How is going to translated? The expression to be going to in English. Formation of the construction to be going to

Many beginners learning English are faced with the question: how does will differ from the going to form and in what cases is it correct to use them? After all, the words Going to and Will are used in the Future Simple and are, as it were, interchangeable. For ease of understanding, I present material from an American teacher who explains this issue very simply and briefly.
Read the article to the end and you will easily learn how to use these tense forms in your English.

So, you can talk about your future plans in two ways, using the form will or going to.

REMEMBER:

Will - used when we want to talk about our future plans and dreams or spontaneous actions. See examples below.

Going to - used when we need to talk about a specific and definite action or intention in the future. We have ALREADY thought through this action, as opposed to just dreaming or intending, and we are going to take it. More examples below.

Using Will - Examples

1. When we plan something not by precisely calculating, but by thinking, dreaming - Dream.

I will get married.
I'll get married.

I will have a family.
I'll have a family.

Someday I will travel the world.
Someday I will travel the world.

Someday I will become a doctor.
I'll be a doctor someday.

2. When we promise something - Promise.

I promise I'll help you.
I promise I will help you.

I promise I’ll send you more information.
I will send you more information on the issue.

I'll get back to you as soon as possible.
I will contact you as soon as I can.

I'll tell you what is the secret.
I'll tell you the secret.

3. Request.

Will you leave a comment, please?
Please leave a comment.

Please, will you leave a like on this video?
Like this video, please.

Will you please subscribe to my channel?
Please subscribe to my channel.

4. When we talk about a fact - Fact.

The President of the United States will serve for four years.
The President of the United States will serve in this post for 4 years.

I will graduate from college next year.
Next year I graduate from college.

5. When making decisions - Upon deciding.

Would you like some chocolate?
Do you want some chocolate?

Sure, I'll try one.
Yeah, I'll try.

6. When we promise to help on a voluntary basis - Help or volunteering.

I'll help you.
I will help you.

7. Set expression when the phone rings:

I’ll get it - I’ll pick up / the phone /. I will answer.

Using Going to - Examples

1. We are going to plan to make a specific planned intention, commitment - Definite.

What are you going to do after work?
What will you do after work?

I'm going to go to the gym.
I'm about to go to the gym. I'll go to the gym.

I'm going to make dinner.
I'm going to cook dinner. I'll cook dinner.

I'm just going to relax.
I'm just going to relax. I'll just rest.

2. Action in the future, direct and immediate, in the very near future: today, tomorrow, over the weekend. But not in a year or 10 years, as in the case of will. Now or immediate plans/actions - Now and Soon.

I'm going to cut some cake now.
Now I'll cut some cake.

I'm going to bed soon.
I'm going to bed soon.

4. Anticipation

Are you going to help me?
Are you going to help me?
Will you help me?

Are you going to leave a comment?
Will you write your comments? I’m going to be President someday.
I am going to become president - a determined intention.

I will be President someday.

Someday I will be president - a dream.

Well, I hope now you won't have any difficulties using Will and Going to. And to practice Listening, listen to Gabi - she speaks very well and clearly. Turnover is often used in everyday speech to express planned action, that is, when we

re going

do something. This phrase is one of those in the English language.

Forms of to be going to in the present tense

After the turn, any word can come (a verb in the initial form). Here are the patterns of turnover in the present tense with different infinitives

Note: the translation of sentences with going to always depends heavily on the context. In the examples below, going to is translated in different ways, such as “getting ready” or in the future tense.

Going to in the affirmative form

• In the affirmative form, a sentence with to be going to is constructed according to the following scheme:
• Note: this part “to be going to + infinitive” forms the predicate.
• I am going to swim. - I'm going to go swimming.
• You are going to be fine. - You'll be fine.
• He (she, it) is going to come back. - He will return.
• We are going to work. - We're going to work.

You are going to get rich. - You will get rich.

They are going to regret it. - They will regret this. Going to in negative form In negative form a particle is added

• not
• You are not going to sleep tonight. - You won't sleep today.
• He (she, it) is not going to be welcome here. “He won’t be welcome here.”
• We are not going to leave. - We're not going to leave.
• You are not going to like it. -You won't like this.
• They are not going to find us. - They won't find us.

Going to in interrogative form

In the interrogative form, the verb to be is placed before the subject.

• Am I going to stay here? – Will I stay here?
• Are you going to help me? - Will you help me?
• Is he (she, it) going to be here? - Will he be here?
• Are we going to join them? - Shall we join them?
• Are you going to win? – Are you going to win?
• Are they going to wait? - Will they wait?

Using to be going to in the present tense: rules and example sentences

In short, it is mainly used to indicate an action planned for the near future:

I am going to drink coffee with Mary. - I'm going to have coffee with Mary.

They are going to get married. - They will (soon) get married.

Or an action that is about to happen:

It 's going to rain. - (It’s about to) rain.

Look! He is going to fall! - Look! He's about to fall!

But if you look in more detail, some nuances will emerge.

So, the phrase to be going to is used in two cases:

1. When an action is planned for the future even before the moment of speech

The action is planned for the future, and the plan arose before the moment of speech. In other words, I have already made a decision and am reporting it. For example, I firmly decided that tomorrow I will quit my job:

I 'm going to quit my job tomorrow. - I'm going to quit my job tomorrow.

Ron and Jane agreed to play tennis in the evening. Jane tells her friend about this:

We are going to play tennis tonight. – We are going to play tennis in the evening.

Lucy has decided to buy new shoes next week:

I 'm going to buy new shoes next week. — I'm going to buy new shoes next week.

If the decision is made not in advance, but at the moment of speech, use the verb will. Compare two examples:

Example 1:

– Yes, I know. I 'm going to go and buy some later. – Yes, I know, I’ll go buy (I’m going to go buy) later.

Here we use turnover because the action (buying coffee) was planned in advance.

Example 2:

– We are out of coffee. - We've run out of coffee.

– Really? I will go and buy some. - Is it true? I'll go buy some.

An auxiliary verb is used will, because the decision is made at the moment of speech.

2. When certain signs indicate that an action will definitely happen

The speaker seems to predict an event, based on certain obvious signs or his own experience, and reports: something is about to happen.

A “prediction” may refer to a fairly distant time, for example:

It's so cold! I think it is going to snow. - So cold! I think it will snow.

This means that it will snow not in a second or two, but soon - in the indefinite near future. Maybe tomorrow, or maybe in a week. The fact that snow will certainly happen is indicated by a sign (cold).

I have broken my sister’s vase. She is going to kill me! – I broke my sister’s vase. She'll kill me!

The sister will kill our hero in the near future as soon as she notices the broken vase. The speaker's experience indicates that this will happen (he knows his sister's character very well).

Often a “prediction” refers to the near future when something exactly will happen:

Look at the dog. It 's going to bite you. - Look at the dog. She's going to bite you now.

Get back! The bomb is going to explode. - Back! The bomb is about to explode!

For “predictions” the future tense with a verb can also be used will, but in this case it is usually an opinion that is not supported by obvious evidence or experience.

I think the cop will spot us. “I think the cop will notice us.”

This opinion is not supported by anything. And here it is supported:

The cop has got a flashlight! He is going to spot us. - The cop has a flashlight! He'll notice us.

To be going to in the past tense

In the past tense, sentences with are constructed in the same way as in the present, but the verb to be takes the form of the past tense - was(singular) or were(plural).

I was going to call you. - I was going to call you.

We were going to buy a new TV. – We were going to buy a new TV.

When a phrase is used in the past tense, it usually means that the speaker wanted, planned, was going to do something, but in the end did not do it.

Example sentences:

I was going to call you but I lost your phone number. – I was going to call you, but I lost your phone number.

It was going to rain but suddenly the sun appeared. – It was going to rain, but suddenly the sun appeared.

We were going to buy a new TV but then we changed our minds. – We were going to buy a new TV, but then we changed our minds.

Gonna – shortened version of going to

In colloquial speech going to often shortened to gonna:

I'm gonna get some milk. - I'm going to buy milk.

She's gonna be happy. - She will be happy.

The abbreviation is used not only in the affirmative, but also in the negative and interrogative forms, including in the past tense:

I wasn't gonna do that. - I didn't intend to do this.

Are you gonna believe me? -Will you believe me?

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To express action in the future, the verb is often used instead to go in the form of + the main verb without the particle to = I am/He, she is… going to + infinitive.
Turnover value …to be going to + infinitive – I intend, I intend. I am going to learn English – I am going (intending) to study English.

Abbreviated forms:

‘m= am
‘re= are
's=is
aren't= are not
isn't= is not

Use of the construction …to be going to + infinitive

1. Action in the future, prerequisites for the accomplishment of which exist in the present.

Examples: Look at those black clouds in the sky. It 's going to rain. – Look at those dark clouds in the sky. It looks like it will rain.

2. Intention to perform an action in the near future (when such a decision has already been made).

Examples: I 'm going to have a shower. - I am going to take a shower.
She 's going to change her job. – She is going to change jobs.

3. In circulation …to be going to + infinitive, the infinitive can be used in the passive voice.

Examples: Don't tell her she is going to be fired. – Don’t tell her she’s going to be fired (she will be fired).

There are several ways to talk about plans for the future, dreams, and upcoming events. This is where the rub comes in. After all, it can be both the present tense and the future, and a special construction to be going to. It is the latter that we will talk about.

If you know exactly what you are going to do, then use to be going to, which in Russian (relative to the future tense) will sound like “I’m going, I intend.” The action refers to the future, the immediate, almost exact. Our rules and exercises on to be going to will help you see the usage and all the differences from other times.

Conjugation of the construction to be going to

The verb be is revealed according to the conjugation, the usual forms in the present tense. And after to there is always one more action.

Well abbreviated forms, which are used both in spoken language and in writing.

I am= I am = am not - not abbreviated

She is= she’s= isn’t

We are = we’re = aren’t

They are = they’re= aren’t

Use

1. In order not to be confused with Present Continuous ( in the meaning of going - where the process is emphasized), pay attention to the infinitive after to. The first tells where you are going, and the second tells what you are going to do. Well, what can I say, let's look at examples:

I am going to the theater. - I am going to the theater.

I am going to do shopping. — I'm going shopping.

She is not going by bus now. — She's not going by bus now.

She is not going to get out of the bus. “She’s not going to get off the bus.”

2. To be going to is often confused with Future Simple , where the future is expressed with will be. The second tense speaks about the intended action, about what you expect, plan, believe, predict future actions, but do not know for sure. Or, if you decide to do something precisely at the moment of conversation, based on the situation, then we use will be. But if your intention was previously far-fetched, then - to be going to.

We haven't any sugar. I will take some. - We don't have sugar. I'll take some. (The action occurred during the conversation)

I am going to buy some sugar because we haven’t any. — I'm going to buy sugar, since we don't have any. (It’s already been decided what needs to be bought, and I’m already going to buy)

Are you sure that he will get this place? - Are you sure he will get this place? (assumption)

It's 4 o'clock. We are going to be late. - Four o'clock. We will be late (the present situation suggests that we are going to be late in the near future, this is almost certain)

Look! the sky is grey. It is going to rain. - Look! Grey sky. It's going to rain now (almost certainly, the results of the present say so)

I have seen the forecast. It will be rainy tomorrow. — I looked at the weather forecast. It will rain tomorrow (possibly)

The first part of the plan was completed. We have read the rules. Now it’s time to move on to exercises on “to be going to”. After them, you will be convinced that there is nothing complicated in this design. Your task is to carefully look at the sentence and its meaning, and the rest is a matter of practice. Get started!

Exercises on to be going to

Open the brackets and put the verb in the Future Simple or use to be going to.

1. I've a headache. Wait. I... (bring) you an aspirin.
2. Why have you taken the water? I... (wash) a car.
3. I want to paint my room. - What color do you (paint) it?
4. What would you like to drink? I... (have) a glass of milk.
5. Oh. We need some money. - I... (lend) a little.
6. Did you send a letter? No, I forgot. I... (do) it now.
7. I have bought the manual of the phone and I (read) it.
8. I (go) to this camp next month.
9. I think you (be) a good mother.
10. I... (leave) you soon. My holidays are over.
11. When we (make) the decision we… (let) you know.
12. Let's go inside. It (rain).
13. Where are you going? — I (buy) some bread for dinner.
14. What we.. (have) for dinner? I don’t know... Ok. We (have) potatoes.
15. My car is broken and I (repair) it.

We have already managed to study the future simple tense with you Future Simple, which is used to denote actions in the future tense, in particular decisions made during a conversation, predictions about the future and expressing one's own opinion about future events.

But what if we are talking about planned actions for the future? There is a special phrase in English for this purpose: to be going to, which translates as, to get ready to do something. However, it can also be used to indicate predictions about the future based on the current situation.

Using the phrase to be going to

Therefore, we can conclude that the turnover to be going to several usages:

• Intentions for the future;
• Predictions taking into account the current situation.

Let's look at a few examples.
I am going to see a doctor tomorrow. I'm going to see the doctor tomorrow.

The sky is dark. It is going to rain. The sky is dark. It will be raining.

Try to answer the question, which of the 2 sentences expresses intention for the future, which of them is a prediction for the future?

In the first sentence we see that it is intention for the future, and we can assume that this is a planned visit to the doctor. While in the second sentence we see a description of the situation At the moment(the sky is dark), and judging by this fact we can predict that it will rain.

As for grammatical forms, the inflected part in circulation to be going to is a verb to be which conjugates in the present tense has the forms am/is/are. Particle to (going to) says that after the turn there should immediately be a verb in the indefinite form, what you are going to do.

For example, I am going to read a book. I'm going to read a book.

He is going to ride a bike. He is going to ride a bike.

We are going to spend our holidays in the country. We are going to spend our holidays in the village.

Negative form of to be going to

The negative form of this turnover is constructed very easily using a negative particle not, which is added to the variable part of the phrase, the verb to be (am not, is not, are not). You can use both short forms and full forms (isn’t, aren’t, I’m not)

For example, I’m not going to watch a film tonight. I'm not going to watch the movie today.

She isn't going to buy a new dress. She is not going to buy a new dress.

They aren't going to repair their car themselves. They are not going to repair the car themselves.

Interrogative form of the phrase to be going to

The question can be constructed simply by rearranging the verb to be and subject. Verb to be will occupy 1st place in the question, and the subject will occupy 2nd place.

Short answers are also given using the verb to be and the corresponding pronoun.
Do the following exercises to reinforce the material.

Lesson assignments

Exercise 1. Make up 2 sentences for each use of the phrase to be going to.

Exercise 2. Give short answers to the questions.
1. Are you going to see him at 6 tonight?
2. Is it going to rain? There are a lot of dark clouds in the sky.
3. Are they going to take the children to the cinema tonight?
4. Is he going to be late for school? It is already 8 a.m.
5. Are you going to arrange a Halloween party?

Exercise 2.
1. Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
2. Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.
3. Yes, they are./ No, they are not.
4. Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.
5. Yes, I am./ No, I am not.