Autonomous heating is very popular among owners of private houses.
There are various types of heating equipment, one of the most popular is a solid fuel heating boiler.
The types of solid fuel boilers, automation of their work and selection criteria will be discussed in the article.
Solid fuel boilers are:
- Traditional solid fuel boilers.
- Coppers solid propellant of long burning.
- Upper combustion boilers.
- Solid fuel boilers with electric heaters.
Solid fuel units are operated at industrial facilities or in private homes where there is no main source of hot water and heat. They are quite efficient and convenient to use, and can also serve as an additional source of heat.
Traditional solid fuel boilers have a very simple principle of operation: fuel (coal, firewood and other types) is placed on the grate located in the furnace of the unit, followed by ignition. The released heat is taken up by a heat exchanger, which is connected to the heating system. Ordinary distilled water (condensate) can be used as a heat carrier.
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Advantages of traditional solid fuel boilers:
- Simple construction.
- Complete energy independence.
- Cheapness.
- Ability to burn any fuel.
Disadvantages of traditional solid fuel boilers:
- Lack of automation and protection. The temperature of the heat carrier is regulated by the air damper manually.
- Constant monitoring of the operation of the unit and fuel loading is required.
- Low coefficient of performance (COP).
Solid fuel boilers for long burning are traditional solid fuel units, only in them the principle of fuel combustion has some differences:
- The fuel is laid in layers, and combustion starts from the top layer.
- As the fuel burns, the combustion zone moves from top to bottom.
- Air is supplied directly to the flame source, without affecting the lower layers of the fuel.
Upper burning boilers have an elongated shape and a high firebox. This shape allows you to lay the fuel in many layers. The principle of operation of upper combustion boilers can be compared with the combustion of a match. If a lit match is directed downwards, it will burn out in 10 seconds, and holding it with the flame upwards, then the time for complete combustion increases by 4 times.
There are units with additional electric heating. It is used when cleaning or loading the boiler. This is a kind of emergency heating.
For example, a solid fuel household boiler Warmos-TT (Evan), burns wood and coal, is equipped with an automatic temperature control system and an additional 2 kW electric heater. Similar models: EKO-EL (Wirbel), Smoke and Mix (Zota).
Modern solid fuel heating boilers
Traditional solid fuel boilers are from the last century, and the use of older models has become inefficient.
With the development of innovative technologies, modern solid fuel boilers create serious competition for the latest automated gas boilers. What has changed in traditional units? Increased efficiency of solid fuel boilers.
Traditional solid fuel units do not differ in fuel combustion efficiency, new technologies have been developed to fix this:
- A pyrolysis boiler is a unit that burns pyrolysis gas obtained during the thermal treatment of solid fuels. Such units have high efficiency rates (up to 92%).
- A pellet boiler is a unit that burns special granules (pellets). The efficiency of such units reaches 95%.
- Modern solid fuel long-burning boilers are equipped with additional fans and a primary air preheating system. Secondary air is also mixed in (re-burning of volatile gases of already burned fuel). This provides a more complete combustion of fuel, and also reduces heat loss. Smoke dampers are installed to control the secondary air supply. Due to this, the efficiency of solid fuel boilers increases significantly and varies between 70-90%.
Automation of the operation of an automatic long-burning coal boiler
Traditional solid fuel units are inconvenient because they require constant monitoring, frequent fuel loading and manual adjustment of the coolant temperature.
Now all these processes are fully or partially automated.
To increase the duration of burning, the fuel began to be burned in layers from top to bottom, and not vice versa. Coal can be loaded once every seven days. With the development of technology, the size of the firebox has also increased.
An automatic loading system has been developed for granulated fuel, but in this case it is necessary to equip a special bunker and install an automatic conveyor in it.
Automatic temperature control
Automatic temperature control is carried out using a special air damper. Opening it increases the intensity of combustion, and closing the damper reduces it.
Temperature sensors are installed on the coolant supply line and automatic temperature control takes place with the help of a thermal relay. To reduce the range of deviation from the set temperature, a room temperature sensor is installed.
Pyrolysis (gas generating) boilers can be automated identically to gas units. This is due to the fact that the intensity of the release of pyrolysis gas can be adjusted.
Protection of solid fuel boilers
The automatic protection system will ensure the safe and uninterrupted operation of the solid fuel unit:
- Installation of the heating system must be carried out in such a way that there is a possibility of natural circulation of the coolant.
- Modern solid fuel boilers are volatile. For their uninterrupted operation, it is necessary to install backup power sources (batteries).
- In the event of a violation of the circulation of the coolant, it will begin to overheat to critical temperatures. This process will be accompanied by an increase in pressure in the heating system. To avoid such situations, a cooling circuit is provided.
Choice of coal
Hard, brown, coking coal and anthracites are the main types of solid fuel. However, the quality of coal can be determined by its characteristics:
- Calorie content is the amount of heat released when fuel is burned. The unit of kilocalorie (Kcal). Brown coal - 4500 Kcal/kg, coking coal - 8700 Kcal/kg, anthracites - 8600 Kcal/kg.
- The ash content of fuel is the content of non-combustible substances. Expressed as a percentage: high quality coal - 25% ash content, low - 40% or more.
- Fuel moisture is the moisture content of the coal. Distinguish between surface and internal moisture. The greater the internal humidity, the less heat will be released during its combustion. Internal humidity is determined using special devices, and external humidity can be determined "by eye".
- Fuel marking: A - anthracite, D - long-flame (flares up easily), SS - weakly caking coal and T - lean coal are representatives of not the most efficient types of coal.
- Fraction of coal (see table).
| Name | Marking | Fraction sizes |
| slab | P | 100 mm or more |
| Large (fist) | To | 50mm-100mm |
| Nut | O | 26mm-50mm |
| Small | M | 13mm-25mm |
| seed | FROM | 6mm-13mm |
| Shtyb | W | up to 6 mm |
| Private | R | no standard |
Criteria for choosing a solid fuel boiler
The main criteria for choosing a long-burning coal-fired boiler for the home:
- Energy dependence.
- Fuel availability.
- Dimensions and weight.
- Availability and functions of the automation system.
- Sufficient power.
- The presence of an additional electric heater.
- Price.
If there is no access to the central gas supply, then a coal-fired boiler with automatic fuel supply can be a worthy alternative and completely replace the gas counterpart.
The price of automatic long-burning coal boilers partly depends on the exchange rate, since many goods are imported.
Coal-fired boilers with automatic fuel supply
Looking for an automatic coal fired boiler that can last more than one year? Then you need only original products from manufacturers responsible for their image. Our online store presents models that differ in their modifications and functionality. We are talking about both Russian and foreign boilers with automatic coal supply.
The price of an automatic coal boiler in the online store will delight you with its loyalty. Our company is the official dealer of the presented manufacturers, so you will not find unreasonable markups with us.
The automatic coal boiler has a lot of advantages, namely:
- dosed supply of coal;
- extended burning time after one load;
- automatic shutdown of the device in case of overheating;
- well-thought-out technologies that improve traction and thermal conductivity.
It is also worth noting that boilers of this category do not require special service. According to the experts, one annual scheduled inspection and cleaning is sufficient to keep the equipment in proper condition.
Automatic boilers on coal
A detailed description, photo and price of a solid fuel automatic coal-fired boiler are available in the catalog of the online store. If you need additional information about the technical features of a particular boiler, operating conditions or delivery times, call the indicated phone numbers and you will receive quick answers to all your questions.
You can also buy a coal-fired automatic boiler in St. Petersburg and Moscow in the company's stores, where you will not only be shown everything clearly, but also consulted on issues of interest.
A coal-fired boiler structurally consists of two parts - a furnace and a heat exchanger. Iron heat exchangers are considered one of the most effective. The complexity of the boiler design depends on the model. Especially popular among consumers is an automatic coal-fired boiler with a simplified fuel supply function.
Benefits of coal boilers
When choosing a long-burning boiler on coal, you should give preference to automatic models. Such boilers are equipped with an automatic fuel supply function and are very convenient to use.
Among other advantages of coal-fired boilers, it is worth highlighting:
- Ability to heat large areas
- Moderate fuel consumption
- High heat dissipation
Another advantage of coal models is the alternative choice of fuel. In addition to coal, most models can work on wood and peat. After one load of fuel, the boiler does not cool down for a long time and effectively warms up the room. When choosing a coal-fired boiler, it is important to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room, under which a suitable power is selected.
Buy a coal boiler in Moscow
In our online store you will find high-quality coal-fired boilers at affordable prices. By contacting online consultants or phone managers, you can clarify all questions regarding goods, delivery and payment.
Coal boiler for heating a private house: traditional, long burning, pyrolysis
5 (100%) votes: 2A coal boiler for heating a private house is a great alternative to gas boilers. It is often installed in regions where there is no gas main. Coal is a common and therefore affordable fuel. It is easy to buy, and the price will not be very high. Modern coal-fired stoves and boilers feature several important technical innovations to improve their efficiency and economy.
Pyrolysis type coal boilers
Types by combustion method
A coal-fired boiler can be classified in different ways, depending on the method of burning fuel, they distinguish:
- traditional units (combustion occurs from the bottom up);
- long-burning boilers on coal;
- pyrolysis.
In addition, automatic and semi-automatic coal-fired boilers are popular, they will also be discussed below. Consider each type of equipment separately.
Direct combustion - bottom-up
The principle of ignition here is this: fuel is poured into the combustion chamber. The air required for combustion enters through the grate from below, and combustion occurs from the bottom of the fuel heap, spreading upwards. These are classic boilers, known to everyone for a long time.
Currently, they are characterized by a long fuel filling interval due to the creation of specially designed combustion chambers, water jackets, air supply channels to the furnace, as well as many innovations and functions. At the same time, this type of boiler equipment still remains the cheapest due to its simple design and, often, due to the impossibility of automatic control.
Long burning coal boiler
Here, the combustion of fuel occurs in reverse: from top to bottom. The order of ignition of the unit has also been changed: first, coal is poured, and then it is burned in the upper layer of the pile. Then, for the purpose of the oxidation process, through a special air supply system, it is supplied not from below, but from above, directly into the combustion zone. In the case of such combustion, fuel loading is needed much less frequently.
Long burning coal boiler Unilux
The only thing that needs to be taken into account is the finicky of solid fuel boilers for long-term burning on coal to the quality and moisture content of the fuel. If coal is low in calories, then, no matter how much you want, you will not be able to squeeze out much heat. When using wet fuel, the boiler will go into smoldering mode for a very long time, and will practically not give off heat, since all the energy will be spent on evaporating water. At this time, a lot of soot is formed, the level of heat output decreases, the boiler and smoke outlets become clogged.
The situation is aggravated by the accumulation of condensate. Due to the fact that the heating unit does not warm up, the moisture evaporates and turns into condensate, mixes with soot, flows back into the combustion chamber and chimney, often flowing out of the boiler and forming a puddle. With everything, you can feel an unpleasant smell. Therefore, if you use wet coal, be aware that the chances of achieving high-quality heating are reduced to zero, and you risk simply damaging the structure.
Long-burning coal boilers for private houses are very demanding on fuel, the fuel humidity should not exceed 15%!
There are rules for sintering - only weakly sintering grades should be used, however, the instructions for all devices contain quality recommendations that should be taken into account. Another difference between a coal-fired boiler is that it cannot be “refilled”. Only after burning one portion, you can lay another portion so as not to disrupt the whole process. Therefore, these are units with a cyclic principle of operation.
Although such boilers are rather capricious, they can be an excellent solution because of their energy independence, efficiency with fuel quality, reliability and undemanding maintenance.
Pyrolysis is an efficient way to burn fuel
A coal pyrolysis boiler requires laying fuel only once every 20-30 hours, certain models generally heat up to 4-6 days. However, the process of burning here is much more complicated.
All devices are controlled automatically, require forced air supply to the afterburner. This means that the functioning of the system depends on the mains.
The difference between the pyrolysis unit and the design: there are two combustion chambers.
Fuel is put into the first furnace, coal is decomposed into coke and gases. The second contains hot gases, afterburning takes place here.
The principle of operation of such devices is as follows: after the coal is ignited, the automation reduces the air supply, while the fuel does not burn, but smolders. In this mode, a large amount of gases are released, which are also amenable to combustion. They circulate to another chamber, where they are also mixed with air and burned. As a result, the fuel is processed almost completely. This can explain the long burning and economical effect (in order to obtain the same amount of heat energy, less coal fuel is required).
It is possible to single out the disadvantage of a pyrolysis automatic coal boiler - a high price. But it is worth saying that the cost pays off quite quickly due to economical fuel consumption. The requirements for coal and firewood in these units are the same as for devices with an upper combustion principle.
Boiler with automatic coal supply
The automatic boiler on coal differs from the traditional one in that it contains additional devices. Automatic devices do not require the constant presence of the owner nearby, increase system performance and minimize fuel consumption and the amount of ash remaining.
Automation functions:
- It controls the coal supply to the combustion chamber. The design implies a filling hopper with an auger (or drum) for automatic fuel supply. For all that, the user needs to replenish the fuel supply in the bunker only once every few days (from three to ten).
- Monitors the air supply to the combustion zone. Optimum supply and initial air heating also contribute to uniform coal combustion and equipment efficiency. The coal-fired boiler with automatic fuel supply has efficiency 90% (this is more compared to other types of structures: a conventional boiler - 70%).
- Automatically dumps ash with movable grates.
The auto mode of the device is adjusted by the parameters that the owner sets. In accordance with the temperature values for heating water and heating indoors, automation activates combustion or maintains a smoldering mode for up to five days. Thanks to continuous combustion, it is powerful to ignite once per heating season.
The principle of automatic fuel supply to a solid fuel boiler
The principle of operation of automation is not complicated. Depending on the degree inside the boiler equipment, liquid capacity, pressure force, commands are sent to the air supply sensor. If the air velocity increases or the supply decreases, combustion increases or decreases accordingly. It also adjusts the water heating temperature inside the heat exchanger.
For the operation of an automatic boiler on coal, electricity is required, therefore such units are classified as volatile. They need the presence of a network (battery, socket).
Coal equipment is 20-40% more expensive than wood-burning units. But built-in automation makes it possible to reduce heating costs. According to user reviews, fuel savings can sometimes reach 50%. Thus, it can be argued that coal heating is one of the most profitable for private residential buildings, workshops, workshops ...
Types by material of manufacture
In addition to different combustion methods, boilers can vary in material, that is, they can be made of cast iron or steel. The two options have their own advantages and disadvantages, which should be considered when choosing the right device. Let's give a brief description:
- steel (a special boiler is taken for manufacturing) burns out faster, is less resistant to corrosive processes, but does not cause problems during repairs;
- cast iron is resistant to corrosion and boasts a long service life. However, it can burst from a temperature difference or impact. Moreover, cracks cannot be welded; a complete replacement of the damaged part will be necessary.
There is one more nuance: for the installation of equipment made of cast iron, you will need a separate foundation (if its weight with the coolant in the circuit, fuel and chimney exceeds 700 kg). Many consider it an excellent option for a device made of these two materials: a cast-iron combustion chamber and a steel body.
What are all types of coal boilers fired with?
Fuel for this type of equipment also has its own differences. Property owners should take care of the selection, delivery and proper storage of the right amount of fuel in advance. Coal fuel today can be purchased from many companies, but not everyone is aware of the difference between one type of coal and another. The market currently offers the following fuel options:
- Long-flame coal. You can guess that this type of fuel burns very quickly and releases a lot of heat. It is often installed for heating houses outside the city, as well as summer cottages.
- Gas - this is the name of coal due to the fact that when burned it releases a large amount of gas, which can be burned in pyrolysis devices. This is an excellent option for gas-fired boilers, because when burned, a lot of heat is released.
- Anthracite is a type of coal with a long burning time. This is an excellent solution for modern boilers, because anthracite emits a lot of heat energy and burns slowly, without emitting pyrolysis gases.
Be sure to take care of the proper storage of coal. It must be protected from rain, and also not stored in conditions of high humidity.
It is advisable to protect the fuel from damp cold wind, it would be nice to find a spacious dry room for storage. This is one of the disadvantages of all solid fuel units: it is necessary to look in advance for where to store coal so that it retains all its useful properties.
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