Combined roof. Types of roofing roofs of private houses. Types of forms of pitched roofs of private houses

The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. A spectacular, appropriately designed roof is the calling card of the house, a measure of the taste of the owners. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and maintain a comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for a private house. All of them can become a reliable, stable and durable solution, provided that the loads on the structure are correctly calculated and the appropriate building materials are selected.

The roof as a calling card Source freepvpgame.com

The main types of roofs

The main division of roofs into types is made depending on the appearance, and even the naked eye of a non-professional can distinguish one type of roof from another.

flat

Modern fashion trends have made flat roofs a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft, have a slope of up to 3 °. They can be a worthy option for many reasons:

• Due to the minimum area, significant savings are achieved on materials, construction and installation work and construction time. The same can be said about subsequent maintenance and repair.
• Such a roof is an additional multifunctional area. Here you can install an antenna, an air conditioning system or solar panels. The roof makes it possible to equip a sports ground, a place for comfortable rest and sunbathing, to break a flower garden.

The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters, a large amount of snow can accumulate on such a roof, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings, during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.

On a flat roof you can place a recreation area Source krovlyaikrysha.ru

pitched

Pitched roof - with sloped surfaces that allow the roof to self-clean naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by an angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5° to 70°.

Pitched roof types of roofs of private houses make it possible to use the attic space for household needs and as an attic. The design of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for the finishing coating, and on the climate.

There are various pitched roofs of houses, varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:

• Shed. Such structures rest on walls of different heights. Simple, cheap and durable option.
• gable. They allow you to equip an attic or attic, they remove precipitation well. Practical and common.
• Four slope. The most durable and reliable. But the heavy weight of the roof requires strengthening the supporting structure.
• Tent, design. The most unusual and costly options.

hipped roof; ideal for a house in the form of a square or a regular polygon Source happymodern.ru

spherical

Interest in spherical structures is consistently high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract with additional advantages:

• Streamlined shape. Avoids direct wind pressure, which is a guarantee of strength and integrity.
• Tightness. Provided with roofing material (usually galvanized steel).
• Ease of maintenance. Snow and water do not accumulate on the surface.

Online roof calculator

To find out the approximate cost of various types of roofing, use the following calculator.:

Optimal slope angles for roofs

Professional builders know that the angles of inclination for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining the optimal angle of inclination of the roof, several factors are taken into account:

Natural (climatic) factors

A properly designed roof must withstand the wind and precipitation typical of the area.

• In areas with snowy winters, a large angle of inclination of the roof is set (45-60 °); so the snow melts smoothly, the likelihood of glaciation decreases.
• In order for the structure to survive in areas with strong winds, the slope angle is made minimal. To reduce windage, choose a range of 9-20 °.
• In the southern regions, where sunny weather prevails, the best option would be a flat roof, with a slope of 3-5 ° (for water to drain). Compared to other types of roofs, it will heat up less.
• The optimal slope angle is considered to be from 20 to 45 °.

Snow does not accumulate on a properly made roof. Source nagradi.me

Type of roofing material

The minimum slope angle of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing.

• Slate coating, tiles. Moisture will not accumulate and seep with a minimum roof slope of 22° (for tiles) and 30° for slate.
• Ruberoid, euroroofing material. The number of layers determines the value of the parameter. For a roof of 2 layers, a slope of 15 ° is required, for 3 - 5 ° is enough.
• Professional sheet. The minimum allowable roof pitch is 12°.
• Metal tile. The minimum roof pitch is limited to 14°.
• Ondulin. The minimum indicator is 6 °.
• Soft tiles. Mounted with a slope of 11°.
• Roof coverings of membrane type. Set the minimum slope within 3-5 °.

Video description

What should be the roof - in the video:

Frame structural differences - popular configurations

Despite the high interest in flat roofs, the leader in popularity is still pitched roofs, which, with some stretch, include hipped roofs. Therefore, when determining the optimal design, it is preferable to choose from the following options:

Shed

This design is an inclined plane, which is based on external load-bearing walls of different heights. It is supplied with outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: the choice of such a roof excludes the construction of an attic; strong winds can tear even a well-fixed roof. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and the strength of the shed roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.

Shed roof in a modern style Source houzz.es

gable

Classic variants of the roof of a private house, reliably protecting from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such designs are easy to install and reliable in operation; for the roof, you can choose any material. The basis is made up of 2 slopes (slope), based on two walls of equal height.

Another name for a gable roof is a gable roof (a gable is a plane between the slopes).

Advantages:

• Self-cleaning from snow, little chance of leakage.
• Large selection of available materials in the manufacture.
• The possibility of arranging an attic space.

Flaws:

• Difficult installation due to the slope of the roof.
• A weak structural element is the valley (the inner corner at the junction of the slopes), which accounts for the maximum climatic impact.

Combined (multipliers)

Multi-forceps (valley) frameworks are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the layout of the building does not allow the use of a simpler design. The features of multi-forced forms are:

• Difficult installation of additional crossings, requiring professional knowledge and good weather.
• Additional costs of materials and time, a large amount of waste material.
• To eliminate problems with the appearance of condensate, high-quality steam and waterproofing is carried out, high-quality ventilation is equipped.

Hip and semi-hip

The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). Two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, two lateral ones are triangular (hips). In half-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated form, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.

Such types of roofing for the roof of a private house are difficult to design and install (they require reinforcement of the truss system), but they are economical in terms of material consumption; they justify themselves in northern regions with strong winds.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair and design services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Tent

The roof consists of slopes in the form of isosceles triangles converging at one point. Such a construction, which involves the construction of an attic floor, is difficult to design; mitigating circumstance - a minimum of consumables. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps to resist the winds.

A special class of roofs are round (dome) roofs, repeating the shape of a figure of rotation. Similar roofs can be seen on places of worship; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and winter gardens, and increasingly in private construction.

vaulted (arched)

A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic room, a hall, a winter garden or an entrance. At the base is placed a supporting structure made of metal, concrete or wood. The coating is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. Such a solution is practical and original; the coating is wind resistant, and the use of a transparent material saves energy.

Geodetic

A conventional domed roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.

Geodesic domed roof allows you to get a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. Between themselves, the bars are connected by metal connectors; a connecting beam is mounted between the rows.

To design the structure, a 3D modeling computer program is required. Compared to a pitched roof, the consumption of materials is on average one third less.

Features of mansard roofs

For several centuries, since the invention in France, mansard roofs have been invariably popular. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.

Types of roofs of private houses with an attic please with variety. All kinds of types are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, hipped, domed. There is enough space in the attic attic to create a living room, a training room, a library or a winter garden. Since the attic room is located in the upper part of the building, it requires a special approach:

• Loss of heat from lower living spaces causes condensation to form on the inside of the roof. The design must provide for careful vapor and waterproofing, as well as ventilation.
• The attic room has no internal walls, it is in full contact with the external environment. Actual for the room is thermal insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam. For interior decoration, natural wood is best suited.

Cladding materials

The use of one or another type of material for roofing is primarily due to the climatic features of the region. Even the traditional "issue price" often gives in to common sense - no one has yet been able to save on the quality of the roof. The most popular materials are traditionally:

Tiling (metal, bitumen or ceramic)

• Metal shingles are a popular option, valued for their durability, low price, and ability to withstand impact, which is especially valuable when loading and transporting. The metal tile is lightweight (does not create pressure on the foundation), and is easily attached. The disadvantage is uneconomical installation (a significant percentage goes to waste) and poor sound insulation, which becomes noticeable in any rain.
• Bituminous (flexible) tile. This coating has high sound and heat insulation, but requires professional installation.
• Natural (ceramic) tiles. Time-tested material with the advantages of metal tiles, except for one. Significant weight requires a reinforced roof.

Tiles can be laid on the roof of any shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com

Slate

Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits the scope of its application to buildings for economic purposes. Slate has great strength in bending and impact; it is non-flammable and easily processed (cut by a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (it can become covered with moss over time) and a health hazard.

glass roof

The glass roof (especially its spectacular version - panoramic) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design perfectly protects from the weather and reduces energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in the summer the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.

"Green" roof

The growing attention to environmental issues has generated interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions developed in the Scandinavian countries make it possible to realize the desire to communicate with nature more often.

Log cabin with eco-roof Source pinterest.com

During installation, layers of hydro- and thermal insulation are laid on the roof with a waterproof membrane that protects the roof from roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and, finally, a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.

Eco-roof serves not only as a decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewer (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant expenses for organization and time for subsequent care are inevitable.

Another green roof option Source pfpi-co.com

Beautiful and original roof projects: photo and video

Video description

See interesting types of roofs of private houses in the following video:

And more original varieties of roofs of houses in the photo:

Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a high-tech house Source viendoraglass.com

An interesting design solution for a pitched roof Source remontbp.com

A window in the attic at one time was a difficult technical task Source superdom.ua

The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru

Conical and pitched roofs on the same house Source cosmictherap.com

The manufacture of such structures should be trusted exclusively to professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua

For such beauty to remain functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com

The classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com

In such a design, it is very important to correctly make the junction points of the roof of the first floor to the walls. Source houzz.com

Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels. Source houzz.com

Four-pitched roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a skylight Source casacom.pro

In such structures, it is necessary to carefully calculate the possibility of shrinkage of the building. Source pinterest.com

A large window in the attic provides good lighting in the room. Source houzbuzz.com

An original design that requires careful windage calculations Source pinterest.com

"Modified" classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru

What is interesting here is not so much the design as the material of the cladding. Source superfb.site

An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com

The ideal solution for a roof over the pool - if necessary, the area is completely closed Source rus-teplitsa.ru

Conclusion

Starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable, able to last for a long time. This choice is not always unambiguous, each option has pros and cons. To make the right decision, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - you should consider a set of issues, including design features and the general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preferences.

During the construction of a house, such an important detail of the entire structure as the roof is of great importance for the aesthetic perception of the building and protection from unpleasant weather conditions. A variety of types of roofs, depending on the form factor, type, dimensions, as well as design features, require appropriate building materials and complex calculations of loads on various elements of the roof structure.

To answer the question, what are the forms of the roof, consider some of them. Depending on the angle of inclination, roofs are distinguished into two main categories:

Flat roof

Flat roofs - the angle of inclination for such roofs is usually 2 - 3 degrees, if we correlate this angle with the horizon. The use of such roofs in the construction of private houses can be found very rarely. This is due to the fact that maintenance of roofs of this form becomes problematic. During rainy periods, water stagnates on the roof, and in the winter season, the accumulated snow will need to be removed independently.

Apparently, due to these reasons, these types of roofs in private construction are not widespread, although they may have some positive aspects. When erecting this type of roof, you can significantly save on building materials, and use the resulting additional area to good use by arranging a recreation area for your loved ones and guests or a small beautiful garden.

Pitched roofs - these types of roofs are very practical to use, usually the angle of inclination for such roofs can start from 10 degrees or more. In the winter season and during rainy seasons, precipitation does not accumulate on it, snow or rainwater calmly leaves along the slopes through the drainage systems. It is for this reason that the use of pitched roofs has gained such popularity in private construction.

What are the roofs of houses with pitched surfaces? To answer this question, consider some types of roofing of this type:

• lean-to;
• steep gable;
• gentle gable;
• broken (attic) gable;
• half-hip four-slope;
• tent four-slope;
• hip four-slope.

One of the most convenient in construction are shed roofs, in which the slope is no more than 4 - 6 degrees. Such roofs are mainly erected in garages, sheds and other outbuildings. It is quite easy to install shed roofs, but they are still rarely found in suburban or summer cottage construction of residential buildings, mainly this type of roof is used for outbuildings.

If it becomes necessary to use an attic space, then a mansard roof is built, which can be gable and have broken lines of the roof contour. The hip roof is very practical to use; these types of roofs cope well with various types of loads, including wind ones. But this type of roof is not as easy to install as the previous ones. Much more building materials are spent on its construction and a competent team of professionals is required so that everything is done very accurately and correctly. Next, we will take a closer look at the different types and designs of roofs.

When choosing a roof and its type, all factors must be taken into account. Don't just look at life characteristics or other practical considerations, but also consider what look and shape your roof will have in terms of aesthetics and artistic value.

For example, a mansard roof not only looks aesthetically beautiful due to its broken shape, but it is also very practical to use. If there is a heavy snowfall, then the snow masses will not linger on such a roof.

What are the types of roofs? Let's look at them in more detail.

The most popular types of roofs of houses today

The popularity of a particular type of roof is often explained either by the ease of its creation, or by an economic factor, or by the climatic conditions of the area. We will briefly talk about what roofs are and why they are so good and popular today.

Gable roof

It is not at all surprising that this particular type of roof comes first. Even in ancient times, our ancestors built houses, namely, with gable roofs, and only then Western trends came to Russia, such as mansard or domed roofs, as well as hip roofs.

This is one of the most popular and comfortable roofs for private houses. A roof with two slopes resting on walls of the same height and forming a space in the form of a triangle (gables) is sometimes called a "gabled roof". The installation of such a roof is much more complicated than the construction of a pitched roof, but the choice of roofing material for it is simplified. It is not inferior to it in functional characteristics: it also easily copes with snow, rain, and wind. In terms of design, a gable roof looks much better than a shed roof.

hip roof

Hip roofs already have 4 slopes, of which two are trapezoidal, and two are triangular.
This type of roof got its name from the word "hips", which means triangular slopes, which are located on the front side. During the construction of such a roof, beams and double tightening are used. In addition, the mandatory equipment of drains for each slope follows, the slope of which is usually made up to 45 degrees. Only a sufficiently steep slope will be able to divert both water and snow, as well as withstand strong gusty winds. The construction of hip roofs requires a lot of labor, as a rather complex truss system is used.

Half hip roof

Half-hip roofs are another type of hip roofs, which differs from the hip roof in that it has a truncated triangular slope, usually located higher than trapezoidal slopes. Its only drawback is the high consumption of material for covering those sections of the roof that are adjacent to the roof ribs.

Mansard roof or broken

Also applies to gable roofs with broken lines of slopes. Such kinks increase the area and volume of the attic, which is commonly called the attic. The pentagonal shape of the gables of the mansard roofs attracts the eye of almost all passers-by. To build such a roof is not very difficult. However, during construction, you are unlikely to do without the insulation of your attic.

The cost of a roof is approximately 15 to 20% of the total cost of building an entire house. Creating an attic under the roof is the most economical option for obtaining additional premises. Therefore, it is very appropriate to slightly increase the cost of the attic, which will give you another full floor. And there you can arrange summer bedrooms and lounges for young family members and guests.

But why does an attic increase costs compared to building a simple attic? This is due, of course, to the need for roof insulation, living quarters require this. Additional injections will be required, and due to the inevitable complication of the roof structure with an attic, there cannot be struts and stretch marks that would be located in the living rooms themselves. For these purposes, they came up with such a shape of the roof (in the form of an attic) with braces and racks above the ceiling of residential premises.

The presence of an attic floor makes it necessary to place a layer of thermal insulation under the roof, and therefore a multi-layer roof appears. Heat-insulating material with an inner lining is usually attached to the rafters (to the inside), and a sheathing is mounted on the outside and a direct roof covering is laid. In this case, it is necessary to strengthen the truss structures due to the multi-layer roof. This can be done by increasing the number of rafters, while reducing the distance between them. A successful solution to this problem can be considered the use of metal truss structures.

One of the important positive aspects of the mansard roof can be considered that the arrangement of the attic can be done later, since the space of the resulting attic will no longer require major complex work.

If you have a desire to save money, but at the same time build a two-story mansion, then we recommend that you take a closer look at the mansard type of roof. This is a great option!

Flat roof

Previously, in private housing construction, flat roofs were not popular. But recently, interest in flat roofs has grown again and is in the field of view of modern architects and designers. Flat roofs have unique features due to their flat surface. On such a roof, you can set up a flower garden, arrange a sports ground or a small pool. This solution is especially suitable for areas with a warm climate. Although in central Russia you can apply this roof option if you use a special system of removable canopies. They will be able to protect the desired part or the entire flat roof from annoying precipitation.

There are many different types of such canopies, but transparent glass structures are especially attractive. They provide additional light to the upper rooms of your house, you can use special lights for evening lighting. And here you can find a great place for solar panels and water heaters, if needed.

The advantages of flat roofs include low construction costs, as the cost decreases due to the reduction in the total roof area and the absence of complex rafter structures.

Many do not dare to build such roofs, fearing problems with drainage. But you should not be afraid of this, the installation of drainage systems from a flat roof is no more difficult to perform than the creation of a storm sewer. And the roof itself should have a slight, barely noticeable slope, so that the water that appears can flow to the drains. Drainage systems are usually organized outside and inside the house.

Many people find it convenient to combine storm drains with the internal sewers of a building, but do not forget to take into account the level of rainfall in your area.

The disadvantages of a flat roof include a problem with thermal insulation. It can be difficult to cope with the strong heating of residential premises in the hot season, but it is not difficult to create a cold protection system (as in the version of the mansard roof).

If in a pitched roof the "heat exchanger" is an attic, then in a house with a flat roof it is necessary to create it in a special way. Most importantly, know that between the ceiling of the living rooms and the roof of the roof there must be ventilation, in whatever form you like. Create a small ventilated attic or special ventilation ducts that are best placed under the roofing material.

Less popular, but no less interesting types of roofs of houses

In this section, we will consider what types of roofs are still, in addition to the most popular and widely known among the population of our country. This group represents the types and designs of roofs of unusual and beautiful forms, but requiring practical skills to create them. What are the forms of the roof of the original structures and where they can be used, we will briefly present further in the text.

shed roof

A characteristic feature of this type of roof is that it has a truss system that rests on walls of different heights, and since one wall is slightly higher than the other, a slope is formed due to this. Such roofs are quite easy to erect, and to cover them, you can use inexpensive and reliable materials, such as ondulin, slate, roofing material. The convenience of such roofs is obvious, precipitation does not accumulate on them, flowing smoothly in the direction of the slope. Therefore, it is quite clear to understand where it is necessary to install drains for water, providing the building with reliable dryness.

The truth and the flaws are obvious. One of the most important is that the room will be without an attic. Today, it is very rare to see private houses that would have a pitched roof.

hipped roof

Usually it has four slopes of identical triangles that converge to one upper point. If you like houses in the shape of an equilateral polygon (for example, a square), then a hipped roof will help you out, which looks like a tent and looks great. However, it is not easy to mount such a roof, it has a very complex truss system.

Multi-gable roof

A standard roof of this type (also called a valley roof) has a very complex structure: a large number of external ribs and valleys (internal corners) at the junction of the slopes. When erecting such a roof, be sure to contact specialists with experience in its installation. A multi-gable roof is used for the construction of polygonal houses, which have many different outbuildings and side attics.

dome roof

Dome-shaped roofs usually cover only part of the building, rarely the entire structure. During its construction, a frame of curved elements is used, and both soft materials (stekloizol, roofing material, bituminous tiles) and flexible materials (galvanized steel or plastic tiles) are used to cover the roof. Some lovers of the old and unique style even today decorate their “castles” with domed roofs of various sizes.

spherical roof

The construction of a spherical roof is becoming a little more popular in recent times. Arbors are usually placed under this type of roof, as well as other types of buildings (stadiums, cathedrals and churches), which also have a roof or a domed type. Therefore, it cannot be said that this type of roof has no application at all.
But still, it loses very significantly to such types of roofing as a gable roof, or a mansard.

green roof

At the green roof, natural soil and planted greenery are used as roofing, while plants grow on the same well-groomed

soil. The green roof has all the positive properties of flat roofs, but when created

eliminate its main drawback (difficulty with ventilation) with the help of a special ventilation gasket. This gasket not only limits the growth of plant roots, but also allows you to save the water necessary for the life of green spaces. In addition, which is also important, it also serves to aerate the root system of the green lawn.

It can also be considered a plus that a green roof is a very unique phenomenon for almost any area in our country. The popularity of flat roofs will undoubtedly grow from year to year along with the development of the latest technologies in this direction. If you have a desire to be the owner of a house with a "fashionable" roof, then create your dream with a beautiful comfortable flat green roof.

Types of roofing in terms of coating materials

Having decided on the type of roof - mansard, gable, and perhaps domed, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials that are best suited for each type. What are the roofs, and what material they are covered with - we will try to answer these questions in this section.

Common today are the five most applicable types of roofing in construction - rolled, from materials based on various mastics, typesetting types (sheet), and also membrane. Let's consider them in more detail.

Roll roofs

To make this type of roofing, special bituminous and polymeric materials are used, in which the base is cardboard, fiberglass. In the process of manufacturing such materials, special modifiers are added, which then give the entire material water resistance, heat resistance, and other useful properties. It can also be noted that these additives protect the material from cracks, which of course has a positive effect on their service life.

When installing such a roof, the roll is unwound and laid in several layers, usually from 3 to 4. But they are not just laid, but glued together with mastic or melted onto each other.

This type of roofing would be versatile, easy to install, very inexpensive, but it has some drawbacks. This material does not have a very attractive appearance, this material can be prone to decay. Therefore, often such roofing material is most often used to cover sheds or other utility rooms, which are usually made with a shed roof.

Membrane roofs

This type of roof covering has a very high resistance to punctures or various types of stretching. Membrane coatings are used for laying on roofs with slight slopes. You can cover the roof with this material quite quickly. And excellent protective properties will allow you to keep the roof in its original form for a long time.

Roofing from sheet roofing materials

This type of roofing includes more modern types, such as metal tiles, artificial slate, made of bitumen and corrugated cardboard sheets.

• Artificial slate can be found on many roofs, it is a sheet of asbestos cement, has a wave shape that can be painted in a variety of colors. The paint, of course, is very adorning, this type of coating, the material acquires a beautiful appearance. Good performance under temperature extremes can also speak in favor of this coating. And the service time is quite long and can be up to 40 years.
• Metal tile is a very popular material today, it can be observed on various types and shapes of roofs, whether it is a hip roof or a mansard. These are galvanized sheets that have a special decorating polymer coating and this coating reliably protects the roof from most types of adverse weather conditions.
• Bitumen-cardboard sheets - made from pressed cardboard, which is impregnated with bitumen. The thicker the outer layer, the longer this type of coating will last. Such sheets were also included in the "people" under the name "Euroslate". Its main advantages are ease of working with this material, fairly good elasticity. But in terms of service life, this material loses to the rest. Euroslate "lives" on average 30 years.

Roofs from piece roofing materials

The main and main representative of the piece material, you can safely call ceramic tiles. This material is still very popular, although it has already “knocked” several thousand years. Until now, it can be seen on all forms and types of roofs. The performance characteristics of this material are very high. Ceramic tile does not require constant maintenance, meets environmental characteristics, is a soundproof coating. And also has the ability not to accumulate static stress, as in other materials.

Well, the most important feature of this material is its unique durability. In one of the Western countries there is even an ancient castle, which is many hundreds of years old, and it still stands under a tiled roof, safe and sound.

They say that the disadvantage of ceramic tiles can be called high weight. But on the other hand, it is this quality that allows a roof with such a coating to successfully withstand heavy snow and wind.

To date, ceramic products are gradually being replaced by similar ones from concrete and various mixtures of cement and sand, which are included in the final product. Such analogues may be easier for laying work, but they significantly reduce the life of the material.

Let us briefly mention such a type of material as flexible tiles. It is made of fiberglass, and sometimes cellulose or asbestos cardboard is also used. The inner side is covered with a layer of self-adhesive rubber bitumen, and the front part consists of fine mineral chips. The weight of this cover is very small. And the most important advantage is that it can be easily quickly replaced without resorting to dismantling the entire coating.

Roof made of sandwich panels

It is impossible not to mention such material as sandwich panels. It arose with the recent rapid development of "rapid building" technology. They are made of 2 sheets of steel, as well as one layer of insulation. The panels have very good strength characteristics and, according to manufacturers, can even compete with other materials in terms of resistance to temperature changes, ranging from -50 to +50.

Such panels will look good on roofs of various types and types, but mainly they are used in the field of office construction of buildings, retail space, hangars. If desired, such panels can be safely painted in any color, which, of course, improves the aesthetic appearance of buildings made of this material.

Basically, such panels, due to their modularity, have proven themselves in the construction of sheds, utility rooms for household equipment, but you can also find houses made according to this sandwich panel fashion that came to us from the west.

With the help of sandwich panels, it is quite easy to build the roof of a building, while indoors it will be comfortable and warm in winter, and in summer there will be a pleasant coolness. The disadvantages of this material, perhaps, include only a relatively short service life, only 30 years.

When gathering and preparing for the construction of a roof, it is necessary to think through everything to the smallest detail, types and structures of the roof, design and high-quality protection, with or without an attic. And of course, it is necessary to decide on the choice of suitable materials so that the appearance of the roof pleases the soul and eyes!

So, it has long been known that each house can give much more information about its owner than he will tell about himself. The walls of the house, and especially its roof, will tell not only about prosperity, but also about the tastes of its owners. Keep this in mind when choosing a beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, suitable roof for your future home.

Roof construction is an important stage in the construction of a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the climatic zone. Its second function is aesthetic.

Who doesn't want to live in a beautiful house? A spectacular roof can become the highlight of the whole building and even a local landmark.

Roof types

The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by the climate.

A flat solution is appropriate in areas with a minimum of annual rainfall. The absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in areas with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.

A pitched structure is more suitable for our latitudes. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation, usually at least 10º. In a private house, the roof device often involves several slopes.

The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the residential part by an attic floor. The roofless roof is at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor.

When drawing up a roof project, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether it is planned to place a living room or a pantry on it.

Shed roof tilted to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be located towards the winds. An excellent choice for a house with walls of different heights. This simple design makes efficient use of the area, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent completion of the floors.

Of the shortcomings, one can single out not the most interesting view. An unusual approach (a combination of slopes at different levels, the use of metal tiles) will achieve an attractive result.

A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, the exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.

The slope should contribute to its natural purification from snow and water. This design is suitable for attic equipment, it is quickly and inexpensively mounted, and it opens up wide possibilities for design.

The four-pitched hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid of strong winds. Under it, you can equip an attic or attic, but their area will be less than in the gable version. The disadvantage of the design is the complexity and laboriousness of construction.

The original semi-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. May have two or four slopes. Behind the spectacular appearance lies the complexity of installation and roofing.

The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should have the shape of a rectangle or square. Metal tile or slate would be a good option for covering.

The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for houses of non-standard architecture with extensions. The complexity of the design, including many slopes and angles with different slopes, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.

A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a round or multifaceted structure. The robust and earthquake-resistant design is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.

The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing an attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.

Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunities to create a functional and aesthetic option. The reverse side of the coin - the construction, design and maintenance are fraught with considerable difficulties.

The architecture of the house also plays a role in choosing the shape of the roof: for example, a gable or multi-gable building is more suitable for a building in a classical style. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make a choice.

Mansard roofs

In private houses, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of obtained advantages. Perhaps the most important of them is the additional area without the construction of a full-fledged floor.

A well-organized attic ventilation and thermal insulation system will improve the microclimate of the house. With the right approach, even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic can be effectively used. Windows built into the roof provide maximum natural light to the room.

Before starting work, make sure that the load-bearing walls and foundation can withstand the new loads.

The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º (the upper part can be at an angle of 25-35º).

Material selection

The traditional roofing material is slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). With reliability and cheapness, it remains quite heavy. A suitable roof slope for its use is 13-60º.

Not suitable for flat roofs, as precipitation will reduce the service life if it gets into the cracks. Bituminous slate is used starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the crate depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.

Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, can also be used in the repair of the roof of a private house. The harm to its merits is strength and durability.

Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metal profile will be a good alternative to slate. You can choose the cover of your favorite color.

Roofing material is more often used to provide thermal insulation, rather than a full-fledged coating. It is a soft black material.

The tile possesses high decorative qualities, reliable and easy. Produced in a variety of colors. The high cost of the roof can push away from the choice in her favor. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to increase ventilation and waterproofing.

Perhaps the most popular roof of a private house can be called a metal tile. It can be used starting with a 15º slope.

Bituminous tiles will repeat the surface of any curvature, so it will be a good choice for an unusual roof (for example, a dome). The minimum tilt angle is 12º.

Photos of roofs of private houses

The roof is a significant item in the budget for building a house. Different types of roofs are radically different in design from each other, which affects the cost of construction, which can be quite affordable or, on the contrary, cause a shock. The type of roof and the angle of inclination of its slope also affect the possibility of arranging the attic and shape the appearance of the whole house.

Different types of roofs of private houses have a configuration of varying degrees of complexity, starting from the simplest - flat and ending with complex combined structures.

Flat roof , the device of which belongs to the least complex, and, therefore, the most attractive solutions from a financial point of view. Floor elements laid on load-bearing walls, in fact, are the roof. Typically, a flat roof has a slight slope (up to 3%) to drain rainwater.

A pitched roof is a general concept for roofs that have inclined planes, the basis of which are rafters and sheathing. This category is presented in several versions.

A shed roof is a kind of intermediate solution between a flat and a gable roof. Relatively simple design, typical for the construction of outbuildings and country houses. It, like a flat one, consists of one slope, but differs in the angle of inclination, as well as in a separate ceiling and roof structure. A shed roof allows you to conveniently equip the area on the second floor, which is not limited by slopes, as is the case, for example, with gable roofs, and, as a rule, provides the same amount of space as on the first floor. Recently, they are often used in large houses, where the area allows you to create several blocks with roofs located at different levels.

The device of a shed roof depends on the size of the building and the expected angle of inclination of the slope. Below are the most common designs:

1. Rafter construction - the rafters rest on the outer wall. This kind of wooden roof structure is simple to implement and does not create high costs. It can be performed on buildings in which the span of the walls does not exceed 6 meters.
2. Rafter construction with struts - an inclined beam strengthens and stiffens the frame. With its help, you can make a roof on a building with a span of walls up to 7 meters.
3. Truss structure with a trussed truss - this kind of roof structure can be used on roofs with a span of up to 12 m. The wooden structure is additionally supported by pillars, which provide it with greater rigidity.

Gable roof

A gable roof is a structure with opposite slopes connected in a ridge. A characteristic feature is the presence of triangular pediments of the side walls covering the roof in planes perpendicular to the ridge. There are main types of gable roofs - symmetrical (when the sections are equal and inclined at the same angle) or asymmetrical.

This design is characteristic of traditional architecture, but is also present in modern, minimalist buildings, primarily due to simplicity, which affects the convenience and reduction in construction costs. In houses where the roof slope is 35 - 45 °, an attic is usually equipped. A gable roof has many advantages, among which the most important are:

• due to the possibility of adapting the attic for residential purposes, they receive additional space;
• a simple design facilitates the construction of a house, and also allows you to easily add a garage or a shed to the building;
• a large and simple area facilitates the arrangement of the roof;
• when carrying out roofing work on a gable roof, little waste of materials is obtained, so the choice of coverage is unlimited;
• this type of roof also ensures efficient removal of snow and rainwater.

It is also important for the building that, thanks to the strong slope, the ventilation between the roof and the wind insulation is much easier than in the case of other types of roofs.

The hip roof is a four-pitched structure, where two of the four slopes are trapezoid-shaped, and two more are triangles. It is these triangular slopes that are called hips, which gave the name to the design. The slopes, converging to a short ridge, are usually inclined at one angle. The truss structure uses beams and double tightening. This design is recommended for one-story buildings, which give beautiful proportions. Despite the presence of an attic, the reasonable arrangement of the attic in this case is not an easy task. The interior design is hampered by numerous bevels. Usually, the functionality of the attic is improved by increasing the angle of inclination of the slope, but in the case of a four-slope design, little can be achieved by this. The best solution is to install skylights that will visually increase the volume of the room.

A hip roof is more expensive and more difficult to implement than a gable roof. Implementation is hampered, in particular, by the angles at which the planes converge. This is a job for highly skilled roofers. Also, roofing work requires the use of solutions that increase the cost of construction. When using sheet roofing, a lot of waste remains, so it is better to use piece roofing materials, which will reduce losses. Having mounted a reinforced truss system, you can even use ceramic tiles. The hip roof has subspecies.

The semi-hipped roof is characterized by bevelled corners and truncated triangles located on the end walls. It is a good option for investors looking for a way to get rid of the monotony.

Similar designs are typical for regional architecture. They can be found, in particular, in the mountains.

The truncated triangles of the semi-hip roof reduce the surface of the roof and strengthen the edges of the frame, thereby protecting the house from strong winds. The optimal slope angle of such a roof is 35°, which allows water and snow to drain away without limiting the choice of roofing.

Installation of such a roof is simpler than a hip roof and only slightly more complicated than a gable roof. At the same time, it looks aesthetically pleasing and has a comfortable attic, in which an attic can be equipped. However, special attention should be paid to the careful implementation of thermal insulation at the joints of the slopes.

A hipped roof is a specific type of hip roof, which is used in buildings that have a square or regular rectangle at the base. They do not have a ridge, their slopes converge at one point, forming the so-called ridge knot. Visually, this design resembles a pyramid. It looks great as a cover for a one-story building built in a classic style.

Hip roofs are often used as cover for free-standing garages, farm buildings, shops. Sometimes they are used as a cover for turrets and other elements in more architecturally complex buildings. However, it must be remembered that, although they are visually attractive, the cost of their implementation is always more than in the case of conventional gable structures.

Traditionally, a multi-gable roof is a roof formed by a variety of combinations of gable roofs. It consists of many planes of different sizes, shapes and angles. Most often they are triangular or trapezoidal, sometimes rectangular. The roof is beautifully presented, but has too many construction complications. To drain water from the entire surface, it is necessary to install additional drains and downpipes. The complex shape of the roof affects the increase in its value. A large number of slopes is associated with a large consumption of roofing material. At least the purchase of a large number of ribs, valleys and a ridge will be a significant expense. A large number of bends also affects the increase in the weight of the roofing. This, in turn, is due to the need for a more powerful and more stable truss system. All jobs require highly skilled craftsmen. In addition, a multi-gable roof looks good on a large building standing on a large lot. In a small area, this is rather impractical - it will visually reduce the entire territory.

An example of a broken roof is a mansard roof - this is a structure in which each slope consists of two parts: the upper one with a smaller angle of inclination and the lower one with a larger angle. A sloping roof can be two - or four-pitched. The use of this design improves the performance properties of the attic - the usable area increases. A sloping roof most often has a lower inclined plane at an angle of 60º, and an upper one of about 30 °; layered rafters are used in the rafter system. As a roof, it is best to use flexible tiles.

The disadvantage of this option is a more complex and difficult to implement design, as well as the need for very careful preparation of the coating. Leaks may occur at fracture sites. Also, the complexity of its implementation lies, in particular, in the appropriate arrangement of the rafters. In any case, it is better to entrust the installation to specialists.

Domed and conical roofs

Domed and conical structures are associated mainly with architectural monuments. However, these types of roofs are also used in the construction of private houses, in particular on all kinds of superstructures and extensions (turrets, drums, gazebos). They are mounted over multifaceted or round structures. Rafter systems for domed and conical roofs are used hanging and layered, respectively. For the arrangement of the coating, as a rule, piece roofing materials are used.

Combined roofs

The shape of the roof depends on many factors, including regional conditions and preferences, the type and purpose of the building, the landscape in which the object should be inscribed. At the same time, homeowners and developers strive for originality. This is where combined roofs come to the rescue. Most often, such structures are found in cottage settlements. The bottom line is to combine several roof structures into one structure in order to achieve a certain aesthetic effect. Also, combined roofs are used in case of expansion of the building. So, for example, it can be a hip roof over a house, complemented by a shed roof over an attached veranda or winter garden.

Roof installation is the final stage of construction. There are about a dozen main and more than a hundred other subtypes of roofs. The configuration of the house often limits the owner's choice. However, if possible, then it is worth paying attention to the issue of visual design of the roof. An unusual roof can decorate a country house, cottage or cottage. In order to draw up a project of a supporting structure, it is necessary to involve professionals in the field of construction and design, as well as experienced workers who can cope with a task of any complexity. All decisions must be rational. It is necessary to meet the budget, take into account climatic features, think about the role of the attic space, take care of reliability and appearance. For a roof, characteristics such as tightness, strength, stability and functionality are important.

Classification and options for the execution of roofs of private houses

Before making a choice among the variety of materials and forms of execution, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the nuances of the structure of roofs and their functional features. Among the main criteria that form the classification of roofs are the type and general design of the structure, slope, finishing materials. The roof is attic and non-attic, flat and pitched. Flat roofs do not differ in variety, but the second type is divided into many subtypes, such as conical, domed, hipped, mansard, multi-gabled, hip, gable and shed. The purpose, advantages and disadvantages of each of them must be studied in detail. First of all, durability, cost and performance are taken into account. A large number of houses with beautiful designer roofs are built every year in the world, so it is worth using imagination in the design process.

When developing a roof scheme for a building of complex geometry, it is necessary to single out the main and adjacent parts of the roof.

Shed

The roof of a private house with one slope looks very simple. This type of construction is rarely used, but it can be seen on simple country houses. The disadvantage of this layout is the one-sided type of drainage system - it has a much greater load than bilateral or other types. The appearance of the roof with a one-sided slope is not the most presentable. This design can be considered the best solution for arranging various outbuildings of small sizes. This is how garages and guest houses are finished. Those wishing to mount such a roof should think about a water outflow system. The main criterion is its throughput. With snow masses, this design copes very well. Shed roof is appropriate in cold climates, as well as in those regions where there is not a lot of rainfall.

gable

This type of roof can have:

• Hanging or inclined rafters.
• Various cornice overhangs.
• Uneven angles.

The design of a gable roof consists of load-bearing beams and roofing material attached to the crate. The rafter system, as a rule, is made of beams connected by metal parts. The upper part of the roof forms a ridge. It is located exactly in the middle or closer to some edge. One of the subspecies of a gable roof is a multi-slope one (the angles of inclination are not the same on both sides). The design of such a roof looks original, but the design has a significant drawback - the attic space is used irrationally. A sloping roof not only eliminates such a problem, but is also built specifically for an attic room. The folds of the slopes create additional volume for the attic. Aesthetics is another advantage of a broken gable roof. The symmetrical design repeats the shape of an isosceles triangle.

Attic

This type of roof does not apply directly to gable roofs, since it can also be cantilevered or broken. The main feature is the division of the slope into a gentle (upper) and steep parts (located below). The usual gable mansard roof has rectangular rafters lying parallel. The steep part of the slope handles the load of snow very well. The mansard roof can also be broken. A characteristic feature of the latter is a presentable appearance. Bends are made outward or inward. They are often combined: a roof of an unusual shape is obtained with many internal and external kinks. The cantilever mansard roof combines the features of a gable and broken roof. Its parts can protrude several meters beyond the walls of the building, creating a lot of space inside. There are also mixed attic structures. This type includes the characteristics of the previous three and additional features.

hip

Another common type of roofing. The hip roof is composed of four slopes. End (they are called hips) have a triangular appearance. They occupy the space from the end of the ridge to the eaves. The other two slopes are in the shape of a trapezoid. Practicality is provided by the feature of the structure. First of all, this concerns the removal of precipitation. But the execution technology is much more complicated. For its construction will require a team of experienced builders. One of the downsides is that there will be no gables at the attic level, and more dormer windows will need to be made to improve lighting. This will add complexity to the design process, including in calculating the step of the truss system. Despite the fact that this design copes well with showers, it is often used in dry tropical areas.

A hip roof is useful if you need to finish:

• house with a veranda;
• oblong building;
• L-shaped house.

Half hip

The roof of this type includes the features of the classic gable and hip. There are no sharp corners in the design, and one of its main functions is protection from strong winds. In regions with snowy winters, such roofs are made with small canopies and steeper slopes. If there is no heavy snowfall at the location of the house, then the canopies should be large, and the slopes should be relatively gentle. A typical four-slope semi-hip roof has a cut end slope. The free space is sealed with a window (including a solid one) or a wall. However, a half-hip roof can combine elements of a gable roof. There are still four surface elements in this case. Unlike the previous version, the side slopes are devoid of a lower part, and the front ones have a shape that vaguely resembles a trapezoid, but with six corners. With this design, you get a larger attic.

Shatrovaya

This is a hipped roof, consisting of identical triangular sections. They must be equilateral. The slopes are connected exactly in the center. Due to the strict geometry, such a coating is not suitable for all houses. The name comes from the word "tent" - a mobile dwelling of a rectangular shape. A hipped roof is also called a pyramidal roof. It can be installed on houses with a base in the form of a square or a regular quadrangle (not in all cases). The overhangs of such a roof are at the same height. Despite the simple appearance, the installation of this type of roof is technically complex. The advantages of a hipped roof are its ability to warm up quickly and resistance to strong winds. The main disadvantage is the presence of many connections in the truss structure, which makes the construction process more complicated and lengthy.

Other cons:

• Significant waste of roofing materials.
• A small amount of space under the attic.
• Cost.

Multi-forceps

It is characterized by great variability in execution, based on the number, shape, location and size of gables (tongs). Its sunken corners require very careful, accurate and precise finishing. On a multi-gable roof there are a large number of valleys at the junctions of the slopes. It is erected on objects with a complex layout, unusual architectural forms, two-tiered attic compartments and attics. Precipitation and melt water will descend along the valleys. Snow usually accumulates there, so they should be made strong and as tight as possible. An increase in bearing capacity can turn valleys from the most vulnerable elements of the roof structure into the most functional ones. One of the main advantages of a multi-gable roof is the balance of the truss system. The main problem is the complexity of its installation.

vaulted

This is the name of the roof of a rounded, hemispherical or cylindrical shape. The vault is usually made of stone or brick. Special rafter systems will be required, since the standard ones will be unsuitable in the decoration of a curved arch. Both curved metal forms and rounded wooden frames made of glued laminated timber are used as the material for supporting structures. Special order required. Strength should be the main quality of cylindrical beams. Sometimes lattice trusses with a complex pattern are used. This will affect the final price. Design and installation cost much more than for roofs with rectilinear shapes. For this reason, the cylindrical roof is not widely used. For finishing, they buy rolled materials from polymeric bitumen, a seam metal coating; in some cases, a flexible tile is suitable.

Although the installation of a vaulted roof itself is much more expensive, the material consumption can be small.

tambourine

The roof is made of four diamond-shaped slopes, brought together at one point in the center. Suitable for square buildings. A diamond-shaped roof is mounted on small cottages, country houses. If desired, you can make a large high attic. Diamond roofing can most often be seen on one-story buildings. The most common subspecies of diamond roofing is the Sudeikin roof. Its design consists of four triangular slopes (hips) in the upper half and the same number of triangular slopes adjoining them, directed downward. Such a building will have four tongs. As a truss system, a special design of bars in the form of an octagonal dome is used. The classical diamond-shaped roof of G. Sudeikin provides for the presence of a central bearing pillar. However, you can mount the roof without it.

For the subsequent placement of decorating elements (original dormer windows and chimneys, unusual gables), roofs are installed with a large slope, almost vertical in some places. This configuration can be used to equip a full-fledged floor with many design solutions. A slight slope better protects from the wind, since the contact area will be larger. However, this does not apply to roofs with a very slight slope. Rain water and snow from a low roof drain more slowly, this can lead to leakage. Slightly sloped surfaces require more maintenance. There is no need to clean slopes of 45° or more. A roof with a large slope (from 45°) is considered "self-cleaning". A relatively flat roof is the most economical option, but there will be little space in the attic. This problem can be solved by increasing the height of the walls of the last floor at the design stage.

The roof includes different elements. All types of roofs consist of slopes - surfaces that have a certain slope. These are several independent components that are closely adjacent to each other, less often - one. The ridge is called the upper line parallel to the horizon, where several slopes are connected. The same name may have ridge tiles and ridge slats. Many roofs have such an element as a valley. This is the inner corner at the junction of two slopes. The valley is the main node in the roof device. Overhangs are of two types. Cornice - located on the side of the roof surface protruding beyond the walls of the building; gable - part of the roof hanging over the gable (pediment) of the building. Both options can have a strict rectilinear form or be performed in an original manner. The basis for the construction of the roof is the truss system - a supporting structure of rafters, struts, racks and crossbeams.

Forms of the stacking system

Rafter structures are equipped in different ways. The shed configuration provides for the presence of two rows of racks or walls as a support for the rafter legs. One wall should be higher. The gable structure performs a supporting function on roofs consisting of two rectangular pitched surfaces. In the vast majority of cases, the legs of such a system rest against two identical supporting walls of the house box. Hips are designed for four pitched surfaces. The rafters create two trapezoidal and as many triangular bases. They rest on the long and end walls, respectively. The tent truss system is supported by the same walls. Broken (attic) truss structures are installed in a similar way, as in the case of gable systems, but the rafter legs are placed in two tiers.

The truss system may include the following elements:

• fight;
• ridge knot;
• run;
• rack;
• Mauerlat;
• struts;
• sill.

This design has a strong support under the lower and upper heels. Manufacturing and installation takes place in a similar way, as is the case with a shed roof. Layered systems are erected over boxes with an internal supporting wall. It is necessary as a supporting structure for the ridge run. The function of the wall can be performed by rows of columns or racks. In a simple five-meter-span layered structure, the tops of the rafters rest on the purlin. The bed plays the role of a support for the run itself. Structural strength is provided by struts. Systems with large spans are equipped with additional runs and scrambles. The latter provide structural stability. The inclined system can use one of two types of support. With one of them, rotation is possible and there are two degrees of freedom. The second option provides only one degree of freedom.

This type of structure has only a lower support. The tops support each other. The frame elements are made in the form of a triangle, which eliminates the need for a Mauerlat. Its role is played by the puff (base). It is used in order to compensate for the thrust on the roof from the mass of the system, the coating and the snow that will be on it. The hanging configuration is applicable for small boxes without a supporting element under the ridge run. If you need to finish a large span, then the structure is equipped with ties, struts and grandmas. The use of two additional supports makes it possible to cover a distance of up to 15 meters. Hanging system rafters avoid horizontal loads. They create tension that is not transferred to the walls of the building. The tops of the rafters can be fixed end-to-end or stacked on a run.

The choice of roofing depending on the slope

Flat roofs are covered with multilayer roll materials, bitumen. If the slope is more than 5 °, then three-layer roll materials that do not have protection can be used in the decoration. Bituminous waterproofing with a coarse layer is recommended to be applied if the slope is more than 10 °. At an inclination of more than 15 °, wave-shaped roofing sheets are laid. The execution materials can be bitulin, ondulin, euroslate, asbestos-cement slate. Guttered clay tiles are used with a slope of 20 °. Galvanized steel, copper, metal tiles, metal profiles and sheet steel are laid at an angle of inclination greater than 30 °. Seam steel is used with a slope of 18 ° to 25 °, sometimes from 8 °. Slate and asbestos-cement tiles, as well as natural tiles, are appropriate if the roof is steep (from 50 °). When finishing roofs inclined at an angle of 80 °, wood chips and shingles (shingles) are used.

Features of mansard roofs

Attics can vary significantly in configuration. One of the fundamental features of the mansard roof is the presence of outward bends, but there are also internal kinks. A sloping roof can be seen on small buildings. This is a complicated version of a gable roof with a decorative purpose. A pitched mansard roof should ideally be sloped at a 40° angle. The slope is made on the leeward side of the building. Attics under a simple symmetrical roof usually have a fairly large "deaf" zone near the joints of the roof with the walls. The recommended angle of inclination of the roof is 45°. A good solution is to create an attic floor with asymmetrical slopes. Tall items can be placed there. The main problem is the complexity of the design calculations. Hipped mansard roofs need to be made with a large angle of inclination. In the center of the attic room there will be plenty of storage space for tall bulky items.

In regions where there is a hurricane wind, it is better to place a shed roof on the windward side, and to strengthen the supporting structure with diagonal ligaments.

Warming and waterproofing

The choice of material for waterproofing depends on climatic conditions. The most commonly used ruberoid. This is a very strong material. Its advantage lies in its long service life. Recently, the use of waterproofing film to protect roof layers from water with the possibility of its evaporation has become popular. Thermal insulation is carried out due to the interior decoration of the space between the legs of the truss structure. This is done before the final facing of the room. Fiberglass, glass or mineral wool is chosen as the insulating material. Glass wool is produced in the form of plates and rolls. It is recommended to choose plates. They are more durable, as they are less deformed, and their thermal insulation properties are about the same. In addition, foam sheets can be used to insulate the roof.

Parameters of insulating materials:

• breathability;
• compressibility;
• vapor permeability;
• compressive strength;
• density;
• thermal conductivity.

Roof design and colors

Over the past 15-20 years, flat roofs have become popular. This implementation allows you to shift the focus to the main part of the building. Flat-roofed houses can have an unusual and geometrically complex shape in the spirit of modern styles such as minimalism, biotech, high-tech and avant-garde. Pitched roofing is more diverse. Sloped roofs are appropriate in all kinds of building design projects. Shed roof looks beautiful with transparent walls. A multi-gable roof can be decorated in a unique French style or in the manner of traditional Russian architecture. The color scheme is selected depending on the color of the building itself. The roof is made darker, so the choice of shades is often limited to dark, cold and mixed tones. The roof of the original form looks best in blue, bluish, black and gray colors.

Conclusion

The process of installing a roof begins with design. At this stage, various parameters are calculated, all wishes are taken into account. Much depends on the frame structure. The optimal placement and size of roof windows is determined before the start of its construction. After installing the truss system, the main part of the work begins. The structure will be coated according to its configuration. The roof must be made using resistant and durable materials. The main criteria for their selection are such indicators as the slope of the slopes, the windiness of the territory, the amount and type of precipitation in the region. Over the past few decades, many high-quality functional materials for decoration have appeared. After completing the external arrangement of the roof, you should deal with the choice of insulation, hydro and vapor barrier.