When renovating any room, the most important point is the quality of the walls. Replacing the wall covering, you can completely change the design of the room. Wallpapering the walls is the most popular way to decorate a room. A variety of colors and textures, simplicity and ease of pasting, affordability and cost-effectiveness - these are just some of the advantages of wallpaper over the whole variety of modern finishing materials.
Having made a choice in favor of pasting walls with wallpaper, it is necessary to understand all the advantages and disadvantages of this material, as well as to understand the features of the application of each of their types.
Wallpaper classification and characteristics of their types
Manufacturers classify modern roll wallpaper according to the technical characteristics of their types:
- According to moisture resistance: non-moisture resistant - they are wiped with a dry rag or cleaned with a vacuum cleaner, they cannot be washed with water; moisture resistant - carefully washed with a damp cloth or soft sponge without the use of detergents; washable - withstand wet soapy cleaning with a soft cloth; highly resistant - brushing with detergents is allowed. On the label of each roll, manufacturers indicate the degree of water resistance with wavy lines or letter markings.
- According to the structure of the top layer: with a smooth surface, with an applied relief, with a small embossed pattern, with a deeply embossed pattern.
- By thickness: with low density, with medium and high density.
- By design: no pattern, plain and patterned.
Decorative wallpaper with a color coating on the label has a pictogram in the form of a sun disk, indicating the degree of resistance to fading. Each type of wallpaper has its own recommendations for the type of glue and features for applying the adhesive composition.
According to the material of manufacture, wallpaper is divided into several types:
- paper;
- vinyl;
- non-woven;
- textile;
- acrylic;
- cullet;
- cork and others.
Paper based wallpaper
Paper wallpapers owe their popularity to their low price and wide range, environmental friendliness and high breathability. But they have low strength to mechanical stress and are afraid of moisture, so with careful care they will last from 3 to 5 years. However, a short operational period can be attributed to their positive characteristics. Types of paper wallpaper allow you to easily and inexpensively replace the wall covering, quickly refresh or change the interior of the room.
According to the density of the web on a paper basis, they are divided into three groups:
- lungs have a weight of up to 110 g / m 2;
- medium with a weight of 110-140 g / m 2;
- heavy ones weigh more than 140 g / m 2.
Medium density paper wallpapers are ideal for pasting walls. They hide minor surface irregularities and are easy to stick. When applying glue, low-density paper sheets quickly soak, stretch and spread in the hands, do not hide surface defects, they are difficult to level on the wall. Heavy wallpaper with a high density requires a lot of physical effort when working.
Separation of paper-based wallpaper by strength
- Simplex - a simple paper single-layer tape with a printed pattern. With low density and inexpensive coverage, this type of wallpaper is the cheapest of all types of wallpaper. For the bedroom, children's room or study, thanks to the huge selection of colors, this is a good choice. Before pasting the walls with such wallpaper, it is recommended to pre-level and prime their surface.
- Duplex (two-layer) and triplex (three-layer) are thicker sheets, usually with an embossed pattern. They cost a little more than single-layer ones, but hide the uneven wall surface well.
- Waterproof can be used for pasting walls in the hallway or kitchen, withstand gentle, without pressure, wiping with a damp soft cloth.
When sticking paper wallpaper, the walls and the canvas itself are smeared with the most common glue. Today you can find white textured paper-based wallpapers designed for self-coloring.
Acrylic types of wallpaper for walls and their characteristics
A popular type of paper wallpaper are canvases with a dotted acrylic coating. Passing air well, they fit snugly against the wall, do not fade in the sun, and have an average level of strength. The acrylic layer can be matte or glossy, embossed or smooth, with a geometric or floral pattern. A variety of textures and a wide range of colors allow the use of acrylic types of wallpaper in the interiors of children's rooms, living rooms, bedrooms and hallways. It is not recommended to paste wallpaper with acrylic coating on unheated rooms (dachas, balconies, loggias), bathrooms and kitchens due to high humidity. Acrylic-coated wallpapers are washable, but it is recommended to clean them gently, without pressure, with a damp cloth. The quality of imported acrylic wallpapers is several times superior to domestic counterparts.
Characteristics of non-woven wallpaper
For tailoring, interlining has been used for quite a long time. It gives density to the fabric, helps to maintain the desired shape and prevents deformation. This non-woven material is made by impregnating compressed paper and fabric fibers with a special binder composition. When tearing wallpaper on a non-woven base, the edge is uneven, fleecy and fibers are visible.
Appeared on the construction market about 10 years ago, non-woven wallpaper quickly gained popularity among master finishers. Their strong base does not deform when wet, and when dried, they do not shrink. This characteristic of non-woven wallpaper allows them to be used in new buildings. When shrinking a new house, microcracks may appear. A durable non-woven base will not tear, and the beautiful coating will retain its original appearance. When working with non-woven wallpaper, only the surface of the walls is smeared with glue. Dry wallpaper is easily and quickly smoothed out on the pasted surface. Such a coating is glued end-to-end, which saves time and physical strength of the master. In addition, interlining is not combustible and flammable. And due to its high breathability, dust does not accumulate in it.
There are two types of non-woven wallpaper:
- Plain non-woven.
- Covered with a layer of paper, PVC or fabric.
The surface on such wallpaper is textured, with a three-dimensional embossed pattern. Most often, wallpaper on a durable non-woven base is used for painting. Their high wear resistance makes it possible to change the paint layer up to 10 times. Sometimes the manufacturer decorates the structural surface with sparkles.
Since interlining is not produced in Russia, the main disadvantage of wallpaper based on it is its high cost. More economical non-woven wallpaper with a two- or three-layer paper coating, impregnated with special agents to increase strength and moisture resistance. Manufacturers obtain the relief of the coating by adding filler between the paper layers and rolling the web under pressure. These wallpapers are breathable and environmentally friendly. Therefore, this type of wallpaper is recommended for bedrooms and for decorating children's rooms.
Technical characteristics of vinyl wallpaper
The method of coating a paper base with polyvinyl chloride was discovered back in the forties of the last century. This technology, implemented in the form of washable wallpaper, reached us no more than 20 years ago. The main characteristic of vinyl wallpaper is moisture resistance, as well as abrasion resistance. A thin layer of vinyl, no more than 1 mm, applied to a paper or non-woven base, gives the wall covering high strength, does not lose color in the sun, and repels moisture.
According to the method of manufacture, appearance and cost, vinyl-coated wallpapers are divided into three groups:
- Paper-based wallpapers breathe, wash well, and do not deform when pasting walls. Recommended for finishing hallways or children's rooms, as the durable top layer is difficult to scratch.
- Non-woven bases are very durable, they are easier to glue, but preliminary surface preparation is necessary. Since the color of the wall appears through light colors, it is recommended either to grout the area to be pasted with a light putty, or to paint the walls after pasting. Non-woven vinyl wallpapers can be brushed with detergents, so they can be used in kitchen decoration.
- Silk-screen printing vinyl coating is called for the shine that appears in the process of hot stamping of polyvinyl chloride with the addition of silk fibers. This type of wallpaper is used in the interiors of living rooms, sometimes in hallways and bedrooms. The matte sheen of the elegant coating visually expands the room with a small area. Having a flat smooth surface, flat vinyl, silkscreen or satin finish does not hide wall defects and requires careful preliminary leveling of the surface.
The vinyl layer on the wallpaper can be smooth or with a three-dimensional pattern. A pronounced embossed pattern increases the thickness of the wallpaper and helps to hide some wall irregularities when pasting. It is easy to work with such wallpapers, since the foamed vinyl does not affect the weight of this type of wallpaper. Their characteristics allow the use of vinyl wallpaper when pasting ceilings.
A significant disadvantage of vinyl wallpaper is their airtightness. Because of this quality, condensation may accumulate on the pasted surface of the wall. Some manufacturers use micropores to increase the breathability of the vinyl coating and indicate its coefficient on the packaging.
For each type of vinyl wallpaper, manufacturers recommend a certain adhesive composition, which is indicated on the label of each roll. On sale there are ten-meter rolls with a width of 53, 70 and 105 cm, so the price of vinyl wallpaper is usually calculated per square meter.
The beauty and originality of fabric wallpaper
One of the most expensive types of finishing materials are elegant fabric (textile) wallpapers. Paper or interlining is used as the basis. The original woven or woven coating is obtained by gluing linen, viscose, jute, silk, polyester, cotton to the base.
According to the production methods, textile wallpapers are divided into several types:
- Filament wallpaper is obtained by gluing parallel fabric fibers onto the base. Usually they are plain, textured and pleasant to the touch.
- Jacquard wallpaper got its name for the use of a special patterned weave of threads on a jacquard loom. On such canvases there is a large clear textured pattern.
- Wavy surface boucle resembles a karakul.
- Requiring special treatment velor wallpaper obtained by spraying short fabric fibers. The pattern applied with glue to the surface is electrostatically coated with velor coating.
Most fabric wallpapers are very capricious, quickly fade in sunlight, accumulate dirt and are only cleaned with a vacuum cleaner. However, modern technologies provide manufacturers with the opportunity to use special protective impregnations that increase the wear resistance of fabric fibers and moisture resistance.
The technique of pasting the room with textile wallpaper depends on the basis of the roll and requires the obligatory alignment of the surface of the walls. Non-woven wallpaper is attached dry to a surface smeared with glue. The paper base is smeared with glue and after a few minutes it is glued to the wall. And also fabric wallpaper can be stretched parallel to the wall, that is, they can drape a room with them. Thanks to the drapery, the room looks chic and very impressive.
A special type of fabric wallpaper is a seamless wallpaper. Their width of 2 m 70 cm is approximately equal to the height of the room. With seamless gluing, trims are removed from windows and doors and the entire perimeter of the room is pasted over with one inconspicuous seam. Then the openings are carefully cut out, and the platbands are returned to their place.
Textile wallpapers are produced in standard ten-meter rolls with a width of 70-80 cm. Some expensive samples have a width of 105-120 cm and are sold by running meters.
Advantages and characteristics of liquid wallpaper
Some professionals call liquid wallpaper finishing putty, since it is not produced in rolls, but in the form of a dry powder. This mixture contains a binder adhesive component, cellulose and coloring additives. Sometimes cotton or silk fibers are added to the composition, and even mother-of-pearl and thin gold threads. This type of wallpaper for walls is characterized as fireproof, environmentally friendly, antistatic and very original. Under liquid wallpaper, there is no need to level the wall surface and close up cracks, since the diluted mixture will hide minor wall defects and close the gaps near the window and door trim. A variety of shades of liquid wallpaper satisfies the request of each customer and allows you to embody any original design ideas. With the application of liquid wallpaper on the wall, you can handle it yourself, even without building skills. And the microporous structure allows them to be applied to surfaces made of wood, concrete, brick, gypsum and used in unheated rooms.
Fiberglass, photo wallpaper, cork and other types of wallpaper for walls and their characteristics
The most durable and durable finishing material for painting is fiberglass wallpaper, which is painted 15-20 times and lasts up to 30 years. A small variety of textures and an office look after painting, the mandatory use of protective clothing and a respirator during work, as well as a strict selection of glue and paint coatings make glass wall coverings not a very popular wall covering.
Lovers of naturalness and environmental friendliness choose wallpaper with a top layer of cork or bamboo strips. Such coatings do not absorb odors, are easy to clean and create a unique atmosphere of unity with nature.
Wall murals based on paper or non-woven fabric usually complement the stylistic design of the photo room with a plot or other image that matches the design.
How to make the right choice?
When choosing a wall covering, you should not think about which wallpaper is the best. All types of wall coverings are very different. Examine the characteristics of the wallpaper and see the photos of the rooms presented on the Web. In this case, it will not be difficult for you to choose the type of wallpaper.
To choose the right wallpaper for pasting walls, you need to pay attention to several factors:
- What room needs to be covered.
- What funds are allocated for the purchase of wallpaper.
- Moisture resistance, sound insulation, breathability and other characteristics of wallpaper, their appearance and quality of the outer layer of the coating.
- The lifespan of the selected wallpaper.
- Correspondence of the texture, color and pattern of the selected type of wallpaper to the interior of the room.
It is also important to decide whether to involve qualified craftsmen in the finishing work or to paste over the walls yourself.
Speaking today about what wallpapers are, we recall luxurious designer coatings or paper materials with a simple print. And we don’t think at all about what the very first wallpapers were and who invented them. It is worth filling the gap in knowledge and rewinding the film of history a little.
Here are the cavemen - of course, they did not know the wallpaper, but they tried to decorate the walls of their dwellings using the skin and rock art. For several thousand years, it was these “interior ideas” that were considered the best - until the first wallpaper appeared.
How did the wallpaper on a woven basis
A thousand years before the advent of our era, the first fabric wallpapers appeared. It is believed that the birthplace of this material is Assyria and Babylon. The coatings of that time could only be called wallpaper conditionally - they were canvases made of coarse threads with primitive black and white patterns.
And only in the 11th century AD, it was already invented to decorate the walls with colored canvases, decorated with elaborate ornaments and biblical scenes. Wallpaper production technologies developed extremely slowly - only two centuries after the appearance of the first samples of textile coatings, it was decided to organize factory production. And then - the wallpaper was literally woven on certain artistic canvases and made only to order.
Textile wallpaper in a modern interior
For example, at the beginning of the 16th century in Flanders, wallpaper was woven on the canvases of Raphael, which he specially prepared to decorate the Sistine Chapel. The Dutch artist Bernhard Van Oley was responsible for the "production process". Fabric wall decorations were fabulously expensive, and soon they found an alternative method of production - the artist of the Flemish school of painting Van Eyck will offer not to weave a patterned canvas, but to paint ready-made matter. It was this invention that initiated the process of producing "printed" wallpapers.
Soon the European market was conquered, and after another 100 years, Peter the Great paid attention to the wallpaper and ordered to urgently introduce "innovation". In 1716, they founded the "Russian Tapestry Manufactory", where at first they invited craftsmen from France. But in just 6 years, the production of wallpaper in Russia was fully established, and it was already supervised by local craftsmen.
The history of the appearance of paper wallpaper
The history of paper wallpapers began in China, during the reign of Emperor Hoti. At this time, the Chinese invented paper (it was made from thread and bark). Walls were pasted over with paper sheets, and pictures and hieroglyphs were painted on them. The secret of making paper was guarded by the Chinese for six centuries - it was impossible to buy or learn it by cunning.
The world learned about how to make paper only in the seventh century - several military defeats of the Chinese forced them to reveal the secret, first to the Japanese, and then to the Arabs. And the Arabs sold the technology to Andalusia, and the first paper mills started operating in Spain.
As for the "original" Chinese wallpapers, they were first imported by the British. And enterprising wallpaper manufacturers from Foggy Albion for a long time did not yield to anyone. But the coatings were still too expensive - it was all about how the wallpaper was made: paper was printed first, and then it was hand-painted using specially made stencils.
And in the 17th century, a subject of the English crown, Tsaner, came up with new types of wallpaper for walls - paper, imitating fabric. It was the so-called "fake silk". To obtain it, the paper was primed and the surface was sprinkled with scraps of silk threads. It turned out "noble matter" - similar samples adorned the Louvre and the Richelieu castle.
Paper wallpaper in the interior of a French castle
Tsaner also suggested printing the design on the surface using a wooden stamp covered with paint. However, it can hardly be called his personal invention - the Chinese learned to stamp drawings on wallpaper back in the 10th century.
The first guild of upholsterers appeared in France at the beginning of the 17th century. But then they didn’t even think about the mass production of rolls - the material was produced in pieces and was not glued to the wall, but was attached to a wooden frame. Popular drawings in those days were the textures of plaster and brick, imitation of architectural elements. And in the 18th century, pastoral motifs with shepherdesses and landscapes won the palm. After that, the era of flora and natural stone began - floral ornaments became the most popular, and malachite, lapis lazuli, and marble were especially popular among imitations.
Modern technologies, vinyl and interlining
Technical possibilities for the production of wallpaper in rolls appeared only in the 17th century - at first, the engraver from France, Papillon, came up with matrices for continuous printing of a pattern, then (again in France) a machine for making rolls appeared. And only in 1839 a printer from England, Preston, installed cylindrical rollers in a printing machine - the prototype of modern printing presses learned.
And the history of vinyl and non-woven coatings belongs to the 20th century. Thus, the commercial use of vinyl began after 1933, when the product was patented by the B. F. Goodrich Company. And the first vinyl wallpaper appeared in the USA in 1947 - initially it was a dense "polyethylene" coating, and today the vinyl layer is microporous.
Non-woven wallpaper in a modern interior
And interlining or canvas made of cellulose fibers began to be produced in Germany - there was even the Vliseline trademark of Freudenberg Vliesstoffe KG, which at first specialized in the production of non-woven material for workwear.
The topmost layer of wallpaper is called coated, it is from this layer that the appearance of the wallpaper depends. There are five main coatings: paper, vinyl, acrylic, textile and cork. The most popular are the first two types, namely paper and vinyl wallpaper. What is the best wallpaper? Their advantages and disadvantages. And what type of coverage do you prefer?
Appeared paper wallpaper for walls in East Asia. In Europe, they became widespread in the 18th century, and for many years they have been the most popular for wall gluing. They are called the founders of all types of wallpaper and even classics in wall decoration. They allow you to give the necessary flavor to the room and create a certain style.
Paper wallpapers are single layer (simplex) and two-layer (duplex) . Duplex have an additional coating, which has a protective function from external factors. Single-layer paper wallpapers have recently been in less demand, they are not sufficiently resistant to temperature and humidity changes, exposure to the sun and have a short service life. Duplex - more in demand and wear-resistant.
Today, not only smooth, but also structural (embossed, corrugated) wallpapers for paper walls are produced.
Structural paper wallpaper
are obtained due to different technologies for applying paint to paper, due to which a different visual effect of the texture is achieved. Thanks to this structure of duplex wallpaper, an embossing effect is achieved. This effect is widely used by factories in different countries in the production of designer paper wallpapers.
+Advantages of paper wallpaper. Of course, the main advantages of such wallpapers are environmental friendliness and breathability. Due to its natural origin, paper wallpapers are recommended for use in the bedroom and nursery. Paper passes air well, mold or fungus will never start under such wallpaper. The "pluses" of paper-coated wallpaper can also be attributed to the relative cheapness.
—Disadvantages of paper wallpaper. Paper wallpapers are not suitable for rooms with high humidity and frequent temperature changes (kitchens, bathrooms), as well as for hallways where splashes and dirt from shoes can get on the walls. The paper is not moisture resistant and cannot be cleaned without damaging the wallpaper, so this wall decoration is unacceptable for the above premises. Only some wallpapers treated with a special composition can be wiped with a damp cloth. Paper-coated wallpaper has a shorter lifespan than vinyl-coated wallpaper.
may have a paper or non-woven base, on which the characteristics of the wallpaper as a whole depend to a greater extent. The vinyl covering gives the chance to reproduce any drawings and reliefs, to imitate various patterns. There are four types of vinyl coverings: hard vinyl, smooth vinyl, foam vinyl, and silkscreen. The first two are flat relief and high density, foamed vinyl has a convex texture and relatively low density, and silk-screen printing is similar to textiles and is produced by hot stamping.
Vinyl wallpapers are two-layer coating
. A PVC coating is applied to the fabric or paper layer, after which a pattern or embossing is applied. PVC protects the wallpaper from penetration into the layers of moisture, excessive light, and partly from mechanical damage. In addition, such coatings are impregnated with compounds that prevent the formation of mold, plaque and fungi. Affordable price and wide range of applications make vinyl wallpaper one of the most popular wall wallpapers on the market.
The use of special micropores made it possible to eliminate one important drawback of such coatings and make them completely breathable . These micropores, on the one hand, do not allow moisture to penetrate under the wallpaper when they are washed, and on the other hand, they do not prevent the evaporation of condensate from under the coating. As a result of these processes, a normal microclimate is ensured in the room, the walls of which are covered with vinyl wallpaper. This type of coating is suitable for well-ventilated areas - for the living room, kitchen or hallway.
+ Benefits of vinyl wallpaper. Vinyl wallpapers have a long service life - from 10 to 20 years of operation. They are easy to care for: sometimes it is enough to wipe the walls with a damp sponge. The main advantages of vinyl wallpaper: moisture resistance and ease of washing; a wide variety of designs and textures; beauty and unpretentiousness during operation; resistance to mechanical stress; burnout resistance. This type of wallpaper is ideal for the kitchen, bathroom or hallway.
- Disadvantages of vinyl wallpaper. Being a synthetic polymer, vinyl, like other similar materials, emits harmful substances: formaldehydes, DOP, DBP. Even if the packaging indicates that vinyl wallpapers meet sanitary and hygienic requirements, it is better to refuse to use them in children's rooms and bedrooms. In other residential areas, they should be used subject to constant and frequent ventilation. If vinyl wallpaper does not have special micropores, mold and fungus can develop under such wallpaper due to poor breathability.
Despite rapidly emerging innovations in finishing, paper wallpaper for walls still retain a very high and, most importantly, persistent demand in the market. And this is understandable. The main advantage of this type of wallpaper is their cheapness. But besides this, the fashion for environmental friendliness also played an important role in the "reincarnation" of paper wallpapers. And as a result, paper wallpaper, quickly attracted adherents of total environmental friendliness in their housing to their side. It is paper that will be the best choice for the nursery and bedroom.
As for the premises in which there is a constant risk of mechanical damage (in pantries), high humidity (bathroom), the need for constant cleaning (kitchen and hallway) - here it will become much more appropriate vinyl coated wallpaper. Choose wallpaper with micropores that provide breathability, do not forget to ventilate these rooms - and vinyl wallpaper can last the manufacturers claimed 20 years without fading, plaque or fungus.
Vinyl and paper wallpaper in the interior:
At all times, people tried to decorate their homes. They decorated almost everything that could be decorated: walls, ceilings, floors, windows. Various materials were used for this. In ancient times, the skins of animals obtained by hunting were hung on the walls, laid on the floor. Later, with the advent of various fabrics, the walls began to be decorated with drapery. Most often, they finished the walls in the mansions of the nobility, the palaces of kings. And only from the middle of the eighteenth century, when paper appeared, did they think of sticking it on walls and ceilings.
Currently, for the decoration of walls and ceilings, wallpapers made of different materials are mainly used.
But have you ever wondered how and when wallpaper appeared?
So, wallpaper on a woven basis.
A very long time ago, 1000 years before our era, woven wallpaper appeared. It turns out that they were invented by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians. However, for a long time the wallpapers were black and white, they acquired color only at the end of the 11th century AD.
During the distant Middle Ages, tapestries were the prototype of modern wallpaper, which were huge panels of fabric depicting ancient battles and historical events. As a rule, tapestries occupied the entire wall from ceiling to floor. They were quite expensive, because they were made of high quality dense fabric. And they were available only to the richest strata of society. But it was fashionable to decorate a dwelling, so they began to paste over the walls with inexpensive fabrics with various patterns, the same as on tapestries. Very often, fabric sheets were attached to the walls with special brackets, and not glued. Gradually woven wallpaper became thinner and more elegant. Images of scenes from the Bible, various plants and animals appeared on them.
Like everything useful, wallpaper production gradually moved to Europe. There were several factories that make wallpaper to order. The best artists took part in the creation of wallpaper fabrics. But such wallpapers were quite expensive, and therefore it became necessary to look for ways to reduce production costs.
The artist of the Flemish school, John van Eyck, proposed drawing on the finished fabric, which is much easier and cheaper. This discovery marked the beginning of a new era in the production of printed wallpapers, significantly reducing their cost and allowing them to conquer the market in many countries. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, England and France began to produce wallpaper in an industrial way. It was in England that the first machine for the production of fabric wallpapers was invented. This also helped to reduce the cost of wallpaper.
But how did paper wallpapers appear?
Many useful discoveries came to us from ancient China: silk and compass, porcelain and paper, which appeared at the beginning of the second century AD. Apparently, the Chinese began to decorate the walls with paper immediately after its invention. In some sources, you can find confirmation of how the rooms were divided by hanging them with thick paper. For more than five hundred years, the wise Chinese have kept the process of making rice paper a closely guarded secret. And only in the 6th century the Japanese brought out their technology for making wallpaper.
Later, only in the 8th century, the manufacture of wallpaper migrated to Europe. Having managed to get used to the beauty and durability of woven wallpapers, people wanted paper ones to have the same excellent quality. However, the manufacturing methods did not allow this to be achieved. In addition, the wallpaper had to be painted by hand, which significantly increased their cost. But the inventive Englishman Tsaner proposed an original way of making wallpaper that looks like matter. Trimmings of silk threads were poured onto pre-primed paper, which, after drying, were firmly glued to the paper.
Much later, in the 14th century, another method of drawing a pattern on paper appeared: a layer of paint was applied to a printing plate made of wood, paper was carefully applied to it and rolled with a roller.
Drawn wallpapers from China have always been highly valued, regardless of the variety and vagaries of fashion. In Europe, England has long been considered the recognized leader in the production of paper wallpapers: for several centuries they were produced according to Chinese technology, and even copied "Chinese" drawings.
Currently, in the manufacture of wallpaper using different modern technologies, a variety of materials. At the same time, the scope of this "invention" remains unchanged - to decorate our interior, to make the house more beautiful and comfortable.
When you start to make repairs, the question of choosing wallpaper for wall decor inevitably arises. There are currently a large number types and types of wallpaper. How to figure out what type of wallpaper will suit your style, create comfort and not harm you and your family and friends? Let's consider.
The founder and progenitor of all types of wallpaper are paper wallpaper. The most popular and most requested. They are divided into two types: single layer(simplex) and two-layer(duplex). Due to the additional coating, two-layer ones have a longer service life than single-layer ones, which are attached to external factors: the sun, moisture, etc. The advantage of paper wallpapers is their low price, large assortment and ease of sticking. To calculate the number of wallpaper rolls, you can use the wallpaper calculator.
There are the following types of wallpaper:
Unlike paper, flesiline wallpapers are more durable. They are not afraid of water, they allow air to pass through, but they have a limited choice in pattern combinations; most often, non-woven wallpaper is used for painting. They keep their shape perfectly and hide visible cracks. The basis of the wallpaper is actually the same paper only with the addition of fabric fibers. They have one drawback - this is a high price.
The texture of vinyl wallpaper can be smooth, embossed or silk-screened (picture). The presence of special micropores that do not allow the penetration of moisture, and on the reverse side do not prevent its evaporation, a normal microclimate is provided in the room. This type of coverage is well suited for the hallway, kitchen or living room.
Acrylic wallpaper. Unfortunately, due to the fact that acrylic is applied to the wallpaper in a thin dotted layer, such wallpapers have less durability. But thanks to the point method of applying acrylic, the wallpaper can "breathe". Such wallpapers can be used in children's rooms, because they can be washed and are protected from mechanical damage.
Acrylic wallpaper.
Very beautiful, made only from natural materials: veneer, bamboo, straw, jute, reed, algae. They can have both paper and non-woven base. A special coating protects the front layer from dust. Such majestic and environmentally friendly wallpapers are used for gluing halls or bedrooms. They are afraid of moisture and mechanical external damage, for example, if there is a cat in the house, it can easily render expensive wallpapers unusable.
They will make each room sophisticated and unique. The base, as in natural ones, can be flesiline or paper. From above, fibers of flax, jute, velor, silk, viscose are applied. They can be embossed and smooth, depending on what the outer layer is made of.
The uniqueness of the choice of such wallpaper is its pattern. The picture can be made absolutely for a variety of motives. Mostly use a self-adhesive base.
In simple terms, this is a type of decorative plaster. Cellulose is used as the basis for the production of these liquid wallpapers. To give decorativeness, dyes, sparkles, natural fibers are added to the composition. The absence of seams and joints gives the appearance of the interior the integrity of the composition. In addition, they have a high level of sound insulation.
The basis of glass fiber is glass fiber. They have great strength. Manufacturers of such wallpapers guarantee wear resistance for about 30 years. They are glued mainly in office premises or in new buildings, because they do not shrink. Painted with latex or water based paints. Pleasant to the touch. Environmentally friendly material does not create an environment for mold and other pests. But there is a slight minus - this is the minimum amount of pattern selection.
If you are a lover of high-tech style, then these wallpapers will fit perfectly into your interior. Create beautiful reflections in sunlight and artificial lighting. They have good sound insulation and are easy to clean. The main layer of wallpaper is porous paper, and the top very thin layer is occupied by aluminum foil. The foil is coated with non-conductive paint. Due to their useful properties to shield radiation from electrical appliances located behind the wall, they have a fairly high cost.
A huge range of wallpapers in combinations of colors and textures makes it possible to make an individual choice for everyone who started the repair. And if you decide to use two types of wallpaper, you will only benefit from this, but you must adhere to a certain algorithm for combining them. Paper wallpapers can be combined with vinyl, textile wallpapers with photo wallpapers, i.e. a couple will find wallpapers similar in texture. There are a large number wallpaper combinations:
- Bulk inserts;
- Wallpaper insert method;
- Horizontal combination;
- Vertical combination;
- Niche design;
- "Patchwork" combination.
Each of these ideas will create a visual effect, decorate the interior, and emphasize the dignity of the entire room.
