Boiler automation. Implementation of automation for gas boilers. Functions and varieties of gas valves

For safe and efficient operation of heating equipment, it is recommended to install an automatic control system. Thus, in the event of a power outage, it will continue to work. You do not have to constantly monitor the heating device. Automatic systems for gas boilers can be divided into two types: volatile and non-volatile. Consider the principle of operation of automation, types of gas valves and the use of multi-block automation for gas units.

Types of volatile systems and the principle of operation

In order to avoid dangerous situations, it is recommended to purchase automation for a gas boiler. It is necessary to close and open the valve electronically. This happens after the temperature sensor gives a signal.

Devices that regulate the temperature in the house and ensure safety include:

1. The daily programmer can program all boiler operations for 24 hours. After a day has passed, the cycle will repeat. You can connect the programmer to the heating boiler wirelessly via radio or wired. Using a two-wire cable, you can connect the Saunier Duval ExaCONTROL daily programmer. It is necessary for time programming of the temperature in the water heating circuit and the temperature of the heat carrier in the heating circuit.
2. The room thermostat is connected to a cable. Such a device works according to a simple principle: after the temperature becomes required, a signal is sent to the gas supply valve, then the boiler turns off. If the temperature drops, the boiler automatically turns on. The electromechanical thermostat SEITRON TAM011MI is produced on the basis of a membrane block filled with gas. The thermostat can be controlled by a temperature sensor. If the temperature has become optimal, then the sensor closes or opens the contacts, so the boiler turns on or off.
3. Weekly wireless programmer. Consider the Auratin 2025 model, which can work between a receiver and a transmitter at a distance. If there are concrete walls, then the distance will be 30 meters, if in open space - 300 meters. The programmer can provide a comfortable temperature in the room due to the high accuracy of regulation. It is convenient to use the device, as the display has a backlight, and its color can be selected. You can set up 6 programs. You can connect an external temperature sensor, as there is a special connector.

The principle of operation of automation for gas boilers

The advantage of a non-volatile system is that no electricity is used during operation. Under the influence of temperature, the geometrical change of the control parts occurs and thus the valve is actuated.

Old models of non-volatile automation were difficult to regulate. In order to disable the device, it was necessary to use wire or electrical tape, and the safety of the entire heating system was significantly reduced.

This is not the case with modern systems. Therefore, the non-volatile automation 630 Euro Sit is reliable and safe. Main knots:

1. Pressure regulator.
2. Flame protection system. If the main burner is turned off, the gas supply is automatically blocked.
3. Main and outlet burner filters.
4. Device for setting the minimum gas flow.
5. Control knob with different positions: "ignition", "off", "temperature selection".
6. Fittings that are necessary to control gas flow.
7. A thermostat that has the function of completely turning off the main burner.

Depending on the choice of the consumer, the gas supply can be from below or from the side.

Types of gas valves

The main element of the automation system is the electromagnetic gas valve. Such a hydraulic device is used to regulate the gas flow by transferring power to the valve coil. The core, which is connected to the valve seat, is drawn into the coil by electromagnetic forces.

The valve can be of several types depending on the operating position of the seat:

1. Modulating valves are installed on gas boilers with the ability to smoothly change power.
2. Single stage valves. They have only two positions: "open" and "closed". After the power is supplied, the valve takes the extreme position and there is a full flow of gas for which the boiler is designed.
3. Two stage valves. Such a view can be fully opened with a time delay through an intermediate position. Thanks to this design, a smooth start-up of heating equipment occurs. One-stage and two-stage valves are used only for single-stage burners.
4. Three stage valves. Such elements can be installed on devices where there are two power levels.

The use of multiblock automation for gas equipment

Automation manufacturers sell ready-made blocks, which consist of a set of devices. For example, gas automatic systems are manufactured by such companies as: Dungs, SIT and Honneywell.

The Elletrosit automation system includes the following elements:

• thrust sensor;
• Combined gas valve;
• Two-stage burner valve;
• Thermostat with temperature sensor;
• Gas pressure stabilizer;
• Limit thermostat with sensor.

The shut-off valve can be turned on and off using a thermostat that controls the temperature of the heat carrier in the circuit.

In such an automatic system, it is possible to connect a room thermostat, thanks to which you can ensure a comfortable temperature in each room in automatic mode.

Modern automatic control systems for gas boilers can not only control the start and stop of equipment, but also provide alarm, diagnostics, and power control of the unit.

Gas boilers are currently the most popular systems for heating cottages, private country houses, to which gas supply networks are connected. Often, installation organizations offer the installation of gas boilers if it is necessary to supply housing with heating.

And this is not surprising, because gas is the most affordable, cheapest fuel. At the same time, modern automation for gas boilers is able to ensure the absolute safety of the operation of the heating system.

Devices for automatic adjustment of the operation of gas boilers

The latest models of boilers are equipped with a whole host of elements to ensure the operation of the heating system in automatic mode. These components are aimed primarily at maintaining the stable operation of the equipment without user intervention.

Automation for boilers provides:

• safe operation of the heating system;
• automatic switching on/off of equipment;
• convenient control of the functions of the heating unit.

fittings

A gas fitting is a functional device for ensuring the operation of domestic heating systems that responds to circuit commands.

The activation of the gas valve regulators activates the processes of stopping and starting the boiler equipment, and also adjusts the system power.

The main purpose of gas fittings is to ensure safe operation.

Valves are elements of boilers with built-in burners. The main task of this type of automation for a gas boiler is to open and stop the gas supply to the burners.

The control of these elements of the heating system can be carried out mechanically or electronically, depending on the type of boiler.

Relay automation is aimed at protecting the system from possible overheating or failure due to an uncontrolled increase in pressure on the burners. The absence of a relay leads to an increase in the level of the torch and a gradual burnout of the inner chamber of the boiler.

Such automation for gas heating boilers is based on a serial connection to the electrical circuit of a minimum pressure switch. The operation of one of the relay automation systems leads to automatic shutdown of the boiler.

In order to ensure safety during the operation of gas heating systems, automation in the form of a minimum pressure switch is widely used. The automation element turns off the boiler when the pressure in the system drops to a level below that which is pre-set by specialists. The value of the limits of pressure indicators can be changed in the boiler settings.

The design of such safety automation for gas boilers is a membrane that acts on a whole group of contacts. When the pressure in the system drops, the membrane is moved by a special spring, after which the electrical contacts are switched. The result is a break in the electrical circuit, which controls the operation of the boiler.

As soon as the pressure indicators in the system are restored to the previous value, the device returns to its original position. The contacts switch in the opposite direction, and the boiler again returns the ability to start.

The thermostat is a relatively simple electromechanical device.

The main purpose of this element of automation of a gas heating system is to maintain the specified parameters of the coolant temperature.

Due to the presence of a thermostat, it becomes possible to limit the temperature indicators to a minimum and maximum level.

Automation for gas boilers implies the presence of electronic devices for the implementation of rather complex control algorithms in the form of special controllers. According to the functionality and capabilities, there are different types of controllers. However, all of them necessarily contain pressure and temperature sensors.

If we talk about the classification of controllers, then devices are distinguished here according to the algorithm and control objects, communication capabilities, means of integration with the heating system.

The principle of operation of volatile and non-volatile automation

Automatic devices that serve to control the working processes of gas boilers, according to the principle of operation, are divided into several types:

• non-volatile - a mechanical device responds to a change in the temperature of the coolant;
• electronic - devices that operate on the energy of external sources (from a common power grid or generator).

Mechanical types of automation for gas boilers have some advantages. Here we can note the affordable cost, the special simplicity of the design, the possibility of autonomous operation, regardless of the presence of power supply.

Understanding how mechanical automation works is easy. After manually igniting the burner, the thermostat comes into action, which reacts to a change in the state of the coolant. When the water temperature drops, the thermostat releases the gas supply to the main burner and shuts off the pressure when the upper allowable indicator of its heating is reached. The built-in thermostat has a metal rod that lengthens or contracts as the water temperature changes. By opening or closing the valve, the device corrects the gas supply to the boiler burner.

In turn, volatile electronic automation for boilers requires the presence of a microprocessor unit that controls the operation of solenoid valves. By pressing a few buttons on a special display, the user can set the required modes of operation of the heating system. Compliance with the set parameters is monitored here by an electronic control and monitoring device.

Types of gas boilers

Depending on various criteria, gas boilers can be divided into types.

According to the installation method

According to the installation method, mounted and floor models of gas heating systems are distinguished.

Wall options are convenient in terms of the possibility of implementing original design ideas. Floor systems are less convenient in terms of saving free space, but they have more power compared to the first.

The floor-type design is a rather massive device with cast-iron heat exchangers. Install floor boilers mainly in separate rooms. For apartments, this option does not look very attractive. Therefore, they are mainly installed by owners of private housing.

Among the floor models of boilers, systems with inflatable and atmospheric burners are also distinguished. The latter, as a rule, operate almost silently thanks to the burners located in the middle of the body. The principle of operation of such equipment involves the removal of combustion products to the outside through the chimney due to natural draft.

Atmospheric gas boilers are more profitable compared to units that are distinguished by the presence of inflatable burners in terms of efficiency and fuel consumption. According to the cost, such boilers are on average 40-50% cheaper.

Functionality

According to the functionality, single-circuit and double-circuit gas heating systems are distinguished. If the boiler is installed only for space heating, then a single-circuit unit is sufficient. If it is necessary to organize hot water supply, preference should be given to double-circuit boilers.

Advantages of gas boilers

Gas heating systems have the following advantages:

1. Automation ensures the stability of work and ease of operation of the heating unit.
2. Gas boilers quickly pay off due to efficient operation and low fuel costs.
3. Capable of heating large areas.
4. The principle of operation is designed for a really long service life.
5. Demonstrate high levels of efficiency.
6. Do not force the user to monitor the level of the flame. The gas is supplied continuously, and in the event of the burner attenuation, the automation for gas heating boilers informs the system about this and resumes combustion.
7. The boiler gives off more energy than it consumes itself.

The problem of heating and water heating in country houses, to which gas communications are connected, is easiest to solve with the help of a gas boiler, which occupies a central place in the heating system.

Organizing the latter in their home, consumers try to choose the most simple and easy-to-use boiler.

However, we must not forget that gas is a highly flammable, explosive substance, which must be used with extreme caution.

Therefore, equipment developers equip gas-fired boilers with special automatic devices that not only control its operation during operation, but also provide a high level of safety in case of emergency.

In general, boiler automation devices include:

• gas valves;
• various control sensors (heating, gas presence, etc.);
• control units;
• security systems.

Goals and tasks of automation.

The efficiency and safety of operation of a gas boiler depends on compliance with the established operating modes for a long period of time. Moreover, its owner does not always have the opportunity to control the compliance of the operating parameters with the set values.

In accordance with the current regulatory documents, automation equipment installed in gas heating boilers must cut off the gas supply in the following cases:

• insufficient draft in the chimney;
• lack of flame on the igniter;
• low or too high gas pressure.

Boiler automation helps to solve these problems. It is she who is able to ensure that all operational requirements are met, as well as inform the owner of the boiler about violations in its operation. Currently, all gas boilers are necessarily equipped with automatic control systems, which, largely determining their functionality, affect the operation of the heating system as a whole.

The main classification of automation devices for heating boilers provides for dividing them into two types:

1. Non-volatile - the principle of operation of which is based on the use of mechanical devices.
2. Volatile - using complex electromechanical components and electronic devices in their work.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF BOILERS EQUIPPED WITH NON-VOLUME AUTOMATION

The start of a gas boiler equipped with non-volatile automation is carried out manually. When the start system button is pressed, the washer that shuts off the gas supply to the boiler is squeezed out, the valve is forcibly opened and the gas is supplied to the igniter, where it is ignited using a piezoelectric element.

Ignition of the gas causes a rapid (up to 30 seconds) heating of the thermocouple, which begins to generate a voltage that allows the electromagnet to hold the gas supply valve open. If for some reason the flame goes out, the thermocouple cools down and the valve closes, blocking the gas supply to the burner.

The functionality of boilers with non-volatile automation is extremely limited and comes down to setting the required coolant temperature, which is done manually. To do this, a temperature scale is provided on the boiler control panel, according to which the operating temperature of the coolant inside the boiler is set.

During operation, the set temperature is maintained using a special thermostat (thermostat), which, as necessary, opens or closes the gas supply valve.

The operation of the thermostat is ensured by a thermocouple built into the boiler heat exchanger. At the same time, it is equipped with a special rod made of Invar (an alloy of 64% Fe + 36% Ni), which reacts to temperature changes by changing the geometric dimensions of the part. With the help of this rod, which is rigidly connected to the gas supply valve, the flow of the latter into the burner is regulated.

In addition, boilers equipped with non-volatile automation are additionally equipped with special sensors that, in the event of a drop in draft in the chimney or gas pressure in the line, will cut off the gas supply to the boiler.

The design of the draft sensor is based on a thin bimetallic plate, which in normal mode is in a bent state and holds the corresponding valve open. When the draft in the chimney decreases, the plate heats up, which causes a change in its geometric shape, and, as a result, the gas supply valve closes.

The gas pressure is controlled by a valve mechanism set to a certain value. With a significant deviation of the pressure value from the set value, the mechanism is triggered, shutting off the gas supply to the burner.

The advantages of boilers with non-volatile automation are:

• low cost;
• ease of control available to people who, as they say, are not friends with technology;
• autonomy of work for which connection to the power supply network is not required.

OPERATION OF BOILERS WITH ENERGY DEPENDENT AUTOMATICS

The operation of modern equipment equipped with a volatile boiler automation system is controlled by analyzing data received from temperature, pressure sensors, etc. by a microprocessor control unit. Almost all boiler controls are mounted inside its body, so when installing the latter, it is enough to connect the necessary pipelines and connect the boiler to the public power grid.

Unlike boilers with non-volatile automation, the use of complex electronic devices significantly expands their functionality. In addition to the ability to independently maintain the set temperature of the coolant, modern control and measuring devices in automatic mode carry out:

• boiler start;
• control of the gas supply valve and burner power;
• shutdown of the boiler in case of emergency.

In addition, automated control units are equipped with special displays that display all the necessary information about the operation of the boiler.

The latest models of gas boilers are able to control the concentration of combustion products and control the operation of the pump. Also, these models are equipped with a self-diagnosis system, which allows you to detect defects in individual elements of the system during operation.

Automated systems, thanks to the coordinated work of electronic devices, ensure the uninterrupted operation of the boiler in accordance with the established operating modes. They also allow the use of special programmers that allow you to set the temperature regime of the boiler for several days, taking into account the weather forecast.

REMOTE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT

A gas boiler, which serves as a source of thermal energy for the heating system, refers to equipment that has been operating continuously for a long time. At the same time, it can be considered as a set of devices designed to generate heat and automatically control this process.

When developing such boilers, the developers set themselves the task of ensuring its stable operation with minimal user intervention. To do this, various sensors, control devices and actuators are introduced into the design.

However, their presence does not exclude the need, and in some cases the desire of the user, to additionally adjust the operation of the system at his own discretion. And the more complex the automation system, the more opportunities it can provide.

As a rule, the main user and service settings necessary for the normal operation of the boiler are displayed on the main panel located on the boiler body. Their user can change at any time. However, the heater is not always located close to the user. For example, in country houses, the boiler can be installed both in a separate room and outside the house. In this case, the question arises of remote control of heating.

There are several options for implementing remote control.

Room regulators.

With the help of room regulators, the simplest tasks are solved - adjusting the temperature of the coolant. To do this, an appropriate sensor is built into the regulator body, which is connected to the boiler automation system. More complex devices equipped with electromechanical or electronic sensors and controls with their own autonomous power supply can also be used.

They are connected to boiler automation by wire or radio. The disadvantage of these devices is the lack of feedback - you can send a command, but you can not get information about the state of the system.

Remote controllers.

The remote controller is a more complex device connected to the boiler control system via a bus that transmits coded signals.

Using the controller, it is easy to organize not only the control of almost all functions, but also provide feedback by displaying information about the state of the system and detected defects on the controller display.

The disadvantages of the system include the need to use control protocols, which make it difficult to coordinate the heating equipment with the controller.

Telecommunication modules.

The telecommunication module, equipped with a modem and a slot for a SIM card, in the presence of an appropriate controller as part of the boiler automation, makes it possible for the user to control the entire heating system at almost any distance from it.

The telecommunication module can be installed anywhere and communicates with the boiler via a bus. The exchange of information between automation and the user is carried out using SMS-messages via GSM-communication channels.

Such an organization ensures that the user receives timely information about the state of the heating equipment and the impact on it using the appropriate commands sent from the mobile phone. The only requirement that must be provided is the presence of a stable cellular signal.

Recently, telecommunication modules providing communication with the user via the Internet have become widespread. In this case, the module is connected to a working computer with Internet access, either directly or through a router.

The signals are transmitted to a remote server, by connecting to which you can see in real time and correct almost all parameters of the boiler equipment.

Messages about the appeared malfunctions and defects are transmitted to the user by e-mail. With the advent of Android OS, the interface of which is similar to the interface of boiler automation control panels, it became possible to control the heating system using smartphones, which made remote control of the heating system even more convenient.

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The control of modern gas heating boilers is unthinkable without the use of automatic control systems. It is thanks to them, automatic systems, that owners of private houses have the opportunity to leave their gas boilers unattended, turn them on and off remotely and be sure that the devices are operating in the optimal mode, the most efficient and economical.

It should be noted that automation for gas boilers, first of all, makes their operation safe, and secondarily, convenient. It is unlikely that gas heating boilers would have become so widespread if there were no reliable automatic control systems.

Types of automatic systems for gas heating boilers

Automation for heating boilers is of two types:

• Volatile, working when connected to the mains
• Non-volatile, operating without the consumption of electrical energy

Volatile automatic control systems differ depending on the set of functions performed. The simplest of them ensure the safe uninterrupted operation of the device, while the most complex models of automation systems allow you to heat the house in accordance with the selected operating modes, taking into account a number of parameters. This may be the ambient temperature, time of day, the presence or absence of people in the house, and much more.

Non-volatile gas equipment is chosen for installation in homes with unstable power supply or where there is no electricity at all.

How non-volatile automation works

Non-volatile automation controls the following parameters:

• traction level.
• Heat carrier heating temperature
• By the presence of a flame

To control the draft level of this, a draft sensor is installed in the chimney. If the vacuum in the chimney is sufficient, the boiler works, if there is no draft, or the chimney is blown by the wind, the gas supply to the gas burner is blocked and the combustion process stops completely. It should be noted that control over the draft level is especially important during the operation of any heating boiler, because it depends on the level of vacuum in the chimney whether the combustion products will be completely removed or not and whether they will get inside the room, creating an emergency.

Therefore, without exception, all gas heating boilers are necessarily equipped with draft sensors.

The second important parameter is the heating temperature of the coolant. To control it, a thermocouple is used, which changes its size depending on the heating temperature of the coolant. If the water temperature in the boiler is below the nominal value, the thermocouple acts on the connecting valve, increasing the gas supply to the combustion zone.

If, on the contrary, the heat carrier temperature is too high, the thermocouple transmits a signal to reduce the gas supply to the combustion zone, thereby eliminating the possibility of overheating the water in the boiler and boiling it.

Another important aspect of the safe operation of a gas boiler is the possibility of gas leakage from the combustion zone. To do this, the ignition of the boiler is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, an igniter is ignited, which provides heating of the thermocouple located in the combustion zone. Gas supply and ignition of the burner is possible only when the thermocouple is heated to a certain temperature.

If, for some reason, the flame goes out, the temperature of the thermocouple will drop, resulting in blockage of the gas supply.

A simple example: the pressure in the gas pipeline dropped sharply, the burner went out, and after a few minutes the gas supply was resumed. If there were no protection system, there would be a gas leak.

Volatile automatic control system

The volatile automatic control system allows solving all of the above tasks, as well as a whole range of additional tasks. Its main advantage is to create a higher level of comfort.

If a non-volatile system eliminates the possibility of overheating of the coolant and its boiling, then more “smart” volatile automation allows you to control the heating temperature of the coolant with an accuracy of up to a degree, taking into account the ambient temperature, direction and strength of the wind.

In more complex automatic control systems, it is possible to set operating modes depending on the time of day and days of the week. With the help of automation, any possible emergency situations are excluded. For example, in double-circuit heating boilers, a protection system can be provided to prevent the coolant temperature from dropping below the minimum allowable value when heating water for hot water supply.

Especially when it comes to boilers installed in areas where low temperatures are not uncommon. The fact is that when DHW is heated in a double-circuit boiler, heating of the coolant stops, which, with prolonged consumption of hot water, can cause hypothermia of the heating system, up to its defrosting.

It is only the automatic control system that can control such situations and turn off the DHW heating in a timely manner.

The list of possibilities for automatic control systems for gas boilers is large, in addition, it is constantly updated with new developments.

How to control the automation system

To control the volatile automatic control system, a display installed on the boiler itself or a remote control panel remote from the device can be used. For example, the panel can be located in the living room, while the heating boiler itself can be located in a special utility room.

The work of volatile automation for gas boilers is based on microprocessors, it is not surprising that today computers are increasingly used for effective control, and in the near future "smart" heating boilers will appear.

As you know, gas heaters are equipment that can create an emergency situation, associated with a mortal risk. Accidental flame extinction or gas leakage can lead to explosion or suffocation, and overheating of the boiler - at best, to its breakdown. Serviceable automatic safety of gas boilers will be able to prevent risks at an early stage. In addition, it contributes to a more economical use of the fuel resource and increases the level of comfort during the operation of the heating system as a whole. The cost of the automation unit depends on the number and complexity of the options included in the scheme. Some of them are mandatory, and therefore must be present in every gas boiler, without exception.

The principle of operation of basic automation

Modern heating equipment is certainly equipped with a security system and control units with the function of regulating operating modes. An element of basic automation is an electric or piezo ignition, which supplies a spark to the igniter at the moment the gas supply starts. To start the combustion process, you just need to press the button located on the body of the heating boiler.

Next, the machine turns on the gas burner, which picks up the fire from the igniter. After the coolant has warmed up to the required temperature, the automation (in this case, the thermostat) is triggered to turn off the burner, and when the water cools to the limit values, a signal is given to turn it on. The igniter continues to burn all this time. This option allows:

• protect the surrounding area from possible gas leakage;
• prevent water from boiling in the heat exchanger;
• stop the fuel supply to the nozzle in the absence of thrust or a sharp change in gas pressure in the main pipeline.

Maintaining the optimal operating mode of the boiler and the safety of the equipment have long depended not on the human factor, but on the automation that is equipped with gas equipment. It can be volatile, more reliable, but requiring an uninterruptible power supply, and non-volatile (mechanical), characterized by autonomy and a simple design. The security system may consist of only the necessary elements or be multifunctional, have manual control or a programmer.

Automation ensures reliable and economical operation of a gas boiler without human intervention.

Non-volatile system

Such automation is attractive due to its isolation from electricity, low cost and maintainability. The range of operating temperatures that affect the operation of the thermostat is set manually here by means of a switch connected to the thermostat built into the boiler. In its design there is a rod made of a material that can shorten and lengthen with changes in the temperature of the coolant. As a result, the gas supply valve opens or closes, completely shutting off the fuel supply to the burner.

The set of non-volatile automation also includes flame and draft sensors. In the event of a sudden attenuation of the burner, as well as with a significant decrease in thrust, the gas is instantly shut off. But for comfortable and economical operation of modern boilers, the above options are not enough. Manual regulation does not allow the use of equipment in optimal modes, therefore, savings, comfort and service life of the boiler without additional automation are minimized.

Volatile system

The maximum convenience of operation of gas heaters is provided by electronic automatic equipment. It is enough just to enter the operating parameters or already programmed modes on the display, as the regulation and control system comes into play. It functions based on the principle of solenoid valves receiving commands from a microprocessor unit.

The disadvantage of volatile automation is its attachment to electricity. In case of possible power failures, the equipment is blocked, and the coolant stops warming up, which leads to cooling of the heating circuit. The operability of the system and safety elements of the boiler is maintained by connecting the equipment to an uninterruptible power supply or to a diesel generator.

Modern automation is capable of:

• maintain different temperatures depending on the days of the week or time of day;
• regulate the thermal regime, taking into account weather conditions;
• create individual temperature in separate rooms;
• prevent freezing of the heating circuit;
• troubleshoot and much more.

Components of the automation system

Elements of automatic control are divided into several groups, depending on the functional purpose and design features. When purchasing a boiler, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the set of options presented in more detail, because the price of a gas boiler depends on their number. It is possible that too complex components are not required. Why then overpay?

Automation for heating boilers includes:

• thermostats;
• valves;
• relay;
• sensors;
• controllers.

Thermostats are considered one of the simple electromechanical devices in the automation system. Their functions include ensuring the specified temperature regime of the coolant and giving a signal to turn on or turn off the gas burner after reaching threshold or boundary values.

Thermostats prevent water from boiling or freezing in the boiler.

The valves regulate the gas supply to the burner. Rather, they block or open the nozzle of the inlet pipe.

The coolant pressure switch in the system protects the gas boiler from serious damage. The fact is that too low pressure causes airing, boiling and stopping the circulation of water in the heating circuit. The result is a severe overheating of the boiler. Excessive pressure is no less dangerous, as it leads to an emergency and can provoke an explosion. In the first case, the situation is controlled by the minimum pressure switch, and in the second - by the maximum one.

Relay devices also control gas pressure. Normal operation of the burner is assumed at nominal pressure, therefore, when it is reduced or increased, emergency situations occur. In the first case, the flame begins to “settle” in the burner, which leads to the burning of the pipes. In the second case, it rises too high, as a result of which the combustion chamber suffers. Depending on the circumstances, the minimum or maximum gas pressure switch switches off the boiler in order to protect the equipment from serious damage.

Sensors that detect the presence of coolant in the heating system are an important addition to the boiler. They do not allow the equipment to be turned on without filling the circuit, which prevents the occurrence of emergencies. The sensor is made in the form of a float or electrodes placed in a hydraulic circuit in a certain way.

Controllers are electronic devices that control individual units or the heating system as a whole. At the same time, both internal factors affecting the operation of the gas boiler and external conditions, including weather, are taken into account. Controllers can have different capabilities and have different functionality. They are classified according to several positions:

• integration scheme with boiler equipment;
• management algorithms;
• set of features;
• service direction.

For gas boilers, there is a large selection of automation that allows you to safely and comfortably use heating systems. When buying equipment, you should familiarize yourself with the options offered by the manufacturer in detail. Mindfulness will help to avoid surprises.