Auxiliary verb will in English. Auxiliary verbs in English. Auxiliary verb to be

Auxiliary verbs are used to form complex forms of the predicate in the English sentence., which play an important role in the conjugation of the English verb ( formation of verb tenses), they have no independent meaning and are only indicators of time, person, number, pledge.

Auxiliary verbs:

Present - present tense.

• Affirmative form I work; No auxiliary verb
• Interrogative form Do I work?
• Negative Form I do not work;
• Do I not work?

Past Indefinite - Past indefinite time.

• Affirmative form I worked; No auxiliary verb
• Interrogative form Did I work?
• Negative Form I did not work;
• Interrogative - negative Did I not work?

List of auxiliary verbs

1. to do; [ tu:du:]
2. shall, should; [ ʃal], [ʃʊd]
3. will, would; [ wɪl], [wʊd]
4. to be [ tu:bi]
5. to have [ tu: hæv] (not always auxiliary);

Note. There is only one auxiliary verb in Russian to be.

verb to do Information about the use and conjugation of the verb to do is available on a separate page. The verb "to-do" For a correct understanding of the following information, you need to look at the conjugation table of the verb to do. (will open in a new tab)

Verbs: shall, should, will, would.

• should is the past tense form of the verb shall these verbs are used with pronouns: I - I and we - we
• would is the past tense form of the verb will these verbs are used with pronouns: you - you, you, he - he, she - she, it - he, she, it (about objects, about animals), they - they

Verbs: shall, will are used in the formation of affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences in all forms of the future tense with all verbs of the indicative moodexcept modal. Shall - used to express a future action with the first person singular and plural. will - used to express a future action with the second and third person singular and plural.

The verb shall is also used in interrogative sentences when the speaker asks for advice to do or not to do this or that action: Shall I sign here? - Should I sign here?

Note. In modern English, the verb shall is replaced by the verb will, that is, if you say: I will be at the cafe tomorrow - I will be in the cafe tomorrow. It won't be a mistake.

Verbs: should, would are used as ancillary

1. When forming affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences in all forms future in past tense indicative mood with all verbs (except modal).
2. In sentences in the subjunctive mood;
3. Like modal verbs.

Auxiliary verb conjugations

• Verb conjugation table to do
• conjugation table

A verb is a part of speech that displays action, described in the offer. This structure of this rule is relevant for, but not for English. In an international language, a verb can be both semantic and auxiliary. Thanks to this technique, grammar becomes easier, and sentences are built much faster. What are auxiliary verbs in English, how to arrange and modify them correctly?

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Introduction

The whole complexity of the English language lies in the large number of temporary forms on the basis of which it is built.

Times in turn formed by auxiliary verbs, which have an indefinite form, and are modified depending on the pronoun that stands before them.

In other words, it is a pointer that shows us who is doing something and when. For accuracy of understanding, below is a table of auxiliary in English, and after it a clear decoding of all the nuances is given.

The table highlights three groups, each of which has a present, past and future (present, past, future). For each individual group, you need to use a specific auxiliary verb, which changes depending on the time in which we use it.

Present, Past, Future Indefinite

A tense group that allows us to describe daily events that occur regularly or periodically. Examples are the following: I work in a factory, we walk in the park in the evenings, and so on. In the times of the Indefinite group, the most simple and short sentences English, which are accessible and understandable to a Russian-speaking person. Well, now let's look at what an auxiliary verb in this category is and how it should be used.

To Do literally translates as "to do", but in the group of tenses Indefinite acts as the very indicator of time and pronoun in question. In the sentences of the affirmative form of the present tense, he is not put, but if you need to ask a question or refute something, then his participation is mandatory. For the present the word forms Do and Does are used, depending on the pronoun:

• Do is used for I, You, We, They (I, you, we, they);
• Does - for He, She, It (he, she, it or that).

You can consider both options with examples in interrogative sentences with Do: “Do you play piano? “Do you play the piano?” or “Does he live in Chicago? Does he live in Chicago?

Similar examples can be seen in negatives: “We do not play football. – We do not play football”, “She does not like potatoes. She doesn't like potatoes.

This is the basic rule for Do and Does, which allows you to competently and clearly build the most used sentences in English. These forms of the auxiliary verb tell us the pronoun in question, as well as the tense in which the main action takes place.

The verb form Do in the Past Indefinite form is Did. In this case, he same for all pronouns, and is used only in interrogative and negative sentences. It sounds something like this: “Did you go to school yesterday? - Did you go to school yesterday?", which may be followed by a negative answer "I did not go to school yesterday - I did not go to school yesterday." It turns out that in cases where the verb Did is placed in a sentence, we can automatically attribute it to the past tense. Moreover, it immediately becomes clear that we are talking about a question or a negative answer to it.

As for the future tense, here for all pronouns, and for all forms, whether it be affirmative, interrogative or negative, we use the word Will. It does not change depending on the pronoun, so learning this rule will be very simple. Let's look at the usage with an example:

• She will go to the park tomorrow - She will go to the park tomorrow.
• Will she go to the park tomorrow? Will she go to the park tomorrow?
• She will not go to the park tomorrow - She will not go to the park tomorrow.

Attention! In the future definite tense, the auxiliary verb Shall also takes place. It is used only in combination with the pronoun "I" in all forms of the sentence. However, recently it has become rarely used, thereby simplifying the scheme for this time. You can hear the phrase “I shall” only from a resident of the UK, but all the rest of the English-speaking countries say “I will”.

Present, Past, Future Continuous

The tenses of the Continuous category, which translates as "long", indicate an unfinished action.

It may be happening at the moment, it may be unfinished in the past or in the future. In the Russian version, such statements sound like: “I read yesterday”, “She swims in the pool”, “We will play checkers tomorrow”, etc.

As in the case of Do, for the previous group of tenses, there is an auxiliary verb form here, indicating the duration and incompleteness of the action.

To be- a verb, the literal translation of which sounds like "to be." Based on its semantic load, it follows that it belongs to times with an incomplete meaning. To understand how it works, it is enough to literally translate the simplest sentence with his participation: "To be reading - to be a reader." Like the forms of the verb Do, the varieties of To Be vary with pronouns and tense.

• Am (I) - am.
• You, We, They (you, we, they) - are.
• He, She, It (he, she it) - is.

This scheme is used for the present indefinite time. For example, consider short statements with its use: “I am dancing - I am dancing”, “They are drawing - they are drawing”, “She is watching TV - she is watching TV”. The verb to be in the above forms is used in positive, interrogative and negative sentences and is a "calling card" unfinished action.

For the past tense of this category, the rule is slightly simplified. Sentences with to be can be divided into two groups, the first of which is singular, the second is plural:

• I, He, She, It (I, he, she, it) - was.
• We, You, They (we, you, they) - were.

Now examples with the following words: “She was cooking - she cooked”, “We were swimming - we swam”.

When it comes to the future unfinished tense, the scheme becomes even simpler. For all pronouns, we use be with the prefix will, and we get the following: "I (He) will be running - I (he) will (et) run."

Advice! In the tenses of the Continuous group, all semantic verb forms have the ending -ing. It is assigned to them regardless of the pronoun, as well as in the past tense, present and future.

Present, Past, Future Perfect

This grammatical category is used to describe a clearly completed case. In the present tense, a past action that has a result at the moment is characterized in a similar way.

As for the past and the future, such forms are used extremely rarely. They indicate a fully completed action that preceded another, incomplete, in the past or in the future. We propose to consider how such a grammatical structure is formed.

The auxiliary verb Have is an integral part of the entire Perfect section. It also has its forms, depending on time and pronoun, and it is thanks to them that we identify what is happening. Let's start, as always, with a real and brief scheme for using To Have:

• I, You, We, They (I, you, we, they) - have.
• He, She, It (he, she, it) - has.

Let's give examples in which this grammatical phrase occurs: “He has gone - he left”, “We have done that - we did it”. present Perfect- a very common occurrence in everyday English speech, since it is this grammatical structure that perfectly reflects everyday events.

In the past tense of this category, people speak and write extremely rarely. The structure of the sentence itself is simple and clear, it is based on the verb form Had, which is the same for all pronouns: "Train had left - the train left." Similar simplicity is also characteristic of the future form, where the auxiliary verb looks like Will Have, for example: "She will have receive a letter - she will receive a letter."

Important! In the tenses of the Perfect group, all semantic verbs, even in the future, are put in the past form. In the table of irregular verbs, this is the third column, and for all others, the ending -ed is used. Even in those cases when the form Had or Will Have is used, as if already indicating the time, the semantic verb must always remain in the past tense.

Types of auxiliary verbs in English

Learning English - Auxiliary Verbs

Conclusion

We briefly examined the main grammatical forms of the English language, on the basis of which speech is built. For many, it was previously a mystery why there are two verbs with different meanings in the sentence, how to translate and comprehend this. Knowing when to use Do and Does, Have and Has, as well as a number of other auxiliary words, makes it much easier for any English-speaking citizen to understand.

An auxiliary verb in English is used together with a semantic (main) verb in order to give grammatical information and thereby reveal an additional meaning in a sentence that is not disclosed by the main verb. In a sentence, by themselves, they do not have any lexical meaning.
Be (to be), Do (to do) and Have (to have) are the main auxiliary verbs. They are irregular verbs and can also act as main verbs.

In addition, modal verbs are also classified as auxiliary verbs, but they will be considered separately. Modal verbs are: could, can, might, may, shall, must, will, should and would.

verb to be

Be is the most common verb in English. It can be used both as an auxiliary and as a semantic verb. Depending on time, person and number, it also has a large number of other common forms.

Present tense forms - am / is / are

Forms in the past tense - was / were

The use of is, am and are in various sentences:

Examples:

The auxiliary verb be may precede the verbs with the endings -ed and -ing.

verb to do

Do is one of the most common verbs in the English language. It can be both auxiliary and semantic. Do is usually used in interrogative sentences.

The use of do / does in various sentences:

Examples:

It should be noted that when do functions as an auxiliary verb, it always precedes semantic verbs in an indefinite form (infinitives).

verb to have

The verb have is one of the most widely used verbs in English and is used in many ways.

The use of have / has in various sentences:

The verb have is usually used to indicate possession of something (using the phrase I have or the phrase I have got).

Examples:

Auxiliary verbs in English have can also be used to express the need for something (using the phrase I have to or the phrase I have got to).

Also, sometimes have is used to indicate an action.

When referring to an action, the auxiliary verb have always precedes the verb in the past participle form.

When studying this part of speech, most attention is paid to irregular verbs. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to know them, but it is much more important to be aware of the use of auxiliary verbs. Teachers often compress the topic to a minimum, while without this knowledge it is impossible to freely express one's thoughts in English.

Division of verbs by meaning

All English verbs are divided into two categories:

Independent verbs are characterized by the presence of lexical meaning; express the action or state being performed:

• She works at office and walks to work through the park every day. She works in an office and walks through the park every day to work.

Service verbs do not have their own meaning, but only help in the structure of grammatical structures and bring clarity to the meaning of an independent verb.

Types of service verbs

• copulas used to form compound verbs(linking verbs):

• - help the speaker express his opinion about the action (modal verbs):

• auxiliary- without them it is impossible to form a compound predicate (auxiliary verbs):

Let's take a look at the last group.

Why are auxiliary verbs needed?

To understand the importance of auxiliary verbs, let's draw an analogy. When it is necessary to express the number, gender or time of action, the ending in Russian verbs changes; the British and Americans at this time simply use the auxiliary.

For example:

• She swims here every morning. - She swims here every morning.
• They are swimming now. - They swimming now.
• I swam on this beach a year ago. - I swam on this beach a year ago.

Be careful! Auxiliary verbs are not translated, so do not confuse them with similar semantic verbs.

• I am a student. - I am a student (the verb to be is translated as "to be").
• I am going to be come a student. - I'm going to become a student (the auxiliary verb tobe is part of the "to be going to" construction).

• Forest have a lot of money. - Mr. Forest has a lot of money (to have - to have);
• Mr. Forest have a lot of money when he is young. - Mr. Forest had a lot of money when he was young (in the first case "to have" is used to create the past perfect tense, in the second case the verb is semantic).

Auxiliary verb to be

Usage

Together with the semantic verb forms time(action currently taking place):

• I am watching an interesting movie now. - I am watching an interesting film now.
• She is cleaning now. - She is doing the cleaning now.
• They loudly discuss the results of the competition. - They are loudly discussing the results of competitions.

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Formation of questions and negations in tenses

(periodic execution of the process in real time):

• Anna visits her grandmother every weekend? - Does Ann visit her grandmother every weekend?
• They don't watch TV every evening, they are too busy. - They don't watch TV every evening. they are very busy.

(single action in the past tense):

• Did you read this article last month? - Did you read this article last month?
• Nick didn't cook such delicious desserts for me. - Nick didn't cook such tasty desserts for me.

verb to have

1. Present tenses: I/you/they have, he/she/it has.
2. For the past tense, a single form is used - had.
3. The negative form is also with the “not/(-n’t)” particle: have not/haven’t, hasn’t. hadn't.
4. It stands at the beginning of the questions: Hashe? Had they?

Participates in the formation of perfect forms of the past and present

• I haven't played this musical composition before. - I have not played this piece of music before ();
• I have been playing this musical composition for 3 hours. - I have been playing this piece for three hours ();
• I have finished to play this musical composition by 4 o'clock yesterday. - Yesterday at 4 o'clock I finished playing this piece ();
• I had been playing this musical composition for 5 hours when he called. - I had been playing this piece for five hours when he called (Past Perfect Continuous).

Verbs will and shall

Both verbs are involved in the creation of all variants of the future tense: I / we. he/she/it/you/they will. However, thanks to the Americans, only the will form is increasingly used, which makes it much easier to remember the rules.

• Kate will draw her dog tomorrow. - Kate will draw her dog tomorrow (Future Simple);
• Kate will be drawing her dog all day long. - Kate will draw her dog all day (Future Continuous);
• Kate will have drawn her dog by 10 o'clock next Friday. - Kate will draw her dog by ten o'clock next Friday (Future Perfect);
• By the end of the week Kate will have been drawing her dog for a month. - By the end of the week, Kate will have been drawing her dog for a month (Future Perfect Continuous).

To understand and master some of the rules for using auxiliary verbs, you may need a lot of time and exercises. Also pay attention to the detailed study of the formation of compound tenses, as these topics are directly related.

Which denotes an action or state. Depending on what meaning the verb has and whether it has at all, as well as what role it plays in the sentence, all English verbs can be divided into three groups: semantic verbs ( notational verbs), service ( semi-auxiliary verbs) and ( auxiliary verbs). Semantic verbs have a meaning, and in a sentence they are a simple verbal predicate. Service verbs are devoid of lexical meaning, and in a sentence they are used only as part of a compound nominal or verbal predicate. In more detail, we will talk about auxiliary verbs in English.

What are auxiliary verbs in English?

Auxiliary verbs in English have no lexical meaning. These verbs are used only in conjunction with semantic verbs to create compound (analytical) forms.
Here are the most common verbs:

• to be (am, are, is, was, were, been);
• to do (do, does, did);
• to have (have, has, had);
• shall (should);
• will (would).

Verb to be in certain forms is used to form the simple present ( ) and past tense ( ). The choice of the form of this verb in the specified tenses depends on the number and person of the subject. Am- for 1 person, unit. numbers; are- for 1 person pl. numbers, 2 persons singular and many others. numbers, 3 persons pl. numbers; is- for a third person numbers. In the past time was used for the singular, and were- for plural. It is part of a compound predicate in the present, past and future continuous tenses ( / / ). Examples:

She is at the hospital now. “Now she is in the hospital.

We were next to your house yesterday. We were near your house yesterday.

I am working at the moment. - At the moment I'm working.

An auxiliary verb in English like to do has three forms: do/does/did. The form does is used with the third person singular, in other cases we choose do. This applies to the simple present tense - present simple. In simple past tense - past simple- use only the verb did. This auxiliary verb is needed to form interrogative and negative sentences in the tenses listed. Examples:

She doesn't do her work thoroughly. - She doesn't do her job thoroughly.

You didn't find a way out. You didn't find a way out.

He doesn't feel good. - He feels bad.

Auxiliary to have has three forms: have, has, had. This verb is used to form compound forms of the present, past and future perfect tenses ( / / ) and the same perfect continuous tenses in English ( / / ). The form have is needed for all persons and numbers, except for the third person singular. In this case, we use the form has. It's all in present tense. In the past - form had for all subjects. Examples:

He has just written the letter. - He just wrote a letter.

We had finished building this house when they came. By the time they arrived, we had already finished building the house.

Auxiliary verbs in English, namely shall and will needed for education. We are talking about simple, continuous, perfect, perfect long tenses ( , Future Continuous, Future Perfect , Future Perfect Continuous). Auxiliary Verb shall practically not used, and earlier it was used with pronouns of the 1st person, both singular and plural. Forms should / would needed in sentences that follow the rules. Examples:

My father will come in two days. My father will arrive in two days.

We shall be cooking tomorrow. - Tomorrow we will cook.

A friend of mine told me he would read this book at the weekends. My friend said that he would read this book at the weekend.

Auxiliary verbs in English are not numerous, but it is necessary to know them, since the formation and use of the times of this language depends on them.

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