The name "Xeranthemum" comes from the Greek words "xeros" - "dry" and "anthemon" - "flower", for its widespread use in dry bouquets.
Homeland - the Mediterranean, the southern regions of the European part of Russia, the North Caucasus, the Balkans. 6 species are known. Plants annual herbaceous, erect, densely or tomentosely pubescent. The leaves are arranged in the next order, elongated or lanceolate. Inflorescences solitary, white, pink, purple. Large petal-shaped scales of a multi-row wrapper give decorativeness to the inflorescences. The fruit is a wedge-shaped, brown-brown achene with a yellow or brown tuft. In 1 g up to 700 seeds.
Xeranthemum annual- X. annuum L. Homeland - the south of the European part of Russia, Crimea, Ciscaucasia, the south of Western Europe, the Mediterranean.
The plant is annual, herbaceous. Stems erect, strongly branched, 50-60 cm tall. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, alternately arranged. Stems and leaves are silky tomentose pubescent. Inflorescences - single baskets, white, pink, purple, 3.5-4 cm in diameter, on long, thin peduncles. The flowers are small. The inner leaflets of the multi-row wrapper of the inflorescence are petaloid, membranous, rigid, much longer than the flowers and of the same color. Blooms in July-September. The fruit is a seed. Seeds in the conditions of the middle lane ripen in August-September, remain viable for 2-3 years. In culture since 1570.
In nature, plants with non-double inflorescences are more common. In floriculture, semi-double (X. a. var. ligulosum hort.), terry (X. a. var. plenum.) and multi-flowered (X. a. var. multiflora hort.) forms and varieties are mainly used.
Currently, only mixtures of colors of terry or semi-double forms of xeranthemum are found on sale. However, varieties of this crop are also known:
Rose- with terry inflorescences with a diameter of 3.5 cm and pinkish scales-“petals”;
violet purple- with inflorescences with a diameter of 3 cm, painted purple with a raspberry tint.
Location: plots on sunny places, cold hardy.
The soil: not demanding, but feels better on light nutrient soils. To obtain friendly seedlings in the initial period of vegetation, it requires sufficiently moist soil, and from the moment budding and flowering begins, it prefers drier conditions, without needing watering.
Care: simple and consists mainly of weeding and loosening the soil around the plants.
reproduction: by sowing seeds in March - April in boxes. Seedlings dive in 3 pieces in 9 cm pots. Planting seedlings in the ground is carried out in late May - early June according to the scheme 25 x 20 cm. It is possible to sow in open ground ridges, but flowering will not occur until August at have a good summer. Seedlings in the latter case must be threaded. AT middle lane and to the south, sowing in open ground is preferable, since the plant does not tolerate transplantation well. To the north it is better to grow seedlings, otherwise the plant will bloom too late.
Usage: in landscaping, xeranthemum can be used in border plantings, in flower beds and in rockeries, but mainly goes as an immortelle for cutting, which is produced with incompletely opened baskets.
For drying Xerantsumum inflorescences are cut in the phase of incomplete dissolution and dried, hanging in bunches in a dry, shaded place. To give dry inflorescences a brighter color before drying, they can be lowered for 2-3 seconds in weak solution of hydrochloric acid(1:12), then gently shake and dry in the usual way.
6 species are known. Plants annual herbaceous, erect, densely or tomentosely pubescent. The leaves are arranged in the next order, elongated or lanceolate. Inflorescences solitary, white, pink, purple. Large petal-shaped scales of a multi-row wrapper give decorativeness to the inflorescences. The fruit is a wedge-shaped, brown-brown achene with a yellow or brown tuft. In 1 g up to 700 seeds.
Xerantemum annual - X. annuum L.
Homeland - the south of the European part of Russia, the Crimea, Ciscaucasia, the south of Western Europe, the Mediterranean.
The plant is annual, herbaceous. Stems erect, strongly branched, 50-60 cm tall. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, alternately arranged. Stems and leaves are silky tomentose pubescent. Inflorescences - single baskets, white, pink, purple, 3.5-4 cm in diameter, on long, thin peduncles. The flowers are small. The inner leaflets of the multi-row wrapper of the inflorescence are petaloid, membranous, rigid, much longer than the flowers and of the same color. Blooms in July-September. The fruit is a seed. Seeds in the conditions of the middle lane ripen in August-September, remain viable for 2-3 years. In culture since 1570.
In nature, plants with non-double inflorescences are more common. In floriculture, semi-double (X. a. var. ligulosum hort.), terry (X. a. var. plenum.) and multi-flowered (X. a. var. multiflora hort.) forms and varieties are mainly used.
Currently, only mixtures of colors of terry or semi-double forms of xeranthemum are found on sale. However, varieties of this crop are also known:
Rose - with double inflorescences with a diameter of 3.5 cm and pinkish "petals";
Violetpurpur - with inflorescences 3 cm in diameter, painted in purple with raspberry tint.
Location: areas in sunny places, cold-resistant.
Soil: not picky, but feels better on light nutrient soils. To obtain friendly seedlings in the initial period of vegetation, it requires sufficiently moist soil, and from the moment budding and flowering begins, it prefers drier conditions, without needing watering.
Care: simple and consists mainly of weeding and loosening the soil around the plants.
Reproduction: by sowing seeds in March - April in boxes. Seedlings dive in 3 pieces in 9 cm pots. Seedlings are planted in the ground in late May - early June according to a 25 x 20 cm scheme. It is possible to sow in open ground ridges, but flowering will not occur until August with a good summer. Seedlings in the latter case must be threaded. In the middle lane and to the south, sowing in open ground is preferable, since the plant does not tolerate transplantation well. To the north it is better to grow seedlings, otherwise the plant will bloom too late.
Use: in landscaping, xeranthemum can be used in border plantings, in flower beds and in rockeries, but mainly goes as an immortelle for cutting, which is produced with incompletely opened baskets.
For drying, the inflorescences of xerantsum are cut off in the phase of incomplete dissolution and dried, hanging in bunches in a dry, shaded place. To give dry inflorescences a brighter color before drying, they can be dipped in a weak solution of hydrochloric acid (1:12) for 2-3 seconds, then gently shaken and dried in the usual way.
Name: comes from the Greek words "xeros" - dry and "anthemon" - flower, for its widespread use in dry bouquets.
Description:
homeland - the Mediterranean, the southern regions of the European part of Russia, North Caucasus, Balkans. 6 species are known. Plants annual herbaceous, erect, densely or tomentosely pubescent. The leaves are arranged in the next order, elongated or lanceolate. Inflorescences solitary, white, pink, purple. Large petal-shaped scales of a multi-row wrapper give decorativeness to the inflorescences. The fruit is a wedge-shaped, brown-brown achene with a yellow or brown tuft. In 1 g up to 700 seeds.
| Xeranthemum annual - X. annuum L.
Homeland - the south of the European part of Russia, the Crimea, Ciscaucasia, the south of Western Europe, the Mediterranean. The plant is annual, herbaceous. Stems erect, strongly branched, 50-60 cm tall. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, alternately arranged. Stems and leaves are silky tomentose pubescent. Inflorescences - single baskets, white, pink, purple, 3.5-4 cm in diameter, on long, thin peduncles. The flowers are small. The inner leaflets of the multi-row wrapper of the inflorescence are petaloid, membranous, rigid, much longer than the flowers and of the same color. Blooms in July-September. The fruit is a seed. Seeds in the conditions of the middle lane ripen in August-September, remain viable for 2-3 years. In culture since 1570.
Currently, only mixtures of colors of terry or semi-double forms of xeranthemum are found on sale. However, varieties of this crop are also known:
Photos of Zheltikova Marina |
Location: areas in sunny places, cold-resistant.
The soil: not demanding, but feels better on light nutrient soils. To obtain friendly seedlings in the initial period of vegetation, it requires sufficiently moist soil, and from the moment budding and flowering begins, it prefers drier conditions, without needing watering.
Care: simple and consists mainly of weeding and loosening the soil around the plants.
Reproduction: sowing seeds in March - April in boxes. Seedlings dive in 3 pieces in 9 cm pots. Seedlings are planted in the ground in late May - early June according to a 25 x 20 cm scheme. It is possible to sow in open ground ridges, but flowering will not occur until August with a good summer. Seedlings in the latter case must be threaded. In the middle lane and to the south, sowing in open ground is preferable, since the plant does not tolerate transplantation well. To the north it is better to grow seedlings, otherwise the plant will bloom too late.
Usage: in landscaping, xeranthemum can be used in border plantings, in flower beds and in rockeries, but basically it goes like an immortelle for cutting, which is produced with incompletely opened baskets.
For drying, the inflorescences of xerantsum are cut off in the phase of incomplete dissolution and dried, hanging in bunches in a dry, shaded place. To give dry inflorescences a brighter color before drying, they can be dipped in a weak solution of hydrochloric acid (1:12) for 2-3 seconds, then gently shaken and dried in the usual way.
Xeranthemum
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Family Compositae. Name: derived from the Greek words " xeros"- dry and " anthemon"- a flower, for its wide use in dry bouquets.
Description: homeland - the Mediterranean, the North Caucasus, the Balkans. 6 species are known. Plants annual herbaceous, erect, densely or tomentosely pubescent. The leaves are arranged in the next order, elongated or lanceolate. Inflorescences solitary, white, pink, purple. Large petal-shaped scales of a multi-row wrapper give decorativeness to the inflorescences. The fruit is a wedge-shaped, brown-brown achene with a yellow or brown tuft. In 1 g up to 700 seeds.
It grows in the Crimea, Ciscaucasia, the south of Western Europe, the Mediterranean. The plant is annual, herbaceous. Stems erect, strongly branched, 50-60 cm tall. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, alternately arranged. Stems and leaves are silky tomentose pubescent. Inflorescences - single baskets, white, pink, purple, 3.5-4 cm in diameter, on long, thin peduncles. The flowers are small. The inner leaflets of the multi-row wrapper of the inflorescence are petaloid, membranous, rigid, much longer than the flowers and of the same color. Blooms in July-September. The fruit is a seed. Seeds in the conditions of the middle lane ripen in August-September, remain viable for 2-3 years. In culture since 1570.
Location: areas in sunny places, cold-resistant.
The soil: not demanding, but feels better on light nutrient soils. To obtain friendly seedlings in the initial period of vegetation, it requires sufficiently moist soil, and from the moment budding and flowering begins, it prefers drier conditions, without needing watering.
Care: simple and consists mainly of weeding and loosening the soil around the plants.
Reproduction: sowing seeds in March - April in boxes. Seedlings dive in 3 pieces in 9 cm pots. Seedlings are planted in the ground in late May - early June according to a 25 x 20 cm scheme. It is possible to sow in open ground ridges, but flowering will not occur until August with a good summer. Seedlings in the latter case must be threaded. In the middle lane and to the south, sowing in open ground is preferable, since the plant does not tolerate transplantation well. To the north it is better to grow seedlings, otherwise the plant will bloom too late.
Usage: in landscaping, xeranthemum can be used in border plantings, in flower beds and in rockeries, but mainly goes as an immortelle for cutting, which is produced with incompletely opened baskets.
For drying inflorescences of xerantsumum cut off in the phase of incomplete dissolution and dried, hanging in bunches in a dry shaded place. To give dry inflorescences a brighter color before drying, they can be dipped in a weak solution of hydrochloric acid (1:12) for 2-3 seconds, then gently shaken and dried in the usual way.
Helianthemum is a genus belonging to the Ladannikov family. In our country, representatives of this genus are also known as "sunflowers". The flowers of sunflowers open with the appearance of the sun disk and close only with its sunset. They are well suited for growing in rockeries and alpine slides.
Varieties and types
The most famous species is. evergreen view who came to us from the Pyrenees and the Balkan mountains. Represents small curtains. Intense yellow flowers that bloom throughout the summer. It does not have great winter hardiness and requires shelter.
The distribution area covers Asia Minor and southern Europe. Perennial, forming small bushes. The foliage is lanceolate, covered with a small fluff. The flowers are small, collected in inflorescences-brushes of pink color.
Mediterranean semi-shrub species, slightly higher than relatives - height up to 40 cm. Foliage is round, pointed at the top. Flowers yellow, small. It tolerates frost well and does not need warming for the winter.
Low perennial. Foliage lanceolate, slightly hairy. The flowers are small, pale pink. Blooms in late spring-early summer for a month. Frost resistant.
A species that grows wild in Western Europe. The height of the shoots is up to 30 cm, the foliage is oblong, rounded. The flowers are relatively large - up to 5 cm, bright yellow color. Flowering begins in the middle of summer and lasts one and a half to two months. It withstands frost well and does not require shelter.
This is the common name for varietal forms that are created by crossing different types of this plant, most often Monetary and Apennine . Usually these varieties have poor winter hardiness and need shelter.
A popular hybrid form is the series Wisley . Plants of this category have bluish foliage, and the color of the petals depends on the variety. Includes varieties:
- Wisley White ,
- Wisley Orange ,
- Pink Wisley
Series grades Ben having high level frost resistance. Among which:
- Ben More ,
- Ben Nore .
Also popular variety anniversary with large double flowers.
Variety fire dragon with deep orange petals.
Heliantemum planting and care in the open field
Helianthemum is a mountain plant that does not live in the easiest conditions and therefore it is not particularly demanding in terms of care.
Helianthemum should be planted in open, well-lit places. The soil should have a large structure and not retain water, that is, sandy soils or those containing crushed stone are best suited.
The best hydrogen reaction will be neutral or slightly alkaline, but in general this culture is not particularly demanding on this indicator, as long as the soil is not too acidic. If the soil is too clayey, then when digging the site, add dolomite flour.
The place for landing is selected in such a way as to avoid unnecessary transplants in the future. Sowing is carried out directly on the flower bed in early May.
Gaillardia interesting perennial which is grown during planting and care in open ground. It also does not need special conditions, but still requires compliance with several nuances. You can find recommendations for growing and caring for this plant in this article.
Watering helianthemum
This plant does not tolerate waterlogging, which is why the soil must be permeable.
Watering may be required only during prolonged heat, but in this case, you need to approach this procedure with restraint.
Helianthemum fertilizer
Fertilizers are needed only if the soil is very poor, otherwise the flower will have enough minerals in the substrate.
If you decide to fertilize, then choose with a reduced amount of nitrogen, since with an excess of this element, the foliage may grow too much, and flowering will not occur.
When flowering is over, the shoots are pruned by a third to stimulate reappearance colors.
Helianthemum rest period
Although many species do not need shelter for the winter, those that have gray foliage have low winter hardiness and need to be warmed. To do this, you can use dry fallen leaves or spruce branches.
Helianthemum growing from seeds
Ordinary and many types of helianthemum reproduce normally by seeds, but hybrid forms F1 (first generation) in the future can only be propagated vegetatively.
As mentioned above, sowing directly into the ground is mainly used, it is also possible seedling method, but it has its own nuances:
- Due to the tenderness of the horse system, diving is unacceptable - seeds must be sown in peat pots.
- Seeds germinate unstably - from seven days to a month, so the sowing is carried out in early spring. Seeds are simply laid out on a loose substrate and sprinkled with sand a little.
- Crops need a lot of light and a temperature of about 22 ° C. After the seedlings hatch, the temperature should be reduced to 16 ° C.
When the seedlings grow up, they are thinned out, and in late May-early June they are transplanted together with pots in a flower bed.
Helianthemum reproduction by layering
Since this culture has a sensitive root system, then the division of the rhizome is not suitable for its reproduction.
Helianthemum propagation by cuttings
Another way is cuttings. In the spring, the material is cut and rooted in a greenhouse in peat pots. Further, throughout the year, young plants grow indoors.
The next spring, they are transplanted into a flower bed. After transplantation, young plants will recover and take root for a long time.
Diseases and pests
Helianthemum practically does not suffer from diseases and pests.
Among the pests are thrips and aphid .
- Thrips can eat both the roots and the ground part of the plant. These thin worms leave behind thin traces and the plant after the defeat starts to turn yellow and perish .
- Aphids occupy the stem in black clouds and drink juices, which leads to foliage drying and ultimately death .
They fight these insects with the help of insecticide treatment, for example, Fitoverm.
Diseases appear only when the rules of care are violated. Here the most common is waterlogging, which causes powdery mildew .
This fungus produces white coating on foliage. To cope with it, you need to spend a couple of sprays Bordeaux mixture with an interval of 10 days.
