants, to grow to see for yourself and with your own eyes how it growing. The children were very interested in such a fruit as a pineapple. And got confused pineapple is a plant, bush or tree? During the implementation of this the project is supposed that children not only recognize the names exotic plants and their appearance but also their useful qualities. Through research, children will become familiar with the features of - pineapple(conditions of its growth, methods of reproduction). Children learn a lot of new words - concepts and names. In the process of work, the development of cognitive processes, feelings of sympathy will naturally occur. Of particular importance will be communication skills aimed not only at the conflict-free communication of children with each other, but also at a careful attitude to nature in general.
Object of study: pineapple thailand.
Subject of study: Process .
Target: Creation of conditions for acquaintance of children with exotic fruit(Thai pineapple) .
1. To form children's ideas about exotic fruit pineapple.
2. To form the ability of children to care for plants, meeting the conditions necessary for growing exotic fruit.
3. To educate children of 6-7 years old to respect nature and the world around them.
Hypothesis.
In conditions groups from the grassy part of the fruit perhaps grow large and beautiful herbaceous plant.
Problematic situation.
How grow this fruit, how a pineapple?
Work principles.
1.The principle of natural conformity: it is necessary to take into account the nature of the child - gender, age; build activities in accordance with interests and needs.
2.The principle of interaction and cooperation between children and adults: participation in the organization of educational work of teachers, parents and children.
Materials and ingredients for the experiment.
Fruit a pineapple, plastic cups, plastic plates, pot and earth and soil for planting.
Expected result.
Children are interested in growing exotic plants.
Children apply put into practice their theoretical knowledge.
Children independently display their observations by regularly sketching changes that occur with pineapple.
Parents are actively involved in project activities.
Relationship with other activities.
Organization of educational activities from the section "Formation of a holistic picture of the world" (educational field - cognitive development).
Conversations, observations ( educational areas: cognitive development, speech development, social and communicative development).
Implementation stages project.
1. Preparatory stage
Introduction to biological description exotic plant.
Conversation "What is a pineapple? What does it look like? Istrian origin.
Collection of information from various sources about exotic plant pineapple.
Help in forming a hypothesis.
Familiarization with useful properties pineapple. Conversation with children "Beneficial features exotic fruit pineapple» .
Conversation with children "Dishes from pineapple» .
- Conducting a survey with children:
1. What is a pineapple? Is it grass, bush or tree?
2. Do you know about the benefits of this fruit?
2. Practical stage
Organization of experimental - experimental activities.
1. Sprouting the roots of the grassy part of the fruit a pineapple.
2. Examination of the roots of the grassy part pineapple with a magnifying glass, fixing morphological changes.
3. Landing plants in soil and soil.
Study and implementation of care exotic plant.
Gathering information from various sources about caring for pineapple.
Conversations "How to take care of pineapple?» , "Where plants grow and how to take care of them, "What they love plants?» , "What way growing plants the lightest and most affordable?
Organization of the creation of an album with children about pineapple.
- Reading fiction: Farmer's Calendar, V. Bianchi.
Farmer's Calendar, N. Pavlova.
- Speech development:
Proverbs and sayings about plants.
Poems about pineapple.
Riddles about a pineapple.
Fruit riddles.
- Game activity:
Didactic games: "What is it?", "Learn by description", "Where what grows» , "Find and Name".
Outdoor ball games "Catch - throw, immediately answer", "I was born a gardener...".
Artistic - productive activity:
Drawing « A pineapple» .
Drawing « Exotic fruits» .
Application « A pineapple» .
modeling "Amazing nearby".
Health saving activity.
Conversation: "Benefit pineapple» .
- Joint and independent activities of children:
Examination of pictures, illustrations, photographs with an image exotic fruits
Drawing plants by design.
- Working with parents:
Consultation for parents and teachers "How grow pineapple at home»
Brochure "History of culture pineapple»
3. Final stage
Co-designing a presentation Growing exotic plants, on the Ananas comosus example, on the territory of MDOU "Kindergarten No. 192".
Acquaintance with the experimental - experimental activities of children through the presentation.
Conclusion:
During our research work, we:
1. Learned what it is a pineapple;
2. We got acquainted with the biological description of this plants;
3. Learned the history of cultivation pineapple;
4. Learned about the beneficial properties pineapple for man;
5. Familiarize yourself with the use pineapple in cooking how to eat it properly. We tried the fruit
6. Studied germination and sowing of a pineapple plant.
7. Planted a pineapple.
8. Learned all about caring for it exotic plant.
9. Recorded the growth process and morphological changes in the herbaceous plants pineapple.
10. Studied the conditions growing pineapple indoors.
11. Monitored growth and development pineapple.
12. Children have developed such skills as observation and work with material, the ability apply their knowledge in practice.
Thus, the hypothesis posed at the beginning of the work has been fully proved.
Pineapple is not just an exotic plant, growing in various countries of the world, but also material widely applicable man in life, cooking, cosmetology and decorative culture ( plant growing in favorable home conditions). We proved that, from the grassy part pineapple you can grow a plant in a preschool.
Bibliography:
1.Book: Field practice in botany; The authors: M. M. Starostenkova, M. A. Gulenkova, L. M. Shafranova, N. I. Shorina Publishing House: Moscow, "Higher school» ;The year of publishing: 1990
3. Modern botany - In 2 volumes - Volume 1.
Raven P., Evert R., Eichhorn S. 1990
4. Bondarenko T. M. Ecological classes for older children preschool age. - Voronezh, 2004
5. Shipunova T. Ya. Ecological education of children preschool age. - Novosibirsk, 1994
6. S. N. Nikolaeva "Young ecologist" program. M., 2010
7. S. N. Nikolaeva "Methodology of ecological education preschoolers» M., 1999
8. M. M. Markovskaya "Corner of nature in kindergarten", M., 1989
9. E. A. Rumyantseva « Projects in preschool educational institution: the practice of teaching children 3-7 years old ", Volgograd, 2013
10. http://indoorplants.com.ua/ ananas/vyrashchivaem-ananas-doma/
11. http://sovets.net/2030-kak-vyrastit-doma -ananas.html
The purpose of my work- grow an avocado plant at home.
project product will be an avocado plant.
To achieve this goal, I need to solve the following tasks:
- Collect material on the topic.
- Analyze the collected information.
- Collect and prepare seeds for sowing.
- Germinate and plant seeds.
- Observe and record plant growth.
Methods:
- Search for information on the Internet, in the library.
- Study and analysis of literature.
- observation, comparison.
- Agricultural practices for growing avocados.
Conclusions:
- After studying the literature on growing avocados at home, I learned that it is more efficient to propagate avocados (Avocado) can be vegetatively or by grafting.
- Therefore, I grow two more plants to obtain material on these propagation methods.
- Work on the formation of an avocado plant will continue.
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Abdrafikova Irina
Project Manager:
Galimova Maria Sergeevna
Institution:
MBOU secondary school No. 38, Ozersk
In the educational research work in biology on the topic "Tree from the stone" the author set a goal to identify what conditions are needed for the growth and good development of exotic plants in a room environment, to learn new and interesting things from plant life.
More about work:
The basis of the individual project on the surrounding world is the description by the author of background information on the cultivation of such exotic plants as dates, tangerines and pomegranates by sprouting the seed of their fruit. The author conducts an experiment and determines the conditions that allow growing a tree from a stone at home.In the finished research biology project "Bone Tree" the author considered the principles of cultivation and the rules for caring for dates, pomegranates and tangerines at home, an experiment was conducted on the germination of the seeds of the fruits of these plants, their sowing and monitoring of growth. During the experiments, the author identified the factors necessary to grow and maintain an exotic plant for our area at home.
Introduction
1. Plants from the stone.
2. The composition of the soil. landing conditions. Planting plants.
conclusions
Conclusion
Literature
Application
Introduction
We have a lot of plants at home, including exotic ones. I love them and take care of them. Many of them my mother and I raised from seeds.
Growing plants and observing them is a very exciting and educational process. The development of a plant from the germination of a seed to the appearance of the first flowers or fruits is the magic of nature. Science confirms that plants grown from seeds have some benefits. These plants stronger, healthier, richer bloom. Not to mention the pleasure of the process, when a beautiful flower or tree grows from a small bone. It takes a lot of time and patience before a full-fledged plant grows.
Due to the growing popularity of exotic plants, I decided to conduct a series of experiments related to identifying the conditions necessary for their development. By exotic plants, I mean plants that are unusual for our area.
Objects my research - exotic plants: date, mandarin and pomegranate.
Subject of study : conditions that allow you to grow a tree from a stone at home.
I chose this project topic because I wanted to find out what needs to be done to make this miracle of nature happen - the transformation of a small seed into an adult plant.
A plant begins its life from a seed. A tiny seed falls into the ground, it begins to grow, a root and a sprout appear, then leaves, flowers and fruits.
Goals:
- Find out what conditions are needed for the growth and good development of exotic plants in a room setting.
- Learn new and interesting things from plant life.
- Expand your horizons and expand your vocabulary.
Tasks:
- Select and study additional literature on the topic of the project.
- Carry out practical work: seed selection, sowing, care, growth monitoring.
- Learn how to take care of your plants.
- Compare the results and summarize.
- To identify during the experiments the factors necessary in order to grow and maintain an exotic plant at home.
The relevance of research associated with the popularity of breeding ornamental exotic trees indoors at the present time.
Hypothesis. If we succeed in growing and preserving date, pomegranate and mandarin (exotic plants) from the stone, then we can say that it is adapted to domestic conditions, despite the difference in climatic conditions in which it grows in nature.
Practical significance: research is expanding the understanding of growing exotic trees. The recommendations proposed in the work allow you to competently approach the germination of seeds and grow healthy, strong plants in the future. Gaining more knowledge about the environment.
Research methods: experiment, observation, description.
Plants from the stone
Date fruit (lat. Phoenix)- genus plants of the palm family. Representatives of the genus are trees or squat shrubs with pinnately divided leaves. Most species are single-trunked trees, but there are species with multiple trunks. The leaves are long, with strong sharp spines at the base.
The flowers are small, yellow in color, collected in paniculate inflorescences.
Date palm Phoenix dactylifera is a very tall palm tree, the trunk reaches a height of 15-30 m, the trunk becomes bare over the years, the leaves are curved, green. The fruits are edible.
On the market, as dried fruits, you can buy the fruits of the date finger.
Care: temperature: moderate, winter temperature for Canarian and finger dates is 8-16°C.
Lighting: a very bright place, direct sun is useful. For uniform development of the crown, the date is periodically turned in different directions towards the light, while the top of the last young leaf should be directed deep into the room, and not towards the window. In summer, if possible, the date palm is taken out into the garden, a place is chosen protected from the wind.
Distributed in the Canary Islands, in the oases of the Sahara, Arabia and Western Asia.
Pomegranate Punica granatum- This is a deciduous tree with erect, strongly branching shoots covered with grayish-brown bark. Leaves sessile or on short petioles, lanceolate, obtuse at the end, up to 7 cm long. The flowers are solitary, formed at the ends of the shoots. Pomegranate is a perennial tree of a subtropical climate, however, by the age of 50-60, the yield decreases, and old plantings are replaced by young ones.
The flowers are bell-shaped double and single, orange-red, reach 4 cm in diameter.
The leaves are oval, light green, 3 cm long. They form spherical pomegranate fruits with a leathery pericarp and numerous juicy seeds. Lives up to 50 years, reaching a height of up to 5-6 m. The fruit is the size of an orange, its peel is from orange-yellow to brown-red. The natural range of the pomegranate covers Western Asia, including the territories of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, South Armenia, Georgia, Iran, the southern part of Western Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. In Central Asia, wild pomegranate is found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
Mandarin(lat. Citrus reticulata) is an evergreen plant, a species of the genus Citrus ( Citrus).Word " mandarin» is borrowed into Russian from Spanish (probably through French). Spanish title" mandarino"derived from" se mondar " (« easy to clean”) and contains an indication of the property of the peel of the fruit to be easily separated from the pulp.
Young shoots are dark green. The leaves are relatively small, ovate or elliptical, the petioles are almost without wings or slightly winged. The flowers are solitary or placed in pairs in the axils of the leaves, the petals are dull white, the stamens are mostly with underdeveloped anthers and pollen.
Native to southern China and Cochin China; in the wild state is unknown. Introduced to Europe only at the beginning 19th century.
In India, the countries of Indochina, China, South Korea and Japan - the most common citrus culture. It is also widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean - in Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Turkey; grown in Abkhazia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as in Brazil and Argentina.
Soil composition. landing conditions. planting
In our experiment, we used expanded clay drainage (Sad Miracles company), as it prevents soil acidification. Optimizes moisture and air exchange. Eliminates the appearance of mold and mosses on the surface of the soil. Helps plants to endure periods of forced drought.
Nutrient soil "Palma" (fully prepared, neutral). Contains biohumus (organic fertilizer). Firm "Garden of Miracles". It is especially effective for growing large specimens of ornamental plants: palms (dates, chamerops) and others.
Nutrient soil "Lemon", ready-made neutral, highly supplied with nutrients. Firm "Garden of Miracles".
Remedy for soil pests "Flyeater". It is used to combat soil flies and fungal gnats on indoor plants. Firm "August".
For planting, we purchased fruits of date-dried fruits, tangerine and pomegranate in the store.
The date seed is very hard. To speed up the seed germination time, we used the following methods:
1. Soak- soaking, wetting, soaking seeds, immersing seeds in water or various aqueous solutions or wetting them with water and solutions before sowing. We chose ten seeds suitable for planting, cleaned, washed, soaked for a day in warm water.
2. Scarification(from lat. scarifico- scratch) - partial violation of the integrity of the hard waterproof shell of seeds in order to facilitate their swelling and germination and increase the percentage of germination. There are mechanical, for example, rubbing seeds with sandpaper or rubbing with sand, iron filings and other materials, and chemical scarification, for example, etching with sulfuric acid, followed by washing with water. With scarification, the strength of the seed coat decreases, and they germinate easier and faster.
When the bones were swollen, we carefully scratched ten of them with a needle for faster penetration into the water. Two bones were left untouched for comparison.
Pomegranate and tangerine seeds were cleaned of pulp and washed.
All the seeds were placed in wet gauze, placed in a foam pad, as it insulates heat so that moisture does not evaporate, covered with plastic wrap, and the date was written. Seeds need warmth to germinate, so they were placed on a windowsill.
Result: table
As a result, it turned out that those seeds that were scarified germinated faster.
We chose containers for seedlings of different sizes. Date fruit we planted in a deep container, 10 cm in diameter, to avoid damage to the roots during further transplantation. pomegranate and tangerine planted in shallow containers, 6-7 cm in diameter. Drainage was placed at the bottom of the pots. Soil was poured for the date " Palm", for pomegranate and tangerine - primer" Lemon". Germinated seeds were carefully placed, soil was poured on top, with a layer of 1 to 1.5 cm. For comparison, non-germinated seeds were planted. They poured it with pre-prepared water at room temperature, glued leaves with dates and names of plants. All the pots were placed in plastic bags and placed on the windowsill.
Result: table
Eventually, it turned out that not all pomegranate and tangerine seeds germinate evenly. Some germinated pomegranate seeds rotted from excess moisture after planting. Mandarin seeds planted by soaking without sprouting germinate more slowly than sprouted seeds. Unsprouted dates germinate longer than other plants due to the hard shell of the seeds.
Result: table
After the appearance of the first shoots, the plastic bags were removed so that the plants adapted to room conditions. Watched the growth, watered, fertilized.
In the summer, they were taken to the dacha (Argayashsky district), grown on an open terrace, away from direct sunlight.
In winter, some dates and pomegranates were left in the country house at a room temperature of 12°C. Rarely watered. The remaining dates and mandarin were grown in an apartment at a temperature of 22-25°C. Seven months later we got a good result.
conclusions
After analyzing our observations during the experiment, and having studied additional materials on the topic of the project, I made the following conclusions:
- The plant needs water. Each seed has a supply of nutrients, a small "pantry". But seeds can only use nutrients dissolved in water. Therefore, when the seeds are placed in a humid environment, the nutrients dissolve in the water and give the seed the strength to grow.
- The plant needs air. Like all living things, the seed breathes oxygen. And oxygen, as you know, is contained in the air. Without access to air, the plant will die.
- The plant needs warmth. In heat, all processes occur faster. In the cold, the seed does not germinate. Without heat, the plant goes into hibernation and may even die.
- The plant needs light. Under the action of sunlight, nutrients are produced in the leaves of plants. The leaves are living plants» for food production. They contain a sticky green substance called chlorophyll. Plants use it to make their own food. It looks like a sweetish juice and is called resin. Entering all parts of the plant, resin nourishes it and gives strength for growth. The formation of nutrient juices in the leaves of plants is called photosynthesis.
- The plant gets its nutrients from the soil. Plant roots draw water and minerals from the soil. If the soil is poor, then the plant develops worse. Therefore, people apply fertilizers to the soil in order to get a good harvest.
Conclusion
Our studies have shown that even exotic trees can be grown indoors.
- factors close to the climatic conditions in which it grows;
- exotic plants need water, light and heat;
- exotic plants are able to adapt to home conditions.
In particular: location.
Growing exotic plants in our latitudes is an interesting and rewarding activity. Most indoor plants - natives of the equatorial latitudes feel great on the southern windowsills of the northern countries, bloom and bear fruit. The main thing is to provide them with proper and regular care, a lot of light, heat and moisture, as in their native climate, and then you can recreate a small tropical garden in your home.
My work has confirmed that tropical plants can be grown at home. I managed to grow tropical plants at home. The results of my work can find practical application: grown flowering plants can be used for classroom gardening, school recreation or donated to friends and relatives.
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Preview:
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Secondary school No. 6"
Research work
Growing tropical plants at home
Completed by: Tkachenko Alexandra
Grade 9
Head: Nemirovich Natalia Nikolaevna
biology teacher
Sergiev Posad
2018
1. Introduction
2. Main body
2.1. Avocado
2.1.1. Biology of avocado
2.1.2 Useful properties of avocado
2.2 Mango
2.2.1. biology mango
2.2.2. Mango fruit. Benefit.
2.2.3. Mango fruit. Harm.
2.2.4. How to eat mango fruit?
2.3. pomelo
2.3.1. Biology pomelo
3. Practical part
3.1. Growing avocados
3.2. Mango cultivation
3.3. Growing pomelo
Conclusion
Literature
Introduction
A rare apartment does without greenery, but not many people decide to take on the cultivation of tropical plants at home. Unpretentious bushes are usually settled on the windowsills, which can be watered from time to time and only occasionally fertilized.Indoor plants look wonderful in the interior of houses and apartments, have a positive effect on well-being, refresh the atmosphere, please the eye and soothe. In a flower shop, of course, the heart stops in front of racks with lush foliage, beautiful flowers and outlandish names, but everyone understands with their minds that these are museum exhibits, nothing more, and such miracles in an apartment are simply not able to grow, because they come from the tropics.But sometimes you want something original, unusual, rare, something that could surprise guests and be proud of. This is about exotic plants that can be grown indoors. Avocado, pomelo, pomegranate, pineapple, bonsai, cypress, jasmine and many other wonderful plants can decorate your home. In my work, I will tell you how I grew tropical plants in room conditions.
Purpose of work: Creating a favorable climate in the rooms for tropical plants.
Tasks:
- Learn to recognize indoor plants and care for them;
- Develop aesthetic perception in interior design;
- Improve artistic taste.
- To develop cognitive interest in students by introducing them to search and design creative work.
Expected results:
- Be able to identify indoor plants;
- Be able to grow tropical plants from seeds;
- Know how to care for indoor plants;
- Be able to perform planting techniques, take care of plants;
2. Main body
2.1. Avocado
2.1.1. Biology of avocado
The history of the use of avocados dates back at least 7 thousand years, but they began to actively cultivate it in the middle of the 18th century, however, the fruit quickly spread around the planet. Avocado came to Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, and nowadays it is bred in 50 countries of the world.
Avocados can be pear-shaped, oval or spherical, up to 10 cm long and weighing up to 1.5 kg. In total, more than 200 varieties of this fruit grow in the world, only a few species are sold in Russia. Most of us folks don't even think about it. But the type of avocado depends on its fat content, texture and taste.
Avocado ("alligator pear") - a species of evergreen fruit plants from the genus Perseus of the Laurel family. The shape of an avocado can be ovoid, more often pear-shaped. A ripe avocado has a green or dark green color, tender oily pulp and a stone inside. Avocados ripen after harvest. Unripe avocado fruits are delivered for export and to stores, which ripen during the period of transportation and sale of the fruit.
Avocados are native to central Mexico. Avocados are now grown in many tropical and Mediterranean countries due to their commercial viability.
The taste of an unripe avocado is reminiscent of that of a pumpkin or an unripe pear, the flesh is firm and the skin is firm. But a ripe avocado has a delicate pulp with a taste of mashed greens and butter with a subtle nutty aftertaste, and when pressed, a hollow remains on the peel.
A ripe avocado, or rather its flesh is subject to enzymatic browning, it turns brown rather quickly as a result of contact with air. To prevent this, after peeling the avocado, sprinkle the flesh with lemon juice.
This exotic fruit has a rich composition, including vitamins and minerals.
2.1.2. Useful properties of avocado.
Avocado has many health benefits. First of all, avocados are valued for their ability to suppress and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Thus, avocados can prevent breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.
Avocados contain more carotenoids, lutein, than any other fruit we eat. Lutein protects against molecular degeneration and cataracts, which are age-related eye diseases.
Avocados are high in beta-sitosterol, a compound that helps lower blood cholesterol levels. In support of this, a study was conducted in which 45 volunteers participated, who had to eat one avocado after a meal for a week. As a result of the study, excellent results were achieved, cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 17%, and this was only in one week.
One cup of mashed avocado pulp contains 23% of the recommended daily allowance of folic acid, and regular consumption of it, in turn, significantly reduces the risk of a stroke attack and the development of other cardiovascular diseases.
Regular consumption of avocado strengthens the immune system, relieves fatigue and irritability. Avocado has a tonic effect, increasing physical endurance and activity, resistance to stress.
The benefits of avocados bring to our health a lot, but the harm that it can have is rather small. Avocado can cause harm to health only in case of individual intolerance. And yet, you should not try “on the tooth” a stone and avocado leaves, as they contain toxic substances that can cause allergies or digestive problems.
Today, avocados are used in many salads and sauces. This fruit is loved all over the world. But few people know about its beneficial properties, which, by the way, are not few!
Avocado is rich in nutrients and at the same time very high in calories. It contains 245 calories per 100 grams of product. However, it does not contain harmful fats and sugar, so it is actively included in the diet.
The composition of avocados includes components that prevent the formation of cholesterol in the blood and break down the already accumulated. So for those who like to eat a sandwich with tea for breakfast, I advise you to replace the butter and cheese with the pulp of a ripe avocado with olive oil and a little salt.
Avocados hold the record for vitamin E content, so in winter, when the skin is a little dry and the lips are chapped, avocados are especially useful!
Believe it or not, avocado contributes to the anti-aging protection of cells and stimulates their oxygen enrichment. It includes natural hormones and other biologically active substances that have a rejuvenating effect on the human body.
The beneficial properties of avocados have also been used by manufacturers of cosmetics. Avocado is an excellent source of glutathione, an important antioxidant that plays an important role in preventing aging, which is why avocado extract is included in the anti-aging cream. It is also used in moisturizing and cleansing skin creams, as well as sunscreens, lipsticks, bath oils, conditioners andvitamin hair mask .
Avocado oil has the highest level of penetration into the skin and has an excellent emollient and soothing effect on it.
2.2 Mango
2.2.1. Biology of mango.
The mango (Indian mango tree) is an evergreen tree originally native to India, where, as in Pakistan, it is now considered the national plant. Under natural growing conditions, depending on age and variety, its height can reach from ten to forty-five meters, and the crown diameter is from five to twenty. Delicious mango fruits are called "fruits of the gods".
The fruit of the mango tree has an oblong and rounded shape, slightly compressed from the sides. The shiny skin of the fruit is quite smooth and dense to the touch. If the fruit is not ripe, then the peel of the fruit is green.
To date, a huge number of varieties of mangoes are known, the fruits of which have a different weight and color of a dense, smooth skin. The average weight of a fruit ranges from two hundred grams to one kilogram. The color can be white, greenish yellow, bright green, yellowish orange, red, black.
Depending on the variety, the shape of the fruit may be ovoid or spherical. They have juicy, fibrous flesh that is yellow or orange in color. When ripe, it has a sweet taste with a slight sourness. The aroma of fruits varies, it can resemble peach, apricot, rose, melon, pineapple, lemon. When cutting the fruit, inside it is impossible not to notice a large bone, which has a flat shape and a fleecy surface. The size of the seed (pit) is also quite impressive. In length, it can be from five to ten centimeters, and in weight up to fifty grams.
Mango is an exotic fruit for the northern latitudes, and therefore few residents of temperate climates know about the benefits of the fruit itself, how to use it correctly and what to be afraid of. Mangoes are grown in Southeast Asia, and India is the undisputed leader in this matter. It is in this country that about 70% of plantations of various crops that are purposefully grown by man are mango trees. It is difficult to say what happened in the beginning: at first, mango became a symbol of India and its national fruit, and therefore it is grown so much or vice versa, at first they began to grow it, and only then it became a symbol of India. Of course, one thing - it was India that became the birthplace of mango trees, the fruits of which in this country can be found in any grocery store, not to mention supermarkets.
There are many types of mangoes. According to some sources, there are about 400 of them. So, they are trying to mythologize the fruit itself to an even greater extent, giving it a direct relationship to something Indian. It is believed that there are exactly as many varieties of mango fruits as there are dialects in India itself.
Experts count from 800 to 1500 varieties of this fruit. But it should be noted that no more than fifty, or rather, 35 fruits of this wonderful fruit are suitable for consumption. A few centuries before our era, itinerant Buddhist monks introduced the inhabitants and merchants of East Asia to mangoes, and the Persians exported this fruit to East Africa.
Thus, mango has been known for more than 2.5 millennia, but, as we see, interest in it has not decreased over time, and in India itself it is used by both aristocrats and the poor. And so we should take a closer look at it.
2.2.2. Mango fruit. Benefit.
There is no doubt that the fruit itself is very beneficial for health. Otherwise, it would not have been used with such persistence for more than 2.5 millennia, and the Americans would not have tried to bring it out more than 100 years ago in their latitudes.
Hundreds of peoples and thousands of generations cannot be wrong, which means that it makes sense to consider in more detail what all these people found in it so valuable, to whose wisdom we sometimes so often appeal.
The ancients noticed a long time ago that the use of the fruits of the mango tree prolongs life and warns the body against many diseases. Leaving for distant northwestern countries, merchants stayed on the road for a long time, and noted a decline in strength and shaky health, which were observed due to the absence of these fruits in the daily diet.
Later, scientists found that mango has a whole complex of useful substances and vitamins, its use has a preventive effect on a person, preventing the most serious diseases.
Regular consumption of mango leads to the fact that the blood vessels are strengthened, cholesterol is removed from the blood, and the heart muscle is strengthened, and its work is greatly improved.
The substances that this fruit contains also perform a hematopoietic function. It is these properties of the fruit that make it possible to avoid cardiovascular diseases, which today affect 15-17% of the inhabitants of countries in the post-Soviet space.
A comprehensive study by American and Australian scientists of the beneficial properties of mango has shown that daily consumption of this fruit relieves atherosclerosis, leads to normal blood sugar levels, which helps prevent the onset of a disease such as diabetes mellitus. In addition, the substances of this fruit reduce allergic and inflammatory processes in the body, improve brain function.
The huge content of vitamin A in mango has a stimulating effect on improving human visual functions, eliminates dryness of the cornea, helps to cope with diseases such as night blindness, and prevents cataracts and other eye diseases.
In addition to vitamin A, the fruit contains vitamins such as C, D and, of course, B vitamins. In addition to vitamins, mango contains phosphorus, iron and calcium. According to the composition of mineral substances, it is similar to an apple, and therefore has all the same consequences as when eating apples.
An English proverb says that by eating an apple a day, you save on doctors. This is fully true in relation to mango, the use of which strengthens the immune system, protects against acute respiratory infections, infections and colds.
2.2.3. Mango fruit. Harm.
Excess is always bad. Everywhere and in everything. This fully applies to the use of the fruits of the mango tree. If you lean heavily on the use of these fruits, then the first thing that can be felt very quickly is an upset bowel.
Eating more than 2 fruits a day, you can feel a stabbing pain in the abdomen, as well as irritation of the throat mucosa. Further, an allergic reaction to the fruit itself may follow.
A rash may well occur throughout the body, which clearly indicates an excessive ingestion of mangoes into the body. Despite the fact that, unlike many exotic fruits, mango does not require any adaptation period, nevertheless, it is worth remembering that it was brought from afar, which means that there are some restrictions in its use.
You can not use mango and those people who suffer from diabetes. The fact is that the fruit contains a lot of sugars, such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, xylose and others. This means that despite all the preventive effect of eating the fruit of the mango tree, diabetics will have to refuse it.
2.2.4. How to eat mango fruit?
Every time you encounter a new type of food, you involuntarily wonder what to do with it. Mango is no exception. Faced for the first time with this fruit, they try to peel it, which, as described above, is not suitable for consumption, and eat it like an apple.
There are no contraindications to such use. The only disadvantage of such use is the huge risk that all hands will be in mango juice up to the elbow, and it will definitely fall on clothes. And this juice is displayed very badly, and you run the risk of parting with spoiled clothes forever. And if the process of eating mango takes place somewhere at a party, then you risk ruining the evening for yourself and your hosts.
To avoid such embarrassment, it is necessary to eat mangoes in more accurate ways. To do this, an incision is made along the entire length of the fruit on both sides, thus cutting off all the pulp from the fruit bone.
In the hands will be two halves of the fruit, which can be turned out with the pulp out, cutting it into small squares on the peel, which are very convenient to eat without risking getting dirty.
2.3. pomelo
2.3.1. Biology pomelo
The first mention of the use of pomelo dates back to 100 BC. The records are preserved in Chinese manuscripts. The homeland of the pomelo is considered to be Malaysia, the southeastern part of Asia, the islands of Fiji and Tongo. Pomelo is considered a symbol of well-being and prosperity, so in China this fruit is usually given on the eve of the Chinese New Year. For offerings to the gods and rituals, the fruit is used in Thailand. The pomelo was brought to European countries by a British navigator in the 14th century. To date, pomelo is cultivated on an export scale in China, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Israel and Tahiti.
Pomelo ) are the citrus fruits of the evergreen tree of the same name. Pomelo is a relative of tangerines, oranges and grapefruit. By the way, this is not a variety of grapefruit, but an independent species. In size, it is much larger than the citrus fruits known to us. The taste is also slightly different. The birthplace of pomelo or pomeplius is the south of China and the equatorial islands of the Pacific Ocean. In particular, it is quite common in the Cook Islands. In the 15th century, pomeplius came to Europe, spread to Barbados, to the islands of the Caribbean. Now quietly growing in Taiwan, southern Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Tahiti, California, and even Israel. Since this fruit was brought to Europe by the English navigator Sheddock, in some places the name after his name was assigned to it, it is called that - sheddog. At home in China, this fruit is especially popular. The Chinese consider this fruit a kind of symbol of prosperity and give it for the New Year, so that prosperity and good luck come to the house. Maybe that's why the Chinese kept these fruits a secret from strangers for so long. Pomelo trees are quite tall, sometimes reaching a height of 8-10 meters. The branches have large glossy leaves and many internal spines, some varieties without spines. Pamela blooms with large white flowers, the fruits grow either singly or in 6-8 pieces in close proximity to each other. The fruits are large, ranging in size from two to three kilograms, sometimes up to 10 kg are found. The peel is dense yellow-green. Under the peel are large slices and large seeds. The aroma is quite pleasant, like all citrus fruits. Pamela, although outwardly reminiscent of a grapefruit or an orange, is much larger in size, and the taste is also not at all the same, less sweet with a slight pleasant bitterness. The peel of the fruit is quite thick, and the slices are large, separated by hard white partitions, bitter in taste. The color of a ripe pomelo can vary from light green to yellow-pink. The pink color usually acquires only one side, which during ripening was turned to the sun. The fruit is the champion among citrus fruits. Its diameter can be 30 cm, and its weight can reach 10 kg. The taste of pomelo is very close tograpefruit , however, the flesh is not as juicy and, when peeled, the inner membranes are more easily separated from the edible part.
2.3.2. Useful and healing properties.
Pomelo contains a wide range of vitamins (, , IN 1 , IN 2 , B5), minerals ( calcium , potassium , iron , phosphorus , sodium ), fiber, essential oils and organic acids. Nutritionists consider this product to be useful and recommend its use while following a diet. This is due to the ability of pomelo to accelerate metabolic processes, which in turn leads to the burning of body fat and weight loss.
The high content of vitamin C in pomelo increases the body's resistance, helps fight viruses and bacteria, especially in the autumn-spring period. It is also used to reduce pressure, prevent the formation of blood clots in the vessels and tumors of various etymologies.
This fruit is very juicy, perfectly quenches thirst and hunger. Very rich in essential oils, antioxidants and ascorbic acid. At home, pomelo is widely used in the treatment of colds. Pamela juice is rich in flavonoids, which reduce the action of free radicals that cause aging of cells, and also has antiseptic properties and the ability to strengthen the immune system. Seed extract is successfully used in the treatment of infectious diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, in the treatment of eczema, fungal infections, psoriasis. The pulp of the fruit has a beneficial effect on the digestive system, it absorbs toxins, improves the breakdown of protein and fats, cleanses the liver, pancreas and intestines. In fact, pomelo is a natural antibiotic. It is successfully used for the prevention of the body with low hemoglobin, with atherosclerosis, with high blood sugar, with hypertensive heart disease. Pomelo improves vision at night. The use of pamela in nutrition increases hemoglobin. Local healers use pamela to prevent the development of cancerous tumors. To do this, use the peel, which contains a large amount of bioflavonoids that can stop the development of cancer cells. It is especially effective for the treatment of breast cancer in women. What it looks like from a scientific point of view is not yet known, but there are very, very many positive examples.
- Practical part
Growing tropical plants at home is easy. Everyone can do it, even those who have no experience in gardening. It is necessary to choose a plant and follow the method of growing it. Well, I chose avocados and mangoes, watched them, watered them, measured them. Now I have wonderful plants on my windowsill that continue to grow and delight me every day. Now I will tell you how to plant and care for them.
3.1. Growing avocados
3.1.1. Experience Description
1. Pull out the bone. Carefully cut the avocado so as not to damage the stone located in the center of the fruit. Make an incision 1.2 cm deep around the fruit, then unscrew the two halves in different directions. Carefully remove the bone and set aside.
2.Clean the bone. Rinse the stone carefully in warm water, removing any remaining pulp with your hands. Do not use soap, and try not to damage the brown shell, otherwise the stone may deteriorate and not germinate.
3. Insert the toothpicks into the bone. Holding the pit with the pointed end up, insert four toothpicks into the middle of the pit, about 5mm deep, evenly spaced. Thus, the bone can be half immersed in water in a glass, without complete immersion.
4.Fill a glass or other container with water. Pour water up to the brim into a small narrow container (preferably glass). The stone should fit in this container without problems, but if the container is too wide, the toothpicks will not reach the edges and the stone will fall into the water.
5. Place the bone with inserted toothpicks on the edges of the container. The toothpicks should rest on the edge of the container, leaving the bone half submerged in the water. Make sure the sharp end of the pit is pointing up and the blunt end is in the water, otherwise the pit will not sprout.
6.Wait for germination. Place the container of avocados in a secluded area near a window or other well-lit area. Over time, roots and sprouts will appear.
3.1.2. Plant development observation. Avocado.
the date | Changes | Leaf development |
02.04 | Put in water | |
25.04 | A spine appeared | |
13.05 | Planted in the ground | |
16.05 | Plant growth: 5mm | |
19.05 | 1.5 cm | |
20.05 | 2 cm | |
21.05 | 3cm | |
22.05 | 3.9 cm | |
25.05 | 6.5 cm | |
01.06 | 16 cm | 3 cm |
08.06 | 21 cm | 6-7 cm |
15.06 | 23 cm | |
22.06 | 24.5 cm | |
29.06 | 25 cm | |
06.07 | 28 cm | |
13.07 | 30 cm | |
20.07 | 32 cm | 17cm |
27.07 | 33 cm | |
03.08 | 34 cm | |
10.08 | 35.5 cm | |
17.08 | 37 cm |
3.2. Mango cultivation
3.2.1. Experience Description
1. We extract the bone from a ripe fruit. To do this, cut it in half, take out the bone and clean it from the remnants of the pulp.
2. If the fruit is well ripened, perhaps the bone in it has already opened. Otherwise, you will need to open it yourself with a knife. This is done so that the sprout easily and freely penetrates the ground and quickly begins to develop. Remove the seed from the shell carefully so as not to damage it. If the bone is very dense and it is impossible to split it, leave it to ripen. To do this, wrap the bone with a wet napkin and place in a warm place. Do not forget to periodically add water so that the napkin always remains moist. It can take up to two weeks for a seed to germinate.
3. Pour drainage from pebbles into the bottom of the pot with a layer of 2 cm. Fill the pot with soil. Dig a hole up to 3 cm deep in the center, pour warm water over it and place the seed in the ground with the sharp end down so that a quarter of it remains above the ground. This part does not need to be covered. If you correctly position the seed, then its root will be at the bottom, and ¼ of its part on the surface. Now carefully water the planting.
4. We build a mini-greenhouse over the pot. To do this, cut a plastic bottle and put the top with a lid on the pot. Now put the pot in a warm, well-lit place and wait for seedlings. Open the cap on the bottle periodically to allow air to enter. The bottle can be replaced with cling film stretched over the surface of the pot.
5. The first shoots appear after about 3-4 weeks. All this time, do not forget to maintain moderate humidity and provide a consistently high temperature (not lower than 22-25 ° C).
6. Young shoots need light, warmth and moisture. In addition to regular watering, spray the seedling.
7. A grown, strengthened seedling is planted in a more spacious pot filled with fertile soil.
3.2.2. Plant development observation. Mango.
the date | Changes | Leaf development |
02.04 | planted | |
15.04 | There was a post | |
16.04 | 4.5 cm | |
17.04 | 6 cm | |
20.04 | 7.8 cm | |
23.04 | 10 cm | 8 cm |
26.04 | 10.5 cm | |
28.04 | 11 cm | |
05.05 | 11 cm | |
12.05 | 11 cm | |
19.05 | 11 cm | |
26.05 | 12 cm | 12 cm |
02.06 | 16 cm | |
09.06 | 17 cm | |
16.06 | 17 cm | |
23.06 | 17 cm | |
30.06 | 17 cm | |
07.07 | 19 cm | |
14.07 | 21 cm | |
21.07 | 21 cm | |
28.07 | 21.3 cm | |
04.08 | 22 cm | |
11.08 | 22 cm | |
18.08 | 22 cm |
3.3. Growing pomelo.
3.3.1. Experience Description
1. In order to grow a pamela fruit in your home, you first need to acquire seeds. To do this, you should buy fresh fruit in the store. For planting, it is worth choosing only the largest seeds-seeds and leaving them to dry for a while in the air.
2. Then you should take a saucer (or other shallow container) and cover its bottom with a napkin or cotton wool soaked in water. Then you need to put the seeds in a warm place, regularly wetting the napkin.
3. When the seeds of the fruit germinate, it will be necessary to prepare another container for the further cultivation of the crop tree. The bottom of the tank is recommended to be laid with drainage.
4. Pamela grows well at home in a regular soil mixture, which can be purchased at any flower shop. Pomelo seeds are planted in holes about 1.5-2 cm deep. At the same time, the roots should be directed down.
Conclusion.
My work has confirmed that tropical plants can be grown at home.I managed to grow tropical plants at home.The results of my work can find practical application: grown flowering plants can be used for classroom gardening, school recreation or donated to friends and relatives.
In conclusion, I want to say that growing exotic plants in our latitudes is an interesting and rewarding activity. Most indoor plants - natives of the equatorial latitudes feel great on the southern windowsills of the northern countries, bloom and bear fruit. The main thing is to provide them with proper and regular care, a lot of light, heat and moisture, as in their native climate, and then you can recreate a small tropical garden in your home.
Literature:
Plant care. 300 questions and answers by I. Krupichev, 2004.
- Avadyaeva E.N. Houseplants, Moscow "Olma-PRESS" 2001
- Nosov A. Medicinal plants, Moscow, 1999
- Pleshakov A.A. From earth to sky, Moscow "Enlightenment" 2010
- Serpukhova V.I. "Indoor plants", M., 1991
- Stepura A. “Indoor plants. Practical encyclopedia”, Mir knigi publishing house, Moscow, 2004
Internet resources:
