Ensuring comfort and quality of life in a country house is an important point for any owner of such a building. One of the factors that make it possible to ensure a comfortable life is the convenience of the outflow of used water and waste products. Properly calculated at the design stage and subsequently properly built sewage in a private house will be the key to long-term operation, in which there will be no problems. You can create a similar design with your own hands, if you approach the issue with maximum responsibility.

Primary requirements

In order to avoid any problems in the process of creating a sewerage system in your own home, it is best to follow as much as possible in this process all the requirements and standards that are described in the regulatory documentation - SNiP. In this case, everything will definitely function flawlessly for a long period of time.

In any building where a water pipe is laid and there is a water intake, a system must be made that will remove the runoff masses. Mechanisms for drainage should also be created at the sites. In general, such a network can not only provide a comfortable life, but also do not harm the environment, and will also significantly increase the time of using the building.

Typically, sewerage consists of the following systems:

• storm, which diverts water;
• outdoor;
• internal.

They must be laid in such a way that various building sanitation requirements for sewerage in your own home are met.

Among these requirements are:

• ensuring normal cleansing;
• no risk of flooding the building;
• ensuring the required volume of wastewater;
• tight accumulation and transportation of sewage.

If we talk about the requirements for internal systems of this type, then they should consist of the following elements:

• a riser to which all pipes are attached;
• dilution of pipes, which pumps wastewater in the direction of the riser;
• plumbing fixtures for drainage.

According to the norms, in the mechanism, part of which is located in the building, there must be enough space for the free transportation of liquid from the places where the drain is carried out to the pipes that lead out of the building. When laying sewers inside the building, pipes made of cast iron or some kind of polymers are used. At the outlet, the size of such a pipe should be 11 centimeters. Naturally, in this mechanism there must also be ventilation. Usually it is carried out through the riser. Above each element, an exhaust space is made that overlooks the roof.

If we talk about the project of external systems, then its creation is carried out taking into account the requirements prescribed in SNiP number 2.04.03-85.

The following points should be taken into account in this document:

• wells for maintenance and cleaning should be installed in the mechanism;
• to clean up effluents, an installation using biomethods is needed;
• if we are talking about a gravity network, then polymer, ceramic or asbestos-cement pipes are used;
• pipes that are located outside the boundaries of the building should be about fifteen centimeters in diameter and laid at the level of ten to twelve centimeters;
• if there are few floors in the building, then several houses can be combined into a single network;
• if it is impossible to arrange a gravity system, then it is better to opt for a pressure sewer.

Another important point is the choice of design. This is really important when designing an autonomous sewer network.

There can be three options for septic tanks that are used:

• aeration tanks;
• storage septic tank;
• treatment.

Now let's talk about them a little more. Aerotanks are the latest solutions using several cleaning methods. After using such a septic tank, the liquid is cleared to almost 100 percent. Water can be easily drained into the ground, a reservoir and used for irrigation. The storage category septic tank is an improved version of the cesspool, in which cleaning is not carried out, but only drains are collected. When the septic tank is filled to a certain level, it becomes necessary to clean it. This is usually done with the help of special sewage equipment.

If we talk about the differences from the cesspool, then no filtration into the soil in this case is carried out. This means that no harm is done to the environment. But still, this type of septic tank has been used extremely infrequently in recent years due to the high cost of the cost of services of special sewage equipment. This type can be used only if you live in the house relatively infrequently.

Treatment septic tanks are used not only for accumulation, but also for the purification of sewage. As a rule, at first, the effluents in them are settled, after which decomposition occurs at the biological level with the help of special bacteria - anaerobic and aerobic, which are specially added to the ground for this purpose.

Their use allows you to purify the water by about 65 percent, after which it goes into the ground, where it is further purified.

For this reason, the best types of soil for this category of septic tanks will be sandy and sandy loam. If the earth is clay, then it is better to use another septic tank, although this option is not prohibited in this case. It’s just that then the installation of a septic tank will turn out to be too expensive, since there will still be the necessary special installation to create filtration fields.

Kinds

In your own home, sewage can be of several types and is classified according to various criteria.

There are usually three of these criteria:

• the location of the sewer;
• the purposes for which it will be used;
• difference in the type of waste that will be collected.

If we take the first two criteria, then the system under consideration is as follows.

• outdoor. It is a complex for receiving wastewater from buildings and other facilities and transporting them to special treatment facilities or a place of discharge into a centralized sewerage intake. Typically, this includes pipelines, as well as wells of a rotary and revision type.
• Internal. Such a sewerage system collects wastewater inside the house thanks to special water intake devices and pipeline systems, after which it transports them along the main line to a special external sewerage complex.
• Cleaning waste. Before wastewater is discharged into the ground or a reservoir, it must be cleaned thanks to a special four-stage system, which consists of several levels (physical-chemical, disinfection, mechanical, biological).

If we take the criterion of collected effluents, then sewage is next.

• Domestic. It can also be called household or household fecal. It is usually referred to as K1. This type of sewage includes the whole complex of devices that are connected to various plumbing fixtures. This includes trays, drains, siphons, funnels, as well as a network of various pipelines, which consist of pipes of different sizes, fasteners and fittings.
• Industrial or industrial. Usually in the schemes, its designation goes under the abbreviation K3. This type of sewerage is intended to divert water, which is used in some kind of technological process. This type of sewerage is not used in their own homes, but it is impossible not to say about it.
• Stormy or rainy. This type is usually referred to as K2. Such a system is a whole set of downpipes, gutters, sand traps, storm water inlets, funnels, and so on. Usually, most of such a mechanism is laid in the open, but pipelines under the foundation can also be used to transport rainwater somewhere outside the site.

It should also be noted that sewerage in a private house can be of two types:

• autonomous;
• centralized.

The type chosen will depend on where exactly the sewage type will be drained - into your own septic tank or into the central line through a collector-type well. If the local sewerage runs close to the house and connection to it will be cheap, then it will be more profitable to connect to it due to the fact that the costs of use in this case will still be lower.

In addition, treatment systems can be different in nature.

These are the following types:

• septic tank:
• dry closet;
• biocleaning with the help of a special unit;
• cesspool.

The septic tank has already been mentioned, and therefore let's talk about other types. A dry closet would be a suitable solution only for a cottage where the owners rarely live. Yes, and he does not solve the issue of drains from the shower and kitchen. Purification using a special station is advantageous due to high performance and a good degree of wastewater treatment. But the costs for this option will be considerable due to the need for energy costs and the high cost of equipment. The cesspool option was the most common not so long ago. But recently, the number of drains has increased significantly, and few cesspools can cope with it. In addition, the risk of land pollution has increased significantly for this reason.

Preparatory work

Each of the above solutions for wastewater treatment plants requires a clear understanding of the device and the purposes for which it will be used. For this reason, before starting sewerage work, the necessary preparations should be made so that the system can really work efficiently after it is built and put into operation.

What should be taken into account?

Before you start creating a sewer, you should calculate everything to the smallest detail. And the first factor that will be extremely important is the choice of a place for installing the system.

Its placement will be influenced by such factors.

• How close are groundwater.
• Relief features of the territory where the sewerage will be located. Here we are talking about the fact that the movement of water is usually carried out by gravity, which means that the slope of the soil will be extremely important.
• The physical structure of the soil.
• Presence or absence of sources of drinking water.
• How much does the soil freeze in winter?

Sandy soil is usually loose, which means that liquid can easily pass through it, which means that there is a possibility of contamination with household waste. Using the simplest solution as an example - a septic tank made of concrete rings or tires, we will consider what needs to be considered. First you need to calculate its volume. We will proceed from the fact that one family member who lives in the house takes two hundred liters of water, which must be settled for three days.

That is, for a family with four members, a septic tank with a volume of just under 2.5 thousand liters will be needed.

In addition to the factors mentioned above, it should be said that the distance to the nearest residential building should be no more than five meters. It should be the same to the neighboring site. If there is a highway nearby, then the distance should be twenty meters. And if there is a reservoir or a water intake point nearby, then the distance should be at least fifty meters. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that if an elevated level of groundwater is observed on the site, then the design must be supplemented with a pump or pump for transporting groundwater to the filter well.

Another factor to consider is the choice of pipe materials.. It is from this factor that the time of using the entire mechanism will depend. If we talk about sewage of an internal type, then pipes made of polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride with a cross section of 11 centimeters are usually used here, and for breeding - with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters. Their cost will be lower than metal pipes, and their service life will be longer.

Connections should usually be made with rubber collars that are sealed with a special silicone-based substance. If we are talking about installing the outer part, then use other orange pipes. They are made in such a color scheme to make it easier to find them in the ground. They are made of especially strong plastic and also have a diameter of 11 centimeters.

Design

As it became clear, any installation and construction work cannot be carried out without the preliminary creation of project documentation. And plumbing is no exception. A sewerage scheme is being formed from a general layout plan for the so-called wet elements. The wiring can be configured in any way, depending on the wishes of the customer.

Here are some important things to keep in mind:

• sewage discharge from the room where the toilet is located should be carried out exclusively using pipes with a cross section of 10-12 centimeters and a length of at least 1 meter;
• under drains from the shower room and kitchen, you can use polyvinyl chloride or five-centimeter-sized polypropylene pipes;
• if the building has two or more floors and there will be more than one toilet, then they should be placed exclusively on top of each other (this rule does not work for a one-story house and you can place it anywhere);
• wiring bends should be made by combining two plastic elbows, the bend of which has an angle of forty-five degrees, which should minimize the risk that the sewer will clog;

• the toilet should be connected directly to the sewer riser at a minimum distance from the pipe;
• other plumbing fixtures should be connected to the sewer network above the place where the toilet is connected in order to exclude the possibility of feces getting into the drainage lines;
• the sewer riser must be taken out to the roof and a fan hood should be installed on it to ensure ventilation of the sewer inside;
• the greatest distance for connecting plumbing-type appliances to the riser should not be more than three meters, and the toilet bowl - a meter.

In addition, other expert advice should be given:

• when creating an internal sewage project, you must first draw up a building scheme on a scale, before that, having carried out all measurements with a tape measure;
• now it is necessary to determine the place of installation of risers;
• conditionally on all floors we mark the location of plumbing fixtures;
• depict the location of the pipes on the graph;
• determine the dimensions of the riser and the fan pipe based on the number of devices;
• we find the exit point of the sewer from the building;
• sum up the length of all pipes and carry out the calculation of shaped elements;
• now we draw a conclusion and draw up a sewerage scheme.

Mounting

So, now let's move on to the direct installation of sewage in our own home and find out how to properly carry it out. Laying the sewer after the project has been made and calculated, should start with the installation of a septic tank. To do this, you need to dig a pit somewhere three meters deep. In advance, it is necessary to calculate the volume of the septic tank, taking into account the number of people living in the apartment. You can make a pit yourself, but to speed up the process it will not be superfluous to involve special equipment. A sand cushion is made at the bottom of the pit. Its thickness should be at least fifteen centimeters.

Now we create a formwork structure from boards or chipboard, which must immediately be reinforced with a special reinforcing belt. You can make such a belt from rods made of metal. To tie up such rods for greater confidence, you can use steel wire. Now we make a couple of holes in the formwork and install pipe trims in them. These segments will become the entry points for the system highway and the overflow pipe that connects the sections of the septic tank.

Now the entire formwork structure should be concreted. A vibrating tool is used to evenly distribute the solution. Note that this design must be monolithic, which is why it is usually poured once. It should also be cited as an example if a two-chamber septic tank is required. First, the bottom of the first compartment is formed by pouring concrete. As a result, we get a sealed structure where the waste will settle. It is in this part that solid large waste fractions will settle below. But in the second part, a slightly purified liquid will accumulate.

Due to the presence of a pipe that connects both compartments, it will go to the adjacent chamber.

There is no need to make a bottom in the second compartment due to the fact that the section is made on the basis of monolithic walls. You can also use concrete rings for this, which will simply be stacked one on top of the other. At the bottom we make a thick layer of sedimentary rocks. It will filter drains. You can use gravel, pebbles or crushed stone. Between the parts we install an overflow pipe. It is located somewhere at the level of the upper third of the wells. Note that usually summer residents use a two-section septic tank when carrying out the sewerage installation process. Although, if desired, there may be more compartments, which will provide higher quality cleaning.

It is also easy to make a ceiling for a septic tank yourself. This requires concrete and formwork construction. Or you can take a reinforced concrete slab. In this part, a special inspection hatch must be made. It will allow you to control the hood, as well as filling the sections. After all this, when the installation is completed, it is required to fill the pit with sand or earth. It is necessary to clean the sump somewhere every two to three years.

The next step will be laying the highway. It will be carried out from the septic tank to the area where the sewer pipe comes out of the foundation. Note that the pipeline must go as if on a slope so that the waste water can flow down. It is important that the larger the size of the pipes used, the smaller the inclined angle will be necessary for the high-quality operation of the line. But the average is about two degrees.

Note that the sewer should be laid lower than the freezing level of the ground. Usually we are talking about an indicator of one meter, but sometimes an indicator of 70 centimeters will be enough. Although if the region is cold, then the level should be increased to one and a half meters. Before laying the pipes at the bottom of the trench, a dense sand cushion should be created, compacting it well. This will allow for reliable pipe fixation and prevent the line from collapsing during seasonal soil displacement.

If we talk about the most correct scheme, then for giving the best solution would be to lay a direct line from the building to the collector. If necessary, you can make a turn and install a well for inspection in this place. You can use cast-iron or plastic pipes intended for the external type of sewage. At the joints, everything should be done as tightly as possible. When everything is ready, the trench is covered with sand, and only then soil is laid on it.

Corrugated pipes are used to connect the inside to the outside. This makes it possible to ensure reliability during ground movements.

To lay pipes in a building, we will need:

• sharper knife;
• saw for working with plastic;
• rubber seal kits.

First we need to prepare the shaped elements.

These are the following elements:

• transition sleeves that can provide a transition between pipes of different sizes;
• connection fittings for three or four holes, which allow you to make a pipeline branching;
• transitional branches necessary for the formation of transitions between pipes with the same size;
• bends that form angles, they can be 45 or 90 degrees.

In general, sewer installation in your own home will not be difficult if everything is calculated correctly. First, vertical risers are installed in the required quantity. Usually they are installed from the basement to the roof, so that the whole structure can be successfully combined with the ventilation shaft. The place for installation is usually selected closer to the toilets, which should be located no further than a meter from the riser. If the toilets are located, say, one below the other, and the house is small in size, then one riser for such a building will be quite enough.

Note that the farthest plumbing fixture should not be further from the riser than five meters.

Now the pipes are connected to the riser. First, the toilet pipes are connected, which should be lower than all the others. After that, the side branches are connected. Sometimes a large number of plumbing fixtures can be attached to the supply. It should be said that the thickness of the supply pipe should be taken with the calculation of the overall performance. The last step will be to connect the devices in question using siphons. Then everything will depend on the selected category of waste disposal, the properties of the land, as well as how groundwater behaves. Therefore, for each case, everything will be individual.

It will also not be superfluous to give an example of creating a country sewerage mechanism without pumping. Summer residents are looking at such systems more and more often, and therefore it will not be superfluous to explain how to make them. Note that such systems are represented by a two or three-chamber septic tank, which will be active at the same time. If the mechanism has two tanks, the sump will occupy three quarters of the structure, and for three-chamber ones - one second. In the first part, the sedimentation of heavy substances is carried out. As it fills, the liquid also enters another compartment, where the light parts are separated. In the third part, the water is completely cleaned of dirt and enters a well for drainage or a filtration field. It is important that both containers are airtight.

This type of system requires pumping, but not as clean as when using a simple septic tank. This is done using a drainage or fecal sewer pump, the cost of which will depend on various factors. Similar equipment will be used to remove the sediment that accumulates in the sump. It should be noted that the frequency of this procedure will be affected by both the composition of the waste type and the size of the reservoir. The structure will be subject to cleaning when the height of the sludge reaches the overflow level. Then it will need to be pumped out.

For six months, somewhere around 70-80 liters of sediment usually accumulate in the tank.

Standards for the location of sewer outlets for different plumbing fixtures

Any sewer can be designed in such a way that all plumbing fixtures that are connected to it have a minimum number of different intermediate elements, which will only complicate the arrangement of the mechanism and significantly reduce its reliability. The ideal solution is when the siphon coming after the plumbing fixture is immediately connected with a smooth pipe with a previously installed sewer socket. For implementation, it will not be superfluous to know exactly where the plumbing equipment will be located even before the creation of the project. And it would be even better to know which plumbing fixture will be installed in a given place.

At the same time, for different categories of plumbing equipment, there are features that make it possible to simplify the sewer connection. It and the placement of various plumbing fixtures will be seriously influenced by factors such as the level of the clean type floor. Indeed, in relation to this parameter, the height of the equipment and sewer sockets and the location of the water sockets are being set. This parameter should be known in advance, which is why the installation of sewage pipelines can be carried out even before the floor screed is poured and a finish type coating is applied.

Now let's say a little more about the plumbing standards related to the system for certain devices.

• The height of the siphon connection to the sewer socket for the washbasin should be at the level of 53-55 centimeters from the level of the clean floor. Its center should be directly in the center of the washbasin. To create a connection, you can use sewer pipes with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters.
• The center of the socket should be at the level of 22-24 centimeters, if we are talking about a wall-hung toilet.
• In the case of a sink, this figure is 30-45 centimeters right in the center of the sink.
• If a garbage grinder is built into the sink, then the bell center should be at a height of 30-40 centimeters, but shifted to any side.
• For an attached toilet, this figure will be somewhere around 18-19 centimeters.
• For washing machines and dishwashers, the connection of the drain hoses will be at a height of 60-70 centimeters.
• For bathtubs, as well as shower cabins with a tray, it is necessary that the bell-shaped center of the sewer pipe with a diameter of 5 centimeters be at a distance of no more than 6 centimeters from the level of the finished floor. If this is not possible, then the installation should be carried out on a stand. Although there are a number of bath models, the connection of which is carried out at the level of 8-10, or even 13 centimeters.

These recommendations work almost always, as manufacturers of such goods try to comply with generally accepted standards, which, by the way, are not legally prescribed anywhere. But in reality, anything can happen, so the actual presence of equipment that will be installed in a predetermined place will be a big plus.

Possible problems and solutions

It should be said that quite often, even without violations during installation, there are problems in the sewerage system in your own home.

The most common troubles are as follows.

• The sewer smells bad. To eliminate the appearance of unpleasant odors, toilets and sinks are attached to the mechanism using u-shaped siphons, where there is always a little water. A barrier of this type does not allow unpleasant odors to pass through.

• blockage. It often happens that the system is clogged, even if the installation was carried out according to all the necessary rules. For this reason, risers on all floors should be equipped with special fittings so that there is no need to disassemble the system until the plug is removed.
• Freezing sewers. This is another problem that comes up frequently. The reason is that many simply lay sewers above the freezing level of the soil. It should be said that this problem should not be ignored due to the fact that sooner or later the pipe may simply burst and then it will need to be replaced and repaired.
• Mismatch between different elements. To avoid such a situation, installation should begin with the installation of an outlet-node connecting the riser to the pipe, which is suitable for the septic tank. The outlet is a metal sleeve with pipe trim. Its diameter must be larger than the size of the riser pipes. Usually we are talking about the figure of 13-15 centimeters. And the sleeve should crawl out of the foundation by 12-16 centimeters.

To prevent the above and other problems from appearing, the following principles should be followed during the installation of such a system:

• if the pipes have different diameters, then they must be joined using special adapters;
• using oblique type tees, you can connect risers and pipes;
• the toilet should be located as close as possible to the main riser;
• installation of external sewerage should be carried out exclusively in the warm season;
• as you approach the riser, the pipe size should become larger, not smaller;
• where the kitchen and bathroom pipes intersect, a collector should be placed.

In order for the sewer mechanism in your own home to always work efficiently and efficiently, and also function well, experts recommend following a few simple rules. The first thing to do is to constantly flush the pipelines of the external and internal type with plenty of hot water. The second tip is that in plumbing fixtures, especially in the bathroom and in the kitchen, it is required to use garbage nets to prevent hair, dirt, and various insoluble substances from entering the drain.

Another important recommendation of specialists is to pump out various sedimentary masses from the septic tank at the right time, otherwise they may cause a breakdown of the entire system. Another tip from the experts is to not allow waste grease to go down the drain. Especially when it comes to animal fats, which settle on the pipe walls and can cause clogging of the pipe.

When purchasing components and pipes, experts recommend checking whether a rubber lining is present in the socket, as it is constantly lost by many people. Under no circumstances should a vent pipe be connected to the ventilation mechanism. According to experts, when inserting PVC pipes into a ditch, it is necessary to carefully monitor the joints due to the fact that the connecting places are extremely fragile and unstable.

It is also recommended to install an emergency drain to clean the sewer. It is usually mounted as close as possible to the area where the pipe enters the building in an accessible place. In addition, if there is a usual set of water consumption points in the building, then it is completely optional to install a fan pipe, you can limit yourself to a vacuum-type valve.

In general, as you can see, the creation of a sewerage system in a private house is a process that requires serious calculations and a lot of attention from the owner of the house. Moreover, the creation of such a system involves thinking through the water supply system at home. In addition, much will depend on what type of sewerage will be created. Pressure sewage will have its own characteristics, and external or internal - their own. In any case, for the competent implementation of such an undertaking, it is important to think through everything to the smallest detail and consult with experts.

It is unlikely that a modern person can imagine his existence without comfort and the usual benefits of existence, therefore, when arranging a frequency house or summer house, first of all, it is necessary to properly equip the water supply system, and of course the sewer system in compliance with all sanitary and hygienic standards.

The arrangement of the sewerage system allows not only to use the bathroom, but also to connect sinks, a dishwasher or a washing machine and bring life in a suburban area closer to living in a city apartment.

The installation of a sewer system is a laborious process and requires a serious approach, moreover, it is best to design a sewer at the initial stage of construction of private buildings.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out water supply and only then carry out the installation of the sewerage system, adhering to a strict sequence.

The main types of sewer systems

The modern sewer system is classified into three main types:

• Internal, where all communications are located inside the house.
• Outdoor, in which communications are located outside the house, which include cesspools, cleaning stations, cesspools, settling tanks, septic tank.
• The most important step is to carry out the sewer system into the house, since all the main elements and wiring to the main highways will be located inside the building. At this stage, proper arrangement is very important, which will ensure the performance and smooth functioning of the entire system.

Materials that will be needed when arranging the sewer system

The basis of any type of sewer system is a common riser, into which wastewater flows. Everything that passes through the riser enters the laid external sewer system and merges into the sump, which is located on the site.

Necessary materials:

1. Pipes, the number of which must be calculated in advance.
2. Branches for the sewer system, the size of which must correspond to the diameter of the pipes.
3. Tees of the desired style, which are necessary for branching the system.
4. Reducers and adapters for connecting pipes of various diameters.
5. Audits to control the functioning of the sewer system and access to clean it in case of blockage.
6. Plugs for bells, which cover unused holes.
7. Special fasteners for fixing sewer pipes.
8. Sealant - plumbing silicone in pipes and a gun that is needed to apply it.

Important! For the riser, you will need a pipe of a sufficiently large diameter (from 100 mm), since this pipe diameter is used to drain waste from the toilet. Install a riser in the very corner of the bathroom or in a pre-equipped shaft.

In addition, it is important to prepare all the tools and materials necessary for the work so that everything is at hand during the work.

The drain pipe must be well fixed. It is also necessary to align future places, joints, which will include outlet pipes from sinks, toilet bowls, bathtubs.

To ensure better sealing of pipe joints and avoid leakage, the joints are lubricated with grease or silicone.

Since plastic pipes are most often used in the arrangement of the sewer system, it is necessary to ensure their reliable fixation. the more reliable the fastening, the less likely the deformation of the sewer pipes, since the mass of filled pipes is much greater than empty ones.

Self-assembly of the sewer system

Do-it-yourself sewerage is quite simple, even without certain skills and experience. The main thing is to follow the sequence of work, purchase high-quality materials, and prepare the tool you need for the job.

Important! If you are still unsure of your abilities, you can always invite professional craftsmen who will carry out all the sewer installation work quickly and efficiently. However, in the process of their work, you can monitor the progress of the work, gaining experience and at the same time controlling the quality.

It is very important that the drain pipes coming from the toilet or bathtub exit at an angle to prevent clogging and ensure the normal level of performance of the system. The angle of inclination per meter should be between 2 and 4 degrees.

You should not purchase corrugated pipes for arranging the sewerage system - it is better to give preference to pipes with an ugly inner surface. It is recommended to fix the pipes immediately after connection and docking. To do this, it is necessary to build a box or gutter of drywall or other waterproof material. This design will achieve reliable fixation and get a rigid system that will be resistant to mechanical damage and water displacement.

Important! When installing the transition from a vertical to a horizontal drain, it is advisable to install a connecting element with an angle of 90 degrees in this place. This will help to significantly reduce the load on the nodes and pipes from pressure when draining water.

To install the transition node, you need to dig a deep hole of the appropriate diameter. This is also convenient because, if necessary, you can install an inspection sleeve, which will allow you to clean the system in case of clogging.

At the next stage, the drain line is taken out of the house. in the foundation, a hole of the required size is made and a corner is cut out at an angle of 15 degrees, and then a constant level of inclination of the drain pipe is set, inclusive, until it enters the drain pit, no more than 2-3 degrees.

Do not make a smaller slope or, on the contrary, tilt the pipe too much. A small slope will slow down the flow of drains, and with a strong slope, the sewage will pass too quickly through the sewer pipes, leaving solid fragments on the walls, which will soon lead to clogging and disruption of the sewer system.

Important! If the location is too close, the foundation may be damaged over time, and too large a distance can cause stagnation in the system, especially if it has many joints and turns.

At the final stage, it is necessary to dig a trench for laying the pipe, the depth of which depends on the climatic and weather conditions in your area. If winters are harsh and cold, the trench must be deep enough to prevent freezing and damage to the integrity of the pipes. For greater safety, you can insulate the pipes with insulation before the final backfilling of the soil.

It is equally important to install several small manholes along the entire length of the sewer pipes, which will allow for an audit of the sewer system in case of blockages. Immediately before laying the sewer pipes, it is recommended to concrete the trench. The bottom of the trench should be as dewy as possible without elevation changes.

The information from this article is useful not only for the independent performance of all work. With its help, you can find out what a modern sewerage system is for a private house, how to shop for components and design routes. This knowledge will help to competently control the actions of the construction team, prevent errors, and make adjustments to the project documentation.

Read in the article:

Basic definitions

The purpose of the project needs to be clarified. We will leave the issues of storm (5) and drainage (4) sewerage outside the scope of the article. The effluents in these systems are not too dirty, so there are no significant problems with their disposal.

It is more difficult to solve problems with household waste. They are discussed below. The figure shows the internal (1) and external (2) part of the autonomous sewage system for a private house. In this example, a septic tank (3) with a drainage field is shown, but other solutions are used in practice. To choose the best option, you should familiarize yourself with them in more detail.

1. must remove domestic wastewater with sufficient capacity.
2. The lack of unnecessary difficulties in the process of their disposal will come in handy.
3. The absence of blockages and complex routine procedures will simplify operation.
4. The durability of system components will increase the intervals between overhauls.

Note! For a correct assessment, consider all important factors in a complex. You supplement the purchase price of individual components with data on the service life, maintenance, and other obligatory costs during use.

Principle of operation, sewerage device in a private house

In domestic systems, a gravity drain system is used. Drains move under the influence of gravity, so a sufficient slope is needed in all horizontal sections of the sewer system in a private house.

Sinks, showers, and other plumbing are connected through (5, 8). These simple devices create a hydraulic seal that prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer. The fan pipe (7) is needed not only for. It prevents vacuum in the upper part of the riser during a volley discharge of drains that block the working opening.

If the external part of the system is properly equipped, the liquid will be cleaned to a safe level.

Where to place the sewer on the site

Note! When choosing a suitable place for placing a cesspool, it is referred to 15 m or more from the foundation of a private house. The distance can be reduced to three meters if you install a modern biological treatment station.

Related article:

From our materials you will learn the device, the principle of operation, location requirements, the secrets of self-equipping treatment facilities for a private house, as well as advice and recommendations from specialists.

The distance to the well is increased (30-50 m). On a relief site, a lowland is chosen for installation of a septic tank, away from residential premises. The distance to the borders of the neighboring area in order to avoid problems should be more than three meters.

Functional sewerage for a private house: how to make the right calculation

During the construction of housing, an autonomous sewage system is designed together with architectural components and other engineering structures. For accurate calculations, specialized specialists take data on the drain of individual points (plumbing, other equipment). They calculate the percentage of filling of the working channel, the speed of movement of the liquid, the slope and diameter of the pipes in different sections.

The following information will help you draw the right conclusions yourself:

1. At the stage of preparing a general construction project, install the connection points for appliances and equipment as close as possible to the riser.
2. In multi-storey buildings, bathrooms are installed one above the other.
3. To prevent blockages, track turns are made at angles less than 90°. An exception is the vertical sections of the sewerage of a private house.
4. Special couplings are used for a smooth transition between different diameters.
5. On turns and long sections, an element with a removable side cover (“revision”) is installed to simplify inspection and remove blockages.

For laying sewers in a private house with your own hands, you can use the following standard sizes:

Expert opinion

Water supply and sewerage design engineer, LLC "ASP North-West"

“The distance to the riser should not be increased by more than 5 m. The toilet bowl is recommended by specialized experts to be mounted no further than 1.5-2 m. If these rules are violated, the height difference for draining by gravity will increase significantly.”

With an increase in the distance to the vertical section of the fan pipe, it may not be enough to compensate for the vacuum. To solve the problem, special valves are installed in the right places of the sewer for a private house. They let air out of the room, but prevent the penetration of odors from the drain system without a hydraulic seal.

The current building regulations set the maximum height difference. For a horizontal section of the sewer for a private house 100 cm long, it should not exceed 15 cm. Otherwise, the fluid flow moves too fast, does not have time to wash off the pollution.

This table shows the optimal values ​​​​for different diameters of the drain system while maintaining the normalized angles of inclination:

The choice of components for the sewerage drain system in a private house

To ensure good compatibility of all track components, it is recommended to use products from the same manufacturer. As a rule, specialized companies offer a varied catalog of PVC sewer pipes. It is not difficult to clarify the sizes and prices of current offers using the Internet. Such products have significant advantages over analogues:

1. Reasonable cost implies low costs even when equipping large properties.
2. Light weight simplifies transport and work operations. Plastic sewerage systems for summer cottages do not create an extra burden. Therefore, it is not necessary to strengthen the power frame of the structure.
3. The standard connection system (with socket and integrated O-ring) speeds up installation work.
4. Such pipes are not subject to the destructive effects of corrosion, aggressive components of detergents.

Polyvinyl chloride is used most often when creating sewers for a private house. This material is used to create durable pipes that can be installed in a multilayer design at a depth of up to 8 meters (SN8 modifications). They maintain their integrity over a wide temperature range (from -10°C to +65°C).

Polyethylene pipelines are more plastic, designed for low temperatures, but they can be damaged by UV radiation. They are designed to transport cold water only. Polypropylene pipes cost 2-3 times more than PVC pipes. They are able to withstand short-term movement of liquids heated up to +95°C. But it is unlikely that such properties will be needed at a great distance from plumbing fixtures.

Non-pressure gravity sewerage for a private house is not subjected to heavy loads from the inside. But even in this case, to maintain the integrity of the structure, you should choose gray PVC pipes with a wall thickness of at least 1.8 mm. For outdoor work, more durable products are purchased. To simplify identification, they are specially painted in orange.

When designing an external sewerage route for a private house, the following verification data can be used. They determine the permissible wall thickness for pipes with a diameter of 200 m:

Note! The connection of the home and the outer part of the sewerage of a private house can be done using corrugations to prevent violation of the integrity of the system during ground movements. Elements corresponding in diameter (two-layer) with smooth inner walls are selected.

In sandwich constructions, ribs increase rigidity. The inside is made smooth for the smooth passage of drains.

Execution of installation work without errors: pipe connection, correct slope and other nuances

How to properly make a sewer in a private house (connect individual parts into a single system) is described in the following description:

• After marking the dimensions from the plan, the pipe is cut at an angle of 90 °. To accurately perform this operation, use such a device (1). Use a hacksaw with a blade for metal, or a special tool.
• A file (2) chamfers the end part at an angle of 15 °, removes small defects at the cut site. The burrs are removed with a knife.
• To simplify the connection, a small area (3) is covered with a special lubricant (soap solution). Do not use silicone sealant. It blocks the mobility of the connection, which must be preserved in this node.
• A rubber ring (4) is inserted into the recess. As a rule, such products are supplied assembled with a sealing element.
• At the next stage, insert one part into the other until it stops. The visible color of the marker put a mark (5) of the corresponding position.
• Next, the parts of the structure (6) are moved apart by about 1 cm.

This technology ensures reliable fastening and tightness of the connection. The created gap will prevent deformation of the route during the thermal expansion of plastic pipes during the operation of the sewer for a private house.

A working drawing can be created manually, without the obligatory compliance with the scale and exact drawings of individual products. But when compiling a package of design documentation for the sewerage of a private house, the following facts must be taken into account:

1. A sufficient slope is observed in all areas, the permissible maximum distance to the riser.
2. The route is laid without right angles, without creating obstacles to the drain.
3. Do not forget about installing revisions in difficult places and on long sections.

A similar drawing can be used as a basis for preparing a list of necessary sewerage components for a private house.

Related article:

In this material, we will consider in detail how its devices are mounted, we will also study it, and along the way we will find out the cost of such work when performed by specialists.

If the sewer pipes of a private house are installed in a concrete screed, reliable protection from external influences is provided, but repairs are difficult. The track can be mounted behind the wall panels, inside the frame structure of the floor. In these cases, access is easier, but the noise level increases. To create comfort and at the same time maintain the integrity of the walls, the risers are fixed through damping pads. In some situations, it is necessary to install special insulation that delays the sounds of the drain. The corresponding layers are made of polyurethane foam and other moisture-resistant materials.

The official instructions indicate the features of the use of their products. The following figures show examples with manufacturer's explanations:

The external part of the autonomous sewer for giving

For year-round living, you need a continuously functioning sewerage system for a country house. What to choose for the insulation of individual sections, the owner himself will decide. But this design must be strong enough, resistant to moisture.

An attentive person will notice that the picture shows the exit from the house, located above the ground. However, many houses are made with a basement (basement). In such buildings, it is easy to make the track below the level of soil freezing for a certain region.

But do not rush to draw conclusions. It is necessary to take into account the gradual slope and distance of the treatment facilities for a private house. It is possible that they will have to be installed at too great a depth. Additional protection against groundwater penetration will be required. The cost of supplying fluid to the drainage field will increase.

After determining the depth, check the passage of the route through the site. Under roadways, parking lots, other additional loads, protection from reinforced concrete slabs or other structures is installed. Pipes are laid on a pillow of sand, cleaned of stones and other large fractions. Separate parts of the structure are assembled according to the manufacturer's instructions. The necessary sections of sewerage for a private house are insulated.

As well as inside buildings, sharp turns are not used here to prevent the movement of drains. On long stretches of sewerage for a private house, revision wells are installed. Connection nodes with such elements and septic tanks are made movable. This will prevent damage from ground displacement during use.

Cesspool: low cost and big problems

How to choose an autonomous sewer in a private house will become clear after studying all the options. You should start with traditional designs, well-proven by centuries of operation.

The authenticity of the origin of the last picture is questionable. However, such structures were indeed used many centuries ago. Today they continue to fulfill their functional purpose.

However, the use of such projects for the sewerage of a private house is contrary to the norms of modern legislation. Oddly enough, but it is much easier to fulfill the requirements of SanPin with the help of a classic “dream house”, located at a sufficient distance from the main building and other objects. Its depth is limited to 3 meters. This parameter is adjusted taking into account the actual level of groundwater. Structures without a bottom are allowed to be used with a total number of drains not more than 1 cubic meter. in 24 hours.

The permissible minimum distance to the well is determined by the geological characteristics of the site:

• clay - 20 m;
• loam - 30 m;
• sand - 50 m.

Note! When carefully studying the issue, it is necessary to take into account the distances to the relevant objects in the neighboring areas.

Closed tank: a simple solution, operating features

The figure shows important details:

• Hatch (1) for inspection and removal of accumulated drains.
• High neck (2), which allows the installation of the main part below the freezing level of the soil.
• Large ribs (3) that increase the rigidity of the structure.
• Pipe for removal of explosive gases (4). According to current building codes, its height above the ground is made less than 60 cm. The hole must be 10 cm or more in diameter.

The volume of sewage capacity for a private house is selected taking into account real needs. The main disadvantage is the rather frequent calls of the sewage machine. The depth is not made more than 2.5-3 m, so as not to complicate the removal of household waste using the typical length of hoses and the power of pumping equipment.

It is not difficult to figure out how to make a sewer in a private house (storage tank) of brick, reinforced concrete rings.

Metal tanks are rarely used due to low resistance to corrosion processes.

Septic tanks: an overview of technical solutions with professional recommendations

How to properly make a sewer in a private house will be easier to decide after a detailed acquaintance with the basics of technology. Through the transport system, wastewater enters the first tank. Here, large heavy fractions settle to the bottom, the processes of biological decomposition begin.

Through a special pipe, the partially purified liquid enters the second tank. Similar processes take place here, but with a noticeably smaller amount of mechanical impurities.

At the third stage, the smallest impurities are retained by a layer of granular backfill. The last container has no bottom. The liquid penetrates the soil and is additionally purified in a natural way. With the correct setting of all components, the system prevents environmental pollution.

Note! A clear advantage of the technology is the reduction in calls to the services of vacuum trucks.

The number of processing steps determines the degree of sewer cleaning for a private house. Therefore, for full reproduction, it is recommended to use at least two containers.

A closed third tank is installed here. After it, the liquid is discharged to a special aeration field. This part is formed from drainage (perforated) pipes. They are laid in rows with an interval of 40-60 cm on crushed stone bedding. Ventilation shafts are installed at all ends. Such structures provide effective cleaning without the use of additional biological and technical means.

In this sewer option for a private house, you will need an appropriate free area on the land to accommodate the drainage field. With a high level of groundwater, it has to be raised to artificial embankments. Here you will have to install additional pumping equipment and control automation. The exact costs can be calculated taking into account the terrain, the number of users, and other features.

To simplify the sewerage project for a private house, they purchase ready-made equipment kits. Manufacturers offer ready-made solutions in a wide range, designed for different conditions and needs.

How to prevent environmental pollution with an artificial treatment plant

Automated sewage treatment plant for a private house. The price of such kits is the highest in the corresponding category of equipment. However, the significant initial investment is offset by several benefits:

• relatively small size;
• high-quality wastewater treatment;
• minimal hassle during operation.

In this model, the separation of contaminants is improved with the help of a productive aeration unit. Active air saturation of the sewer cleaning system for a private house accelerates not only biological, but also chemical reactions. Dissolved salts, iron and other impurities are converted into a solid precipitate. A well-purified liquid comes out.

When contacting specialists, the sewerage of a private house will be calculated professionally. The profile company will carry out delivery, installation and adjustment work, issue official warranty obligations. Comparing the costs of independently performing similar actions, one must take into account the cost of auxiliary procedures, the purchase of tools and consumables.

The above information will simplify the formulation of requirements for an individual project. They will help to implement it without errors and unnecessary costs. Specify the sewerage parameters for a private house using the comments to the article. Communicate with experienced craftsmen, express your own opinion about the products of different manufacturers. On this specialized information platform, valuable knowledge can be obtained completely free of charge.

Video, professional installation of plastic sewer pipes

For a comfortable life in a modern private house, amenities are simply necessary. In this, the main role is given to proper sewage. Doing it yourself is not easy, but possible. To do this, you need to have some knowledge.

Sewerage should begin with the drafting of internal and external systems for the removal of wastewater.

Scheme of the internal sewer system

This system must be thought out even before the construction of the house, at the design stage. The first thing you need to know is what volume the container will be, where all the waste received for processing will be processed.

The average volume is from 200 to 250 liters. The next step is to decide on the type of sewerage system. According to the rules for building houses, it is worth placing all rooms with high humidity in one corner or one above the other. For example:

Basic rules for organizing internal sewage

1. No other equipment may be connected to the sewer pipe between the toilet and the riser. This is due to the fact that during flushing, water will be sucked out of all the siphons connected to the system. This is why the toilet must be connected to the riser with a separate connection.
2. In order to better clean sewer pipes, their slope should be from 2 to 15 degrees, this corresponds to 2-15 centimeters per meter of length.
3. Be sure to take care of the ventilation of the risers. Without it, after a while, an unpleasant odor will appear. In addition, this will lead to the emptying of the siphons and the appearance of air pockets in the pipes, preventing the drainage of water. Ventilation should take place separately from the general channel of natural exhaust at home. In order for the ventilation of the risers to work properly, it is necessary that it be brought out half a meter above the roof. For this purpose, a sewer aerator is perfect;
4. Sanitary appliances located on the same floor must be connected to the riser above the toilet connection. If the appliances are lower, then dirty water will get into them when flushing the toilet.
5. The riser should be at least 10 centimeters in diameter (if a toilet is not connected to it, then it is possible to use a pipe from 5 centimeters).
6. the riser must be soundproofed. To do this, it can be sheathed with drywall, placed in a wall niche or covered with mineral wool.
7. Pipe bends must be made smooth, 30-60 degrees. It is strongly recommended to avoid 90 degree turns.
8. Each riser must have a check hatch at the bottom.
9. To all sanitary appliances, except for the toilet bowl, you can bring a common pipe for discharging water into the sewer.
10. It is important to lay the outer pipe below the freezing point. Also, it needs to be insulated. For her, a revision well is being equipped near the house. To prevent flooding, a sewer check valve is mounted in the pipe. General Sewer Design Tips

In order to properly design a sewer, it is important to take into account the location of the house and calculate the distance to the proposed cesspool.

• The best option would be 5-10 meters.
• You also need to keep in mind that the law provides for the installation of a septic tank at a distance of 4 meters from the neighboring area.
• If you build a cesspool too close to your own home, this can lead to the destruction of the foundation. If you make the cesspool further than 10 meters from the house, this will provoke blockages and other problems in the sewerage system.

Important: when drawing up a sewerage scheme, it is necessary to take into account the location of the collector pipe and riser, the relief of the site, its area and soil composition.

It will be necessary to order compilation axonometric scheme systems, which will help to detect and solve installation difficulties. It is necessary to think over the turns, the dimensions of the pipes, interchanges, connections, angles of inclination and rise.

All risers in the house must be brought to the central sewer. If this is not possible, then:

• Arrange local treatment facilities near the house. Waste water will be discharged into the ground. This option is costly during construction, but cost-effective.
• Water must be diverted to a septic tank, and waste is subject to periodic pumping and removal. This method will not require large installation costs, but during operation it will cost a pretty penny.

Drains are cleaned in several ways:

• Aerobic devices- septic tanks- special bacteria that purify wastewater in the course of their life. This method is also called septic tanks without pumping.
• treatment ground facilities- equipped with a filter and drainage through the soil layer. Here it is important to take into account the composition of the soil (soil from sandy loam and sand proved to be a good filt, and from clay and loam - according to chemical indicators). This method is suitable for economy class houses.

If up to 1 m 3 is produced per day (the norm for 4 permanent residents in the house) of drains, then you can arrange well for filtration, if more than 1 m 3, then - drainage well.

Sewerage design with a filter well

This sewage option is suitable for areas where a well can be located at a distance of more 30 metrov wells, the distance from the house and the fence should be at least 2 m, from large shrubs and trees - 3 m. Also, soil must have high filtering properties, so you can use any kind of soil except clay. In addition, groundwater must flow at a depth of 1.5 m, that is, be lower than the drainage level.

Local sewerage project, provided that it is laid in the ground with low filtration rates and with a high groundwater flow:

• As a result, accumulates in the well warm purified water, which can be used for irrigation or simply drained in a convenient place.

Project of a sewage treatment system in sandy soil

• This option is designed for low water levels in the ground, where treated wastewaterpour directly into the water. Crushed stone is needed only to improve the efficiency of the entire system (if the absorption goes well, then you can not use it). The outlet pipe goes below the freezing point and must be insulated.

External sewerage project with gravity drain organization

• Most economical option. Due to the lack of pumps, wells and other additions, the cost is reduced to a minimum. This option can be used if the terrain allows and for a short distance.

Sewerage design with drainage system

This version of the sewerage system is easy and easy to design and assemble by yourself, and also it convenient to operate. Project example:

The system provides for a cesspool, with its own installation rules. The septic tank is located next to the house so that the water entering it does not have time to cool. Under influence elevated temperaturedrainsintensify decomposition processes waste. If the septic tank is sealed, then it can be installed even in the basement of the house.

Important condition: it is obligatory to have an exhaust through the sewer riser.

In addition, there are leaky cesspools. They need to be located at a distance of more than 5 meters from the house.

Filimonov Evgeny

Reading time: 9 minutes

A A

How to create a sewer in a private house. External and internal sewerage. The choice of materials and the location of the sewer. Installation of pipes and sewer drains.

When building a mansion, the sewerage scheme in a private house should play an important role. After all, the comfort of living and the availability of sewer repair work in the future depend on the arrangement of the system of wastewater effluents.

Stages of laying the sewer system. Materials for creating sewers. Internal and external sewerage, what are the differences in them. Choice of location. Arrangement options. Selection of the necessary pipes. Tips and tricks for a secure installation.

During the construction of a new building, sewerage is an integral part. With modern materials and the amount of useful information on the Internet, learning how to correctly design a sewerage scheme in a private house with your own hands will not be a problem.

By following simple requirements, you can easily mount the waste system yourself, since you do not have to use outdated bulky materials.

Since the old grandfather's toilet has lost its relevance, especially in the cold season, three main types of waste systems are currently in operation:

• A system connected to a collective or city collector;
• Stationary waste collection point;
• Sealed tank;
• Stationary sewer well without a bottom;
• Scheme of installation of bio-sewerage.

The principles of installing the pipe system in the house and up to the collector are almost the same for all types. It is convenient to carry out all the wiring around the house from PVC, and it is more rational to make the connection to the collection point with a HDPE pipe for technical purposes, since its length allows a seamless method. The main branch connected to the toilet is laid with a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, all other standard points of water intake (sink, washing machine, shower cabin) are connected to the common system with pipes of the 50th diameter.

The only requirement is a 2-3 degree angle on the horizontal sections to ensure optimum water flow.

PVC sewer pipes have their advantages and disadvantages when installing a waste system:

• Easy way to connect. The whole circuit is assembled as a constructor, pipes and components are simply inserted into each other;
• The materials are light in weight compared even to HDPE materials;
• A simple way of fastening, including on a vertical surface;
• The only drawback is the maximum length in free access of 6 m.

Do-it-yourself sewerage scheme in a private house

Do-it-yourself installation of a sewerage scheme in a private house is possible for all types of sewerage, except for biosewerage. To implement this option, it is recommended to contact specialists. All the rest can be mounted independently, but when connected to a central system, a package of permits is required.

Where to start

The first step is to select the collection point type. The most profitable is connecting to a common city branch. The user makes a one-time investment in the installation and required materials and pays a symbolic amount for the services monthly. This option is not always feasible for suburban construction, but there is an alternative.

Stationary sewerage scheme of a private house: the depth of the pipe to the tank

The tank can be made from different materials.

It could be:

• Metal or plastic tank;
• concrete structure;
• Concrete rings mounted on a concrete base.

This method is acceptable even if there is a water well on the site, since liquid waste does not penetrate the soil with good waterproofing. The only drawback is the waste of money on the services of sewers. The septic tank, as a rule, is mounted to a depth of 1.5-2 m. The pipeline is strongly recommended to be laid below the freezing level of the soil, which can be determined from a special map.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Depending on the number of points of water intake, the working volume of the tank is selected, but it should be borne in mind that the standard volume of a sewage truck is 3 m3, that is, the volume of your tank must be a multiple of this indicator.

For example, if the volume of the tank is 5 m3, you will either overpay for the services of the second machine, or 2 m3 of the working volume will be filled once and become useless.

In the case of a standard family of 4, with occasional laundry, showers, and dishwashing, a 3 m3 container is filled on average in two weeks.

Option with leaky waste collection point

When implementing this type of sewerage, the location of the waste collection point is very important. The minimum distance from the house and outbuildings to the cesspool is 6-10 m. Otherwise, liquid drains wash out the soil and the sandy foundation pad.

Execution options:

• Concrete rings installed on a drainage pad;
• Brick version of the cesspool;
• Metal or plastic barrels with holes connected in one system.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Note! When using barrels, the base is laid out with gravel, since the weight of the loose soil will press the container into loose soil.

When laying sewerage in a private house, it is recommended that the moat be performed with a slope exceeding an angle of 2-3o for a more efficient process. The depth of the ditch for each case is different, depending on the size of the site and its location relative to the access roads.

The basic principles of the sewer pipeline

Depending on the number of communication drain points, a diagram of the internal arrangement of pipes is drawn up. For convenience, the diagram is drawn on graph paper. In the case of a two-story building, in order to save materials, it is recommended to locate sanitary facilities and secondary drain points as close as possible to the collector. The main collector is mounted along one vertical line on all planned floors, all subsequent parts of the system are connected in series to the main line.

The technology for assembling PVC materials is very simple, since any pipe can be shortened to the desired size. It is also recommended to equip each unit with a closed system with an emergency adapter, in case of a blockage, or an adapter with a larger diameter.

Units located in closed piers are recommended to be connected using a sealant. It is recommended to avoid 90° angles to reduce the risk of clogging.

The principle of operation of the water lock

The water valve prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer into the room. His device has the same design, the differences are only in size. Water serves as a kind of plug.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Note! In the event of a long period of inactivity without operation, the water evaporates, and the water seal loses its functional qualities.

Vacuum valves and fan pipe

These two concepts are unknown to most people outside the plumbing profession. The purpose of these two elements is to prevent the discharge of air in the system when draining a large amount of water or during the operation of sewers, at the time of pumping waste from the storage tank.

Undoubtedly, installing a sewer system is the easiest stage of construction compared to electricity or building walls, but there are many pitfalls in this stage.

Here is a list of some of them:

• When buying pipes and accessories, check the presence of a rubber gasket in the socket. She is often lost;
• It is strongly not recommended to connect the exhaust pipe to the ventilation system;
• In the case of a standard set of water consumption points (one toilet bowl, two sinks, a washing machine, a shower cabin), it is not necessary to install a fan pipe, you can limit yourself to a vacuum valve;
• When laying PVC pipes in a ditch, carefully monitor the joints, as the joints are unstable;
• It is strongly recommended to install an emergency drain to clean the sewer. It is installed as close as possible to the place where the pipe enters the house, in an accessible place.

Compared to other stages of construction, sewerage is the easiest to install, with the exception of bio-sewerage. Consult with experts or select specialized literature, as rash actions can destroy the bacteria present in the storage tank. For example, from a bleach-based toilet bowl cleaner, the bacteria will recover in a week.