In order for the roof to fulfill its task, in addition to a solid frame structure, an appropriate coating is required - durable, airtight, aesthetic. The use of the wrong roofing material can be disastrous, ranging from financial losses caused by continuous repairs to serious accidents, such as the collapse of the frame. It is also desirable that the roofing material be easy to install - with less risk of errors. There are different types of roofing materials, and all of them have characteristic features, knowledge of which will help you make the right choice in each case.
An important criterion when choosing roofing materials is the complexity of the roof structure. For simple structures, without decorative elements, it is advisable to use various types of sheet roofing, which allows you to carry out roofing work in the shortest possible time. Below are the main types of roofing materials that are most suitable for this purpose.
Metal tile is a roofing material that is made from galvanized steel sheets 0.4-1.25 mm thick, with an organic coating with a thickness of 25 microns (polyester coatings) to 200 microns (plastoizol). Weight 1 sq.m. coverage ranges from 4.2 - 6.5 kg. Products can be supplied in sheets or in modules (modular metal tiles). A standard module has dimensions of 350-400 mm in length and about 1100 mm in width, and a sheet can reach several meters in length - one sheet of metal tile, on average, 6 square meters. roofs. Service life of a metal tile is 30-50 years.
Metal tiles are used at various industrial facilities and residential buildings, for roofing roofs with an angle of inclination from 9 - 12 °. Sheets are attached to the crate with self-tapping screws with special sealing caps. The step between the elements of the crate is from 35 to 40 cm, depending on the angle of the roof.
Pros and cons of this type of roof:
- advantages - ease of installation, relatively high strength with low weight, wide range of colors, low price;
- disadvantages - a large amount of waste, poor thermal insulation properties.
Profiled sheets are made from the same material as metal tiles and using a similar technology, but are used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes, for example, to cover industrial buildings or shops. They produce corrugated board of different profiles (trapeze, wave, etc.) and various colors. Thanks to the production technology, this material, with appropriate installation, can last up to 50 years.
Profiled sheet is a durable type of roofing material and can be safely used on roofs of great length. The sheet is attached to the crate with self-tapping screws with a sealing gasket, on any roof with an inclination angle of 10 °. At a small angle of inclination, the seams should be treated with sealant.
The relatively low price and ease of installation made it in demand in various areas of construction. Among the positive and negative properties of the material should be mentioned:
- advantages - ease of installation, lightness and high strength of the resulting structure;
- disadvantages - poor thermal insulation, dubious aesthetics of the finished roof.
Corrugated board, like other sheet metal roofing materials, is characterized by high noise, which is why the roof needs additional sound insulation.
Ondulin
For the production of ondulin sheets, pulp and paper fibers, refined bitumen and polymer resins are used. Ondulin sheets are painted in various colors with temperature-resistant paint. The material is used as a coating for residential buildings of one- and multi-storey buildings, agricultural facilities, as well as public facilities. The sheets have a wavy profile, length - 2000 mm, width - 950 mm. With a sheet thickness of 3.0 mm, its weight is only 6.5 kg. This, as well as ease of installation, allows you to do the roof yourself.
Sheets of ondulin are attached to the crate with special nails. It can be mounted on roofs with an angle of 6° or more, the step of the lathing elements is from 30 cm. The material is easily cut with a regular hacksaw, which simplifies working with it.
For all its attractiveness, ondulin, in addition to its positive properties, also has disadvantages:
- advantages - corrosion resistant, maintenance-free, safe for health and the environment, has good sound insulation;
- disadvantages - low level of fire safety, relatively short service life (up to 25 years).
Slate
Asbestos cement sheets, better known as slate, are characterized by high strength and durability. To date, both flat and wavy slate are on sale, as well as its painted version. Wavy slate is six-, seven- and eight-wave. A fairly heavy building material, with a length of 1750 mm and a width of 980 - 1130 mm, depending on the thickness, it can weigh up to 25 kg.
The slate is mounted on a crate made of timber with a cross section of 50 mm to 75 mm, in increments of 50 cm. If the roof slope is less than 22 °, then the crate must be reinforced. The slate is fastened with special roofing nails.
Pros and cons of slate:
- advantages - service life of about 40 years, low price, high fire resistance;
- disadvantages - fragility, low moisture resistance.
Given this, slate can only be used for outbuildings.
This roofing material is made of galvanized sheet steel, 05 and 0.7 mm thick, covered with a protective and decorative color coating. It can have both a completely flat surface and a wavy or trapezoidal profile, which serves to strengthen long sheets and minimizes the effect of deformation, which sometimes appears as a result of exposure to high temperatures. Sheets are available in various widths. The length is selected to the size of a particular slope. On small roofs (with a slope length of up to 10 m), one sheet can cover the entire length.
The roof got its name because of the way the individual elements are connected. The edges extending from the eaves to the ridge are joined by a standing seam, and the transverse edges of the roof slope are joined by a recumbent seam. The connection can be single or double. During installation, the side edges are joined with a fold, moving from the eaves to the ridge. With special fasteners (clamps), the panels are attached to the crate.
Seam roofing is used in residential and industrial construction. Her strengths and weaknesses:
- advantages - high flexibility and low weight, aesthetics, no risk of fire, immunity to low temperatures;
- disadvantages - the complexity of installation, noise.
When selecting roofing materials and analyzing their properties, one should take into account the severity of certain atmospheric phenomena in a given region of the country (wind force, intensity of rain and snow). For example, the roofs of houses in mountainous areas must have a large angle of inclination in order to easily get rid of snow. In areas where strong gusty winds are common, it is advisable to choose heavy-duty roofing materials rather than lightweight metal roofing.
Soft roof and its varieties
There are several varieties of soft roofs on the building materials market, which are widely used both on the roofs of industrial buildings and in private construction, especially on roofs with a large number of architectural elements.
Flexible tiles - fiberglass plus bitumen
Bituminous tiles, often also called shingles, shingles, etc., resemble classic roofing material in structure. Technically, it differs little from it, since its design also uses a core in the form of a solid base (cellulose, fiberglass or plastic), which is impregnated with bituminous mass and covered with stone chips. The advantage of bituminous tiles is the possibility of its installation on roofs of any configuration.
Suitable for most roofs with a slope of 12°. If we are talking about the upper limit, then the roof can be very steep, up to vertical planes. A flexible tile is attached to a solid crate made of plywood or OSB-boards. A brief description of:
- advantages - resistance to the negative effects of weather conditions, various kinds of deformation, simple installation that does not require special skills and equipment, good sound insulation, long service life;
- disadvantages - it is difficult to replace one element, heats up quickly under the scorching sun, a rather high price.
Roll built-up roofing
It consists of two layers of bitumen, between which a carrier base is placed, then a polymer layer and a mineral dressing on top. Polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass is used as the basis. The main scope of rolled roofing materials is industrial construction, utility buildings. The optimal slope of the slope for one layer is 9 - 22 °, for two layers 3 - 15 °.
Roofing strips are welded onto a cleaned surface treated with a bitumen-based primer using a burner. Each strip should overlap the previous one by at least 10 cm. A high-quality deposited material can last up to 30 years.
This is perhaps the most budget option for roofing - all types of bitumen-based rolled roofing materials are characterized by a low price. The pros and cons of this material are as follows:
- advantages - good vapor permeability, lightness, environmental friendliness;
- disadvantages - low fire resistance, not very attractive appearance.
This product is a kind of new generation roll materials. PVC, TYPE and EPDM membranes are produced. The nominal thickness of the products is 1.80 mm, 2.20 mm 2.50 mm (in this case, the homogeneous waterproof layer of the membrane has a thickness of 1.20, 1.50 and 1.80 mm, respectively). Dimensions 2*20 m.
Sealing is carried out by hot air welding, without the use of additional preparations. Thanks to this, the connection is homogeneous, its strength is higher than the strength of the material itself, and the seam itself retains all the advantages of the base material. The production of materials is carried out in compliance with high environmental standards. If the roof slope is more than 10°, then the membrane is fixed mechanically. The main pros and cons of the material:
- advantages - resistance to mechanical stress, water resistance, ease of installation;
- disadvantages - increased requirements for the base, exposure to aggressive chemicals.
Self-leveling roofing - applied directly to concrete
With the help of a self-leveling roof, a single (without joints), elastic, light and durable (up to 15 years) coating is created. To cover flat roofs, bituminous-rubber or polyurethane (from polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomers) masses are used. All of them are supplied ready for use in construction.
A prerequisite for a good coating is adequate preparation of the substrate. It must be durable, with a homogeneous structure, before starting work it must be cleaned, leveled and primed. On flat roofs, reinforcement can be dispensed with. If the angle of inclination is more than 2 °, then in order to avoid draining the mass, the surface is reinforced (with fiberglass tapes, a mesh of polyamide, polyester or polypropylene). In any case, the use of reinforcement increases the life of the roof. In addition to the advantages, the material also has some disadvantages:
- advantages - no seams, perfect fit to the base, ease of use and relatively low price;
- disadvantages - increased requirements for the base.
Like other building materials, the main types of roofing materials, in addition to undeniable individual advantages, are not without some drawbacks. Therefore, when choosing a roof covering, you should carefully analyze the conditions in which the building will be operated.
It is impossible to imagine a house without a roof. A variety of materials can be used to create a roof. For each building, you can choose your own suitable option. Some are often used to cover country houses and cottages, while others are used to decorate outbuildings.
To make the right choice, you should know what materials are and what they are intended for.
Types of roofing materials
Sheet roofing
metal tile
It is strong, beautiful, but sometimes noisy. is a steel sheet of various thicknesses (up to 0.5 mm), with a galvanized coating. Its surface is coated with a special varnish that protects against damage. Under it there are more layers: ground and aluminum. By weight, the sheet is quite light, a square meter weighs only 3-5 kilograms.
Metal tiles are used to cover the roofs of private buildings, industrial buildings, garages. A false roof looks interesting when layers of metal tiles are applied under a slope on a flat roof.
Differs in durability, service life makes till 50 years. Given the relatively low cost - 400-1000 rubles, it seems quite reasonable to invest in such a roof design.
Advantages:
- Quick and easy installation.
- Durability, withstands high mechanical loads.
- Lightweight, you can work with it alone.
- Easy loading and transport.
- Affordable price.
Flaws:
- High percentage of waste during installation.
- Good sound transmission.
Roof decking
This is a profiled steel sheet, a close "relative" of metal tiles, with a zinc layer and polymer protection. May be rectangular or wavy, slightly thicker than the previous type. Available in the form of a wave, rectangle or trapezoid.
It is used most often to cover household buildings, as well as roofs of cottages and country houses.
Advantages:
- Easy installation.
- Durability (service life reaches 50 years).
- Low cost.
The disadvantages include noise, it is necessary to make soundproofing of the roof.
Ondulin
Attractive material, which is made from cellulose fibers impregnated with bitumen, polymer components are added. Many call it "Euroslate". Topped with two coats of paint. One sheet weighs about 6 kilograms, looks like a wave. The standard unit dimensions are 2 * 0.96 meters.
It is used to create a roof on outbuildings, baths, is used to implement a complex roof due to its flexibility. Often used to replace old coatings.
Advantages:
- Environmental friendliness.
- Excellent water resistance.
- Durability, lasts up to 40 years.
- Hygiene.
- Light weight, easy to assemble and transport.
- Withstands heavy loads, resistant to chemical compositions.
- Noiselessness.
- Cuts easily with a simple hacksaw.
- Low price.
Flaws:
- Flammability.
- After 2-3 years, the surface fades, and the material loses its visual appeal.
- At high temperatures it softens, the smell of bitumen appears.
Slate
The most common and inexpensive material. It consists of Portland cement and asbestos, one sheet weighs 10-15 kilograms. Sizes vary: width 98-113 centimeters, length 175 centimeters. Depending on the size, there is a number of waves from 6 to 8.
It is used to cover sheds, baths, summer toilets. It can also be used for private construction, but rarely recently. Only with very limited resources.
Advantages:
- Long service life, up to 40 years.
- Ease of installation.
- Fire resistance.
- Low price.
Flaws:
- asbestos content. Although in the composition of its quantity is so small that there is no talk of a great danger to humans.
- Fragility, requires careful handling during transportation and work.
- High hygroscopicity, absorbs moisture well, as a result of which it loses its properties, fades, becomes overgrown with moss.
seam roof
Steel
Consists of steel sheets with zinc coating. Quite often it also has a polymer layer. The sheets have a special connection - a fold. The type of fastening of sheets depends on its type.
It is used to create a roof at production facilities, for complex roofs (cathedrals, estates), administrative buildings. Can be used to cover private buildings.
Advantages:
- Flexibility.
- Smooth surface.
- Fire resistance.
- Durability (up to 30 years).
- Light weight material.
- Resistant to low temperatures.
- Attractive appearance.
Flaws:
- Impact damage.
- Mandatory thermal insulation.
- The complexity of installation, it can not be done independently.
- Cover noise.
- The ability to accumulate static electricity.
Copper and aluminum
Sheets with a thickness of 0.3 millimeters, weighing: copper sheet - 5-10 kilograms, aluminum - 3-5 kilograms.
Advantages:
- Corrosion resistance.
- Reliability.
- Aesthetics and beauty.
- Durability (serve up to 80-100 years).
- Minimal maintenance.
- Fire resistance.
- Safety.
The disadvantages include a very high cost.
Soft roof
Flexible roof tiles
It consists of fiberglass impregnated with bitumen with modifiers, the top coating is stone (slate or basalt) chips.
It is used to create a roof of a non-standard shape or a mansard roof.
Advantages:
- Flexibility.
- Noiselessness.
- Does not rot, does not corrode.
- Modern design.
- Affordable cost.
Flaws:
- In severe frost, it can burst or crack.
- At high temperatures, an odor appears, the material melts.
- Flammability.
Hydroisol (surfacing roof)
It is created on the basis of fiberglass, polyester or fiberglass. The basis is oxidized bitumen with the addition of a modifier, which gives the material elasticity. Reconciliation has a layer of polymer and sprinkles.
It is used both to create a flat roof of multi-storey buildings, and in private residential construction.
Advantages:
- Durability.
- Minimum weight.
- Does not require additional care.
- Environmental friendliness.
- Resistant to fire, water, noise.
Flaws:
Requires special storage conditions: only in a vertical position, away from heating devices.
Flat membrane roof
There are the following types:
- PVC membranes: not environmentally friendly, but provide excellent protection against fire and ultraviolet radiation.
- EDPM membranes: They consist of artificial rubber with reinforced mesh, they are distinguished by high strength, environmental friendliness.
- TPO membrane: thermoplastic olefins reinforced with a reinforced mesh. Also safe for humans.
Used to decorate flat roofs on industrial buildings and residential buildings.
Advantages:
- Service life - up to half a century;
- It is possible to cover the surface of any area;
- Water resistance;
- Installation can be done at almost any time of the year;
- High strength.
Flaws:
- A prepared base is required;
- Organic oils and solvents must not be used.
Piece roofing materials
Tiles are ceramic
It is created in industrial conditions by long firing at high temperatures. The surface may be glazed. Tiles have a lot of weight, with dimensions of 30 * 30 centimeters, a unit weighs more than 2 kilograms. There are several varieties: slotted and flat, stamped and ordinary, grooved, one- and two-wave tiles.
It is used to cover the roofs of houses, regardless of the number of storeys.
Advantages:
- Savings in maintenance.
- Good soundproofing.
- Fire resistance.
- Durability (up to 150 years).
- Resistance to negative environmental influences.
- Aesthetics.
- Porous structure, the ability to "breathe".
Flaws:
- Too much weight requires a good foundation.
- Fragility.
- Difficult and time-consuming installation.
- Very high cost.
Sand-cement tiles
It consists of a solution of sand with cements, which is pressed. Dyes are used to give color and glazing. It can be smooth or with a profile pattern. The weight is about 40 kilograms per square meter.
Used to create a roof on residential buildings, the number of floors is not limited.
Advantages:
- Durability, it is inferior to ceramic tiles, but under the manufacturer's warranty will last up to 30 years.
Flaws:
- More than 1 cm thick.
- Fragile, careful handling required.
- Quite a big cost.
slate roof
This is a natural natural material, which is not widely used due to its too high cost. At the same time, it can be purchased in the form of tiles that are made by hand. With a thickness of 4 millimeters, it weighs up to 25 kilograms per square meter.
Advantages:
- The service life can reach 200 years.
- Exclusive coverage option, the view is simply amazing.
- Resistant to fading, frost and sun exposure.
- Water resistance.
- Fire safety.
The downside is the very high cost.
Bulk (mastic) roofing
It is a liquid that is created on the basis of oligomers. It hardens in air, while maintaining good elasticity. Excellent adhesion to surfaces such as bitumen, concrete, metal.
Used in areas where winters are very severe or where high temperatures occur in summer.
Advantages:
- The coverage is done in a short time.
- Does not contain harmful substances.
- Seamless material.
- Resistant to low and high temperatures.
- Service life - up to 15 years.
But during installation it is quite difficult to make a coating of the same thickness.
Which roof to choose
Everyone focuses on several basic criteria when choosing a roofing material. But there are some key points that you should pay attention to.
Criterias of choice
- Durability. This parameter is very important, since the roof should not require frequent repairs and increased attention to itself. The service life is affected not only by the type of material chosen, but also by the quality of installation.
- Type of building, its purpose and roof structure. Naturally, for outbuildings it makes no sense to purchase expensive elements, while a residential building requires a more careful choice.
- The most important is also the financial aspect. Naturally, it is necessary to evaluate the material from the price / quality ratio, but you also need to take into account the cost of installation based on the roof area, and. In this case, metal tiles, ondulin, shingles and shingles remain the priority. Those who gave preference to piece materials should understand that the installation will be more complicated and, accordingly, expensive.
- Aesthetics. The roof should give the building or structure a finished look, while harmoniously fitting into the overall concept of the object, combined with the surrounding landscape and the walls of the building.
What determines the choice
The choice of roofing material depends, first of all, on the main parameters of the roof of the house: decorative features, reliability and weight of the material. In addition to attractive external parameters, the load on the walls should be taken into account. For example, natural tiles weigh 15 times more than metal ones.
The service life is indicated without taking into account some factors: operating conditions, climate features. For example, it is worth understanding that in a hot climate, shingles will not last long.
The cost of roofing materials
The cost depends on their quality characteristics, service life, production capabilities. When choosing, one should take into account the thickness of the elements, the type and main characteristics. In addition, it is worth adding to the final calculation the cost of installation and possible spending on spare parts.
Do not forget about the installation of cornices, waterproofing and vapor barrier of the roof, as well as the cost of delivery and transportation. The cost of different brands and manufacturers is also different. The price is affected by the presence and composition of the protective coating, shape and color.
If the cost is not in Russian currency, it is worth considering fluctuations in the exchange rate of the ruble against foreign currencies.
Pricing Examples
On average, the following prices for roofing material take place, calculation per square meter, excluding work:
- Metal tile - from 250 rubles.
- Euroslate - from 850 rubles.
- Decking - from 600 rubles.
- Slate - from 150-200 rubles.
- Ondulin - about 300 rubles per sheet.
- Bituminous tiles - 400-550 rubles (depending on the manufacturer).
- Flexible and soft tiles - from 430 rubles.
- Steel seam coating - from 350-500 rubles, copper - from 1800 rubles.
- Built-up roof - in the region of 120-150 rubles.
- PVC membranes - from 300 rubles.
- Slate tiles - from 3500 to 6000 rubles.
- The choice of roofing should be made at the stage of creating a project for the future home.
- It is not recommended to do this on your own, because you need to know and take into account many parameters. For advice, it is better to contact specialists who are engaged in repair and construction.
- The choice depends on the purpose of the building. For non-residential buildings, you can use cheaper and more affordable material, but you should not save on this to create the roof of a residential building. The comfort of living and the convenience of using the house in the future depend on the right choice.
When looking at any house, the first thing that catches your eye is roofing. And this is not surprising, because the general perception of a modern cottage largely depends on the spectacular type of roof. However, first of all, it must be reliable. and durable.
We have prepared an article from which you will learn:
- How to choose the right roof and not miscalculate during its further operation;
- Why an integrated approach is needed when choosing;
- What are the types of roofing?
- How to reduce costs when installing roofing without sacrificing its strength;
- Why is it sometimes more profitable to buy more expensive material, and not try to save money.
Roofing for the roof: how to choose
You have decided to build a house and thought about choosing a roof. In this case, remember that whatever material you choose, it must first of all meet the following parameters:
- Have a suitable design;
- be affordable to you;
- be durable;
- Do not create difficulties with installation.
It is necessary to start choosing a roof even at the design stage of the structure, since all loads on the truss structure must be taken into account and then the necessary materials and roof units are calculated.
- It is also necessary to take into account climatic features.
Our Forum Advisor Sergey Namestnikov(nickname on the forum Pil18 ):
– Doingthe “right” choice of roofing material for our climatic conditions, it is worth remembering that due to the size of our country, we are dealing with several climatic zones. Namely:
- In southern regions with high solar activity, it is worth choosing a coating based on its color fastness parameters (ultraviolet stability) and operating temperature range, since roofing in areas where plus thirty degrees are not uncommon gets very hot;
- In coastal areas, it is worth choosing a coating, given the aggressive environment of salty sea air;
- In the northern regions, it is necessary to take into account not only the winter temperature of minus forty, but the weight of the coating, since snow loads are of decisive importance.
When designing a roof, wind and snow loads must be taken into account, regardless of the materials!
Consultant's opinion Elena Gorbunova, Moscow (nickname on the forum Matilda):
–
The choice of roofing material is better to start even before the installation of the truss system, as there are small but important differences in the arrangement of the roofing cake for different types of roofing.
Wanting to save on construction, many choose a roof, focusing only on the price per square meter and turning a blind eye to some of the shortcomings. But do not forget about the little things! The real price also consists of the necessary components, additional structural elements, elements passing through the roof and the possibility of their installation on this roofing.
Any roof covering will last a long time if it is installed with high quality and in full accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations!
Roof selection algorithm
Despite the fact that there may be several selection criteria, nevertheless, first of all, any developer pays attention to the design of the roofing. After all, it should not only be combined with the house and outbuildings: a bathhouse, a garage, etc., but also, ideally, be in harmony with the landscape of the entire site. That is why an integrated approach is required when choosing.
Sergey Namestnikov :
– Roofing and the general appearance of the finished roof should be combined with the design of the building, and therefore, please the owners with their appearance. You can also highlight a number of secondary criteria that you should focus on:
- Price;
- Ease of installation;
- Availability in the market;
- Durability.
But before you finally decide on the choice of roofing, you need to carefully study its technical characteristics and take an interest in the history of the operation of the material.
There is no universal good advice on which coating should be used and which should not. How many people, so many opinions. Some like corrugated board, others like tiles, and in each case it is necessary to choose individually, according to the place.
Sergey Namestnikov :
- When choosing a roofing, I always recommend following this algorithm: choose a design, choose a brand (manufacturer) from the desired group of roofings, choose a specific product based on its technical characteristics and price, look for the best (optimal) offer on the market, buy.
Such a phased approach to the choice will not let you get confused.
It is impossible to say which roofing material is the best. The experience of users of our forum suggests that there is no single answer.
Sergey Namestnikov :
– On your roof, in my opinion, there should be a coating that, first of all, will please you! And to the question “what kind of roofing material is better to refuse”, I would answer “from poor quality”.
Even the highest quality material will not last long if used incorrectly! But it is necessary to save only up to a certain level. Do not forget that the roofing system depends not so much on the quality of the material, but on the correct installation of the roofing system.
Sergey Namestnikov
:
– When choosing a roofing, it is worth considering the shape of the roof.
If the shape of the roof is complex, with slopes, slopes, angles of various shapes, many valleys, slopes of a trapezoidal and triangular shape, then using sheet materials, metal tiles, etc. on it leads to waste exceeding 30% of the total amount of material, which very uneconomical.
Therefore, on this kind of roofing, it is more expedient to use soft tiles and materials, during the installation of which the waste will not be so high.
Types of roofing
To understand which roof is best suited for your home, you need to understand the parameters of roofing on the market.
Elena Gorbunova:
– The main types of materials are:
- metal tile;
- Soft bituminous tiles;
- Sand-cement;
- Ceramic;
- Composite.
metal tile rightly is one of the most popular roofing at the moment. It is a galvanized sheet coated (or uncoated) of various shapes (rolling shape). The price range is approximately 200-500 R/m2.
Elena Gorbunova:
– Metal tiles differ in coating, steel thickness and profile. The thickness of the steel ranges mainly from 0.4 to 0.5 mm. The thicker the better. Steel 0.4 is too thin, and this makes installation difficult, because. large sheets bend and crumple like foil.
Sergey Namestnikov
:
– The durability of this material directly depends on the quality of the coating and the quality of the galvanized steel sheet. There is an opportunity to buy sheets of standard sizes, and to order sheets of the size you need.
Despite the fact that the choice of colors for metal tiles is quite extensive, there are not so many forms of rolling, and this imposes certain restrictions on the design of the roof of a house. Also, when choosing and buying, it is worth considering not only the cost of the “canvas” per square meter, but also the cost of additional elements, since the overpriced price of additional elements leads to an increase in cost.
Sergey Namestnikov :
- Do not forget that during the rain the metal tile makes noise, which, in principle, is eliminated by the usual insulation and high-quality sound insulation.
The service life of a high-quality metal tile, subject to proper installation, is about 50 years.
Choosing a soft roof for your home
Soft tiles- a very popular material on the Russian market. This is due to the widest design possibilities of this roofing and a large number of colors, shades and shapes. The price range for soft roofing is also very wide - from 200 rubles for the simplest quality material to several thousand for roofing from exclusive collections.
This material is great for use on complex roofs, as it has virtually no waste during installation. The flexible tile perfectly soundproofs the noise from the rain. But this type of coating requires laying on a solid base (most often it is made of OSB - plywood), which increases the cost of the roofing system.
Elena Gorbunova:
– Under soft tiles, a solid crate is required. It is most practical to first stuff a rare crate, and nail an OSB board (or moisture-resistant plywood) over it. In this case, the step of the lathing can be adjusted to the size of the OSB board and you do not have to cut the board.
And the plate itself can be taken thinner.
The standard plate width is 1220 mm. The crate is an inch board with a pitch of 244 mm, and a 9 mm OSB plate is attached along the axes. This thickness is quite enough for any climatic zone of Russia. And the edge of the slab will always fall in the middle of the crate board.
Another feature of bituminous tiles is that it does not need additional waterproofing along the slope of the rafters. A lining layer is laid along a continuous crate and roofing tiles are already going along it. In this case, there will be no mini-leaks or condensate dripping from the inside of the material onto the insulation.
It is cheaper and easier to bring a chimney, fan pipe or ventilation pipe through such a roofing than through any other.
Elena Gorbunova:
– It should be remembered that the placesall these exits must be provided in the roof in advance!
And in order for such a roof to last for a long time, when buying it, you can use the following advice.
Elena Gorbunova:
– It is important that the bitumen in the roof tiles does not become brittle over time. A fairly simple way to check its quality when buying is to sniff the tile. There should not be a strong bituminous smell, which means that the bitumen is artificially aged and the necessary modifiers have been added to it for elasticity.
Wavy bitumen sheets is a material based on organic fibers (cellulose) impregnated with bitumen. Such material is easy to install, has a small weight.
However, it limits the developer's design options.
It is popular, first of all, due to the fact that the installation of corrugated bitumen sheets is easy to do on your own, and the material itself is easy to transport.
Sergey Namestnikov :
Steel roofing (seam roofing)- this is the most reliable and durable steel roofing, which is produced using the double standing seam technology. Such a roof has no holes, the surface is monolithic and sealed. Seam roofing is exactly the case when the material for the manufacture of roofing is not expensive, but the main problem of this type of coating is high-quality installation. There are not so many masters who can perform this type of work, which affects the price of installation work.
Sergey Namestnikov :
- Such material should be used when it is necessary to obtain a durable roof, and the issue of price fades into the background.
Roof tiles- This is a material with a deep history, used in antiquity. Such a roofing is durable and beautiful, but it has a lot of weight, which imposes increased requirements on the truss system and the structure of the entire building.
Sergey Namestnikov
:
– I would refer this material to the premium segment, because. the cost of high-quality ceramic tiles can hardly be called low.
There are several technologies for making tiles.
There are cement-sand, polymer-sand and ceramic tiles. The classic version is ceramic tiles.
Elena Gorbunova:
- Sand-cement tiles. Here you need to pay attention to such an indicator as "cyclicality". Such a roof collects moisture, which, when the temperature passes through "zero", expands inside and leads to the destruction of the roofing. For the year in the Moscow region, several dozen transitions through the "zero".
- Composite tiles. It looks very impressive, because. combines both the volume of the profile and the stone dressing. But it is quite difficult to install, and its laying cannot be done by roofers without experience in working with just such a roof.
If you decide to get a roof made of natural tiles - do not count on the low cost!
Slate and painted slate is an inexpensive material. And it can be recommended for use as a roofing only if the price of the material is the main selection criterion. 
It should be remembered that slate is already quite an outdated material. It is also very fragile, which imposes certain restrictions on its installation.
Also, do not forget that with excessive savings on roofing material, there can be significant losses in quality, and the cost of installation work, insulation, wood, remains unchanged. Therefore, if there is an opportunity to purchase roofing of a higher quality, you should always take advantage of it, because, like a house, a roof is put up for more than one decade!
Users of the site can find out all the information by; understand . Members of our forum will tell you all about. Also here you can find a detailed and visual description of the laying technology. In a branch of our forum there is a heated discussion about how much more expensive than metal tiles. We are discussing and. Our video clearly shows how to choose the right economy class roof. The roof consists of roofing trifles, and from which ones, you will learn from the second video. And if you want to mount a seam roof with your own hands, but don’t know how to do it, watch the video where our forum member talks in detail about all the intricacies and secrets of working with this coating!
An important stage in the construction of a house is the creation of a roof and the choice of roofing material. In addition to the fact that the roof protects the house from negative external factors, it is always in sight, so it should be beautiful and harmoniously fit into the design of the site.
What roofs exist: features of each type
Manufacturers offer a wide range of materials, so it is often difficult for homeowners to decide what to use for a roof. And in order to make the right decision, you should understand the advantages and disadvantages of popular roofing.
The roof can be protected with tiles, soft welded materials, sheet metal and other coatings - you just need to make a choice for a particular case.
Any roofing material must be waterproof, frost-resistant, meet the technical requirements for flexibility, heat and sound insulation.
There are many roofing materials, but each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.
When choosing a material for roofing, experts recommend paying attention to such indicators as:
- roof load - take into account snow and wind effects in a particular region, the weight of the roof along with insulation and lathing;
- architectural solution - take into account the shape, size and slope of the roof, as well as determine the optimal external design of the building;
- service life and fire resistance - take into account the purpose of the building: expensive and high-quality materials are usually used for the house;
- warranty obligations - some coatings have a service life much longer than the warranty.
For laying seam roofing, metal sheets (pictures) are used, which are fastened together with a special seam - a seam. These connections are: recumbent and standing, single and double. The folds are bent and sealed with a manual or electric tool.
You can bend the folds yourself using a hand tool
When creating paintings, apply:
- galvanized steel - thickness within 4–7 mm, service life 25 years;
- polymer-coated steel - a galvanized sheet is coated on the outside with a layer of polymer with the addition of color, service life 30–35 years;
- aluminum - serves 70–75 years;
- copper is an expensive solution, but the service life is about 100 years;
- zinc-titanium - has the longest service life, but it is difficult to stack. And work is carried out at an air temperature above 5 o C.
Seam roofing is characterized by high tightness of seams and good moisture resistance.
Such sheets are mounted on a roof with a slope exceeding 10 °. A crate or a solid base is made under them. Cleimers are used to fix the paintings to the crate. If the sheets are longer than 10 m, then they are fastened with "floating" clamps, which compensate for the thermal expansion of the material.
You can lay ready-made ordered paintings or use rolled material, which is cut directly on the construction site in strips of the required length. For this, special equipment is used. With this method of cutting, only a vertical connection is required, so the tightness of the coating will be high.
Seam roofing is reliable, but has its drawbacks during installation
Disadvantages of seam roofing:
- poor heat and sound insulation characteristics - a thick layer of insulation is required;
- installation requires special equipment and appropriate skills;
- metal surface - lightning protection (grounding) is needed.
From metal tiles
The metal tile outwardly resembles a natural one, but is made of galvanized sheets treated with colored polymers. Such a coating is applied from the outside of the sheet, and varnished from the inside. It turns out a durable, beautiful and durable roofing material.
Mounting a metal roof is quite easy and fast, even with your own hands.
The main advantages of metal tiles:
- light weight;
- variety of colors;
- simple installation;
- resistance to temperature extremes, natural and mechanical influences;
- affordable price.
Among the shortcomings, there is increased noise during rain, if the installation was incorrectly performed and the roof was not sufficiently insulated.
The metal tile is very similar to natural, but has less weight
There are several types of polymer coating:
- polyester - the most common option;
- polyurethane - increases the service life and cost of metal tiles;
- from special polymer compositions - a thickness of 35 microns, it is optimal for roofing.
Sheets of metal tiles are mounted on the crate, the pitch of which is 35–50 cm.
If the length of the roof slope is less than 7 meters, then a single sheet is used, and when it is longer, then the sheets are combined. If the slope angle is less than 14o, then the sheets are overlapped into 2 waves.
To prevent condensation from accumulating on the roofing material, it is necessary to correctly assemble the roofing cake from a vapor and waterproofing film, as well as two types of insulation.
From corrugated board
Roofing from corrugated board in terms of characteristics and method of installation is no different from metal tile. The main difference is only in their appearance.
Roofing from corrugated board differs from metal tiles only by a ribbed surface
Here, in the same way, a crate is made and a heater is laid.
The greater the slope of the roof, the thinner you can take the boards for the crate (but not less than 3 cm) and less often take its step (but not less than 0.3 m).
Sheets of corrugated board may differ in color, size, wave shape and thickness of the metal.
You can cover not only the roof of your own house with corrugated board, but also the top of an ordinary city balcony
From ceramic and cement-sand tiles
Despite the fact that new roofing materials are constantly appearing on the market, natural tiles do not lose their popularity.
Elements made of baked clay and dried cement-sand mixture do not transmit heat and have high porosity, so the roof made of such materials is warm and “breathable”, and no noise is heard in the house during rain.
Ceramic tiles are also produced in the form of individual scales, which can be laid out on the roof with patterns.
When choosing a covering made of natural tiles, it is important to take into account its large weight. Therefore, not only the truss system must be powerful, but also the entire supporting structure of the building: the foundation and walls. Another disadvantage is the fragility of the tiles, which complicates its transportation, unloading and installation.
Their different types of roof tiles are beautiful and outwardly neat.
Tiled roofing, when properly installed, is always reliable and beautiful. Despite the high cost of the material, such a roof is an excellent investment for the next 100 years.
According to the classification, ceramic tiles are divided into the following types:
- glazed - shiny and smooth, covered with a special glaze;
- natural - it is simply burned, not covered with anything;
- engobed - matte and resistant to fading in the sun, covered with a thin layer of clay suspension.
Membrane
This is one of the varieties of soft roofing used on flat roofs. On such a surface, you can organize a recreation area and even plant lawn grass.
Membrane roofing is quickly covered and easily attached
Membrane thickness from 0.8 to 2 mm. It is supplied in rolls with a width of 90 to 150 cm and a length of up to 60 m.
The service life of a properly installed membrane roof is 50 years or more. The manufacturer gives a guarantee for 20 years.
First, the membrane is unfolded, and then attached to the surface in one of the ways
Advantages of a membrane roof:
- light weight;
- resistance to damage - thanks to the reinforcing mesh;
- high elasticity - practically does not decrease over time;
- resistance to sunlight;
- high fire resistance;
- simplicity and speed of installation - a team of workers can cover 500–600 m 2 per shift.
The main disadvantage of this coating is that it costs 30–50% more than bituminous materials.
Membrane roofing is commonly used to cover flat roofs.
Several materials are used to create the base:
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
- synthetic rubber (EPDM);
- thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).
Membrane roof mounting methods:
- ballast - if the roof slope does not exceed 15 o. Ballast (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) is poured on top of the decomposed material or a cement-sand screed is poured. When using broken stone, mats or non-woven fabric (loose technical fabric) are additionally laid. Along the perimeter and all junctions, additional point fasteners are made;
With the ballast method of mounting a membrane roof, it is difficult to find damage sites if a leak appears under the roof
- mechanical - when the roof structure is not designed for the weight of the ballast. The laid membrane is attached along the perimeter with special rails, and to the surface - with telescopic and disk holders;
- gluing is not a very reliable installation method, therefore it is rarely used. It is enough to glue the membrane around the perimeter, in problem areas and where there is an overlap: for this, a double-sided adhesive tape is used;
- hot air welding - air with a temperature of up to 600 ° C is supplied through special equipment.
Hot air welding of the membrane coating is carried out with a device similar to a hair dryer: it simultaneously heats up and dries the edges, so it can be used even in the rain
Built-up roof
For flat roofs and slopes with a small angle, welded roll materials are used. And on the most complex roofs of any shape, soft tiles are used. The disadvantages of such tiles are the high price and the need to lay the elements on sheets of waterproof plywood. All welded materials consist of bitumen, which, when heated by a special burner, perfectly adheres to the surface.
Soft bituminous tiles allow you to cover roofs of various shapes and configurations due to their small size and ease of installation.
The tightness of such a roof and its service life directly depends on the quality of the welded elements and strict adherence to the installation technology. A soft roof can serve for 25 years. High performance characteristics are provided due to its complexity:
- Bottom layer: protects the roof from mechanical damage, sunlight and temperature changes;
- The second layer: from bitumen, serves to protect against moisture;
- Base: made of fiberglass, ensures the safety of the shape, does not allow the material to crack;
- Another layer of bitumen: for additional waterproofing;
- Top layer: slate or basalt dressing, protects the surface from damage.
The bottom of the material can be coated with fine stone sand, polymer, slurry or foil. All characteristics of the built-up roof are easy to learn from its marking.
Bituminous tiles under the influence of the sun are additionally heated and glued into one common layer
If the slope of the roof is more than 15 o, then two layers of the deposited web are laid, if it is 5–15 o, then 3 layers are required.
rolled
Roll materials are used on roofs, the angle of inclination of which is from 0 to 30 degrees.
More recently, the used roll materials served no more than 10 years, but now new coatings have appeared, the service life of which has increased to 25 years.
Rolls for soft roofs began to be produced in different colors, which made it possible to design roofs in unusual combinations.
Roll roofing materials can be of two types:
- the main ones are made on a base impregnated with viscous mixtures. They can be tar, bitumen or bitumen-polymer;
- baseless - various fillers are added to the binders and combined by heat treatment into a single canvas.
According to their structure, they are integumentary and non-integumentary.
Modern roll roofing can last 25-30 years
All roll roofing materials are divided into 4 generations of use:
- roofing material and glassine - based on roofing paper. Still popular due to low cost, although their service life is about 5 years;
- rubemast is an improved roofing material: it is designed to be welded, which is convenient for self-assembly. Fits easier and faster, but its service life is almost the same;
- glass roofing material - based on fiberglass or polyester. Service life reaches 15 years, and when laying in three layers - up to 30;
- membrane coating - service life of more than 30 years. Installation is carried out in warm weather: it is enough to remove the film, roll out the material and press it down.
Roll materials are fixed using roofing nails, bituminous mastic or a gas burner.
Roofing from welded roll material lasts longer if the laying technology is followed
liquid roof
Filling liquid roofing can be used both for the construction of a new roof, and as a repair of the old coating without dismantling the roofing materials.
Liquid roofing is made by pouring, painting and spraying
The main advantage of this roof is high reliability and long service life: liquid rubber is not afraid of temperature changes, resistant to mechanical damage and high humidity. You can safely walk on it without fear of slipping.
Types of liquid roofing:
- One-component: applied immediately after opening the container.
- Two-component: consists of different parts:
- bitumen-polymer emulsion - provides waterproofing characteristics;
- an aqueous solution of calcium chloride - helps the sprayed solution harden quickly.
For the installation of the second coating, special equipment is required, in which the two components are mixed at the outlet. This is a small machine, so it is convenient to use it on the roof. The applied composition hardens in a few seconds.
Applying liquid roofing during renovation increases the life of the previous coating
According to the method of application, liquid roofing can be painted, sprayed or poured. The basis under liquid rubber is carefully cleared. The composition is usually applied to a concrete or metal surface pre-coated with polyurethane. But rubber can also be sprayed onto rolled roofing, improving its performance.
Liquid rubber is sprayed in a thin layer over the rolled roof, creating additional protection for it.
Inversion
The inverted roof is resistant to wear and performs not only a protective function, but also has a functional and decorative purpose.
Such a roof is used on flat roofs, you can walk on it. Its main feature is that in it all layers are arranged in the reverse order: thermal insulation is on top, and waterproofing is on the bottom.
On the inverted roof, you can arrange recreation areas, playgrounds and even parking lots
The inversion roof is reliable, durable, does not collapse under the influence of negative external factors.
It is easy to mount: it is enough to remove the previous coating from a flat roof, and lay out a new one in the required order. Such a roof is usually actively exploited - cafes, parking lots, playgrounds are placed on it.
The inversion roof in translation means "coup", that is, all layers of the coating are turned upside down
Inverted roofing can be of three types:
- for minimal loads - used in private homes;
- for medium loads - a more durable insulation is laid, and covered with paving slabs or other material on top;
- for increased loads - an intermediate reinforcing layer is added, then reinforced concrete slabs are laid.
If in a private house the installation of an inverted roof is carried out on a concrete slab, then first it must be primed, then waterproofing, insulation and welded material should be laid.
Polycarbonate roofs are erected over terraces, verandas, balconies and other non-residential structures. For this, different types of specified material are used:
- profiled polycarbonate - monolithic corrugated sheets;
- cellular (cellular) polycarbonate - cellular structure, the length of the sheets is 6 and 12 m, it is produced in color and transparent;
- monolithic (cast) polycarbonate - solid sheets without voids, outwardly resemble glass. They are multi-layered: the top layer is rough, the second serves to delay ultraviolet radiation, and the third ensures the strength of the material.
If high roof loads are expected, then it is better to lay thicker polycarbonate
Advantages of polycarbonate:
- lightweight - does not require massive roof structures, quickly mounted;
- transmits light well;
- colored specimens add brightness to the interior of the building;
- flexible and resilient - the large sizes of the sheets make it possible to cover complex-shaped roofs;
- impact-resistant - does not break from any mechanical influences (falling branches, hitting stones);
- fireproof - fire does not spread over such a surface, it fades;
- resistant to strong temperature changes.
Fastening of polycarbonate is carried out on special self-tapping screws with press washers. The thickness of the sheets is made different.
For a greenhouse or a canopy, 4–10 mm will be enough, and to cover a large area, it is better to take sheets no thinner than 16 mm. If high loads on the roof are expected, then it is necessary to lay sheets with a thickness of 32 mm.
To create good illumination in the room, transparent polycarbonate is used, and when it is necessary to protect some space from overheating, colored sheets with reflective additives are placed above it.
Colored polycarbonate canopy regulates heat transfer under the roof and serves as a shelter from the sun's rays, reflecting ultraviolet
To build a roof of a certain shape, you first need to create a frame from metal or aluminum profiles, sometimes a wooden beam is used. But there are also special polycarbonate profiles: detachable and one-piece. And since they are also transparent, it seems that the structure is floating in the air.
From ondulin
In appearance, ondulin is similar to slate, but is made of elastic material.
Benefits of ondulin:
- almost zero water absorption;
- resistance to temperature changes;
- protection against damage by fungus, mold and insects;
- resistance to the effects of chemically active substances;
- protection against discoloration under the sun;
- light weight;
- simple installation;
- long service life.
Ondulin and slate fit in the same way, but certain features still exist.
Manufacturers recommend laying ondulin at temperatures from 0 to +30 ° C. If the roof slope is less than 10 degrees, then for fastening it is necessary to fill a continuous crate or plywood sheets. It is possible to carry out installation without a vapor and waterproofing film, but it is still better to lay it.
Installation of ondulin is carried out on a rare crate, and if the roof slope is less than 10 degrees, then the wooden base is nailed tightly, without gaps
Laying of ondulin sheets is carried out staggered, lateral overlap is done by 1–2 waves, and longitudinal by 20–30 cm (it all depends on the angle of inclination of the slope). Special nails are used on a wooden frame, and self-tapping screws are used on a metal frame.
from slate
Slate is considered a budget material. It is durable and easy to fit.
Slate is usually produced in gray, but you can paint it yourself or buy already painted sheets. Colored enamel not only changes the appearance of the slate coating, but also additionally protects against moisture.
A painted slate roof instantly updates the look of the entire home.
Its popularity is due to the presence of such advantages:
- does not rust, does not conduct electricity, does not burn;
- during repair allows you to replace one sheet;
- during a rain absorbs noise;
- does not warm up from the heat of the sun;
- serves at least 30-40 years;
Gray slate is a common roofing material for small private houses.
But this material also has a number of disadvantages:
- fragile;
- heavy;
- absorbs water, eventually cracks and becomes covered with moss;
- asbestos slate contains carcinogenic substances (it is better to use chrysolite-cement).
Slate sheets come with a different number of waves, but their length is always 175 cm. Slate is mounted on nails with wide flat caps.
thatched roof
It is believed that a thatched roof is already a relic, but now in many elite houses such a roof is used for covering. It can also be used not only straw, but also reed, heather, reeds. Such natural materials are highly flexible, which gives unlimited scope for design imagination.
Reed and straw roofs look unusual and are used to decorate private houses.
The thatched roof not only looks original and beautiful, it is also characterized by high heat saving.
A layer of plant cover of 30-35 cm protects the building from heat and cold no worse than modern thermal insulation materials. With a layer thickness of about 30 cm, the weight per square meter of the roof is only 35 kg.
Natural plant roof is a modern original solution with high performance
Do not think that a thatched roof is ignited by any spark. Before use, the material is treated with a flame retardant, and its dense laying reduces fire safety to the level of other types of roofing.
The service life of a thatched roof is 50 years or more, which is more than that of a profiled sheet or metal tile. Experts recommend laying such a coating on roofs with an angle of at least 35 degrees. The natural roof does not require the creation of a ventilation system and perfectly absorbs sounds.
Types of roofing of private houses
A private house can have a flat or pitched roof, but the second option is usually found. In this case, the following types of roofing materials are used:
- piece - natural, composite, cement-sand or bituminous tiles, slate roofing;
- sheet - metal tiles, profiled sheets, ondulin, slate, seam roofing;
- vegetable - from reed, reed, straw, heather.
When choosing a roofing material for a private house, one must take into account not only its performance characteristics, but also its appearance in order to make the building beautiful and original.
Video: choosing a roof for a private house
Types of roofing of apartment buildings
If an apartment building is 1-4 floors high, then a pitched roof is usually made in it, therefore, the same materials are used to cover it as in private housing construction.
In multi-storey buildings, the roof is always flat: rolled and built-up materials are used to cover it, or a membrane roof is laid. If the surface of a flat roof is planned to be exploited, then an inverted roof is mounted, on which you can walk and ride. Additionally, liquid roofing is used on the roofs of high-rise buildings: it perfectly protects against moisture, and is durable.
