How to fix the motion sensor on the inner corner. Choosing a motion sensor for lighting - what is important to know? Types of motion sensors

The first motion sensors were developed as a security tool to detect an unwanted visitor. A little later, they began to be used for "peaceful" purposes. It turned out that it is very convenient to let automation take care of comfort.

It is impossible to imagine a smart home without such equipment. For example, a person entering an unlit room does not have to look for a switch, since the lighting device is triggered when a person appears in the doorway.

They are used by those who are used to trusting technology and want to shift the care of lighting the right place at the right time to electronics. Where can you install a sensor that will allow you not to step into the dark or see a guest who has suddenly appeared? A list of installation locations for motion sensors to turn on the lighting is proposed:

front door to entrance
stairs to the basement
the basement itself
passage corridors or flights of stairs located inside the house and not having natural illumination in the daytime
Sufficiently illuminated during the day, but requiring safe overcoming in the dark, stairs, passages
bathroom

With regard to the bathroom, the motion sensor is more likely to turn off than turn on, since many simply forget to turn off the light in the toilet or bathroom.

If necessary, the motion sensor can be configured to turn on one or more household devices, such as a TV or air conditioner, instead of the light or together with it.

The best option in most indoor premises is duplicating it with a conventional switch. Such a scheme, as well as the installation scheme, is given in the passport or installation instructions for the purchased motion sensor to turn on the light. Be sure to read the instructions! Of course, and follow her instructions.

A motion sensor for lighting is far from being an extra device in order to save money!

Equipping a house and approaches to it with motion sensors allows not only to feel like the master of the Universe, but also to significantly reduce the amount of electricity bills. Savings occur due to the fact that only those lighting fixtures that are needed will be turned on.

Savings are easy to calculate. Even, constantly burning in the corridor due to the fact that natural light does not penetrate into it, it eats at least 100-150 watts per day. And how much per month? And how many and what power of such lamps throughout the house?

Everyone can identify sources of excess electricity consumption, their total power and estimate how long the money spent on installing sensors will pay off. Moreover, the average family is usually satisfied with relatively inexpensive passive sensors operating in the infrared radiation zone, that is, thermal ones.
There are also more advanced ones - ultrasonic and microwave. The basis of operation of all sensors is fundamentally the same, the difference is in the wavelength to which the device is tuned. Each type can be considered separately.

Principles of operation of various types of sensors

It is impossible to create a motion sensor with fixed parameters that would work normally in all conditions. In certain places of installation, the sensitivity of the sensor must be very fine, in others it is coarse enough.

The principle of operation of infrared or passive sensors

This type of sensors in a rough approximation can be associated with the operation of a directional thermometer, since its operation depends on the appearance of a heat source in its visibility zone. For it to work flawlessly, a preliminary setting is required, which is provided by the functionality of the device. For example, the infrared sensor is set to the appearance of an adult, and a child enters the room.

The body temperature of both may be the same, but the amount of heat emitted by the body and captured by the sensor is not the same. If you adjust the sensor to a minimum, then it will start to work on the appearance of a dog or cat, which absolutely does not require lighting. Most of the manufactured models of infrared sensors require manual, in fact, configuration.

How Ultrasonic Motion Detection Works

The principle of operation of the ultrasonic sensor is "active", in contrast to the passive infrared. It uses the fixation of the reflected high-frequency signal from objects in the field of view. The movement of one of them or the appearance of a new one violates the "remembered" picture, and the sensor is triggered. The work takes place in the mode of constant scanning of the specified area. The ultrasonic sensor belongs to active devices, it constantly, at specified intervals, sends a signal and analyzes the reflected one. Accordingly, the cost of this device is several times higher than infrared. Despite the reliability, in relation to the inclusion of lighting devices, such a sensor is rarely used, more often it is used for security purposes.

Advantages and disadvantages of microwave sensors

Microwave sensors are the most versatile due to the fact that they constantly scan the entire area under their control, which allows you to completely trust the technology: the sensor will not disregard any movement and turn on a signal or another device. Due to the high cost of devices, the use of microwave sensors in everyday life is not yet very common.

Choosing a sensor and a place for its installation

After determining the places that it is desirable to equip with motion sensors to turn on the light, you can proceed to the selection of the sensors themselves. Please note that the versions can be designed for installation indoors or outdoors. Sensors intended for outdoor operation can withstand significant climatic loads (humidity, ambient temperature), while indoor sensors cannot work normally outdoors.

Before you place a motion sensor in a room, you need to determine what action should cause the light to turn on. For example, opening a door or the appearance of a person in the field of view of the device requires the installation of different types of sensors. Infrared for simply opening the door will not work until a person crosses the threshold, by definition: he reacts to the heat radiated by the body or object. Automatic switching on of the light with a simple opening of the door can be provided by an ultrasonic or microwave motion sensor.

Structurally, the sensors also differ in viewing angle. For example, ceiling-mounted motion sensors to turn on the light can cover up to 360 degrees of space, wall-mounted from 90 to 240 degrees.

The sensor is installed in place in strict accordance with the instructions attached to it. At the time of connecting voltage to the sensor, the network must be de-energized. It is more reasonable to entrust the installation of the sensor and, if necessary, the backup switch to a professional electrician.

What do you need to know about setup?

After connecting by trial and error, adjustment is made. The sequence of this process is also given in the instructions for the device.

In most motion sensors, two parameters can be adjusted to turn on the light: the response time and the dependence of the response on the level of general illumination. Lighting control is necessary when installing in rooms where natural light penetrates during the daytime. In other cases, you can set a minimum.

According to the response time, the sensor is adjusted in such a way that the lighting duration is sufficient for a certain action. Most manufactured devices allow you to set this time in the range from a few seconds to 10 minutes.

Immediately equip the whole house with "smart" assistants, one of which are motion sensors, is problematic and costly. But to equip the most problematic corner with such a sensor and forget about the inconvenience forever is simple, fast and inexpensive. After it, very soon there will be sensors in other rooms, and, possibly, in the yard! Comfort is easy to get used to.

Video about connecting motion sensors

Better to see once than hear a hundred times! Therefore, see an overview of the most common types of equipment and connection methods.

Light sensor LXP-02 and LXP-03. Mounting

In the article, we will consider the issues of mounting and connecting the light sensor. Electrical diagrams of the most popular models of light sensors are also given.

I remind you that this device is widely used in the field of home automation to turn on / off electric lighting, depending on the level of illumination on the street. The names may be different - a light sensor, a light sensor, a light control switch or a photo relay, but the essence is the same.

I spoke in detail about such a sensor in the first part of the article -. There, its device, operation and characteristics are considered in detail.

So I'll get straight to the point:

Light sensor connection

I will give three options for the connection diagram, they are all identical, the only difference is in the way they are displayed.

1. Scheme by analogy with a motion sensor

The connection diagram of the light sensor is completely the same as. Only the “stuffing” of the sensors differs.

The circuit is taken from the article about the motion sensor, link above.

2. Wiring diagram of the light sensor from the instructions

Here is how the light sensor connection diagram is given in the instructions:

Light sensor LXP. Connection diagram from the instructions

3. Connection based on photo sensor

For those who like everything to be “on the fingers”, I give the following picture:

A little explanation on the connection diagrams:

Phase comes to the brown wire.
Zero is connected to the blue wire.
The load is connected to the red wire (the first output of the lamp).
The second output of the lamp is connected to zero (the same place as the blue wire of the sensor)

It is worth adding that light sensors can be connected in the same way as ordinary switches - in series and in parallel, if necessary. An example can be seen in the article about.

So, we figured out the connection, now

Mounting the light sensor

It would seem, what is there wiser? I screwed it on (see the picture at the beginning of the article), connected it, set it up, and that's it! But it happens that the installation site is chosen unsuccessfully, and problems begin.

In our street at one time, street lamps turned on intricately in the evening. They turn on, go out, turn on again, and so on with a period of about 1 minute. Then, with the onset of good darkness, they turned on completely.

Why is that? It's just that the light sensor was mistakenly installed in the lighting zone of the switched on lamp. It turns out: it became dark - the sensor worked - the lantern caught fire - it became light - the sensor turned off - it became dark ... And so on, a vicious circle.

Setup and Calibration

When setting up the light sensor, it is important to use the black bag that comes with the sensor. This bag serves to simulate the night.

Bag for setting the light sensor

Of the settings in the light sensor - only the light level control (LUX). It sets the level at which the sensor's internal relay is triggered.

The level setting is described in more detail in the description of the circuit diagram, below.

There are the simplest light sensors (for example, LXP-01), in which there are no adjustments at all. There are advanced ones, where there is still a regulator of the on / off delay time.

Well, now the most interesting -

Light sensor circuits

Undoubtedly, for a quick and easy repair of the light sensor, you need its circuit, according to which it will immediately become clear what is connected where and how it works. Below are a couple of sensor circuits and repair recommendations. There will be questions about the repair - ask in the comments.

The circuit is drawn exactly from the board, which is shown at the link at the beginning of the article. It should be noted that the manufacturer is constantly working on improving its device (price / quality), so the scheme may change.

Light sensor LXP-02. Schematic diagram

But the principle remains the same:

The supply voltage of 220 Volts is supplied through the terminals L (phase) and N (zero).

Phase and zero can be “mixed up”, as in principle it is possible (but not recommended) to turn off zero, and not phase in conventional switches. Only safety and common sense suffer.

The voltage is rectified by a diode bridge (4 diodes of type 1N4007), filtered (smoothed) by an electrolytic capacitor, and stabilized at + 22 ... 24 Volts by a zener diode of type 1N4748.

Further, a constant voltage feeds the rest of the circuit, which works like this. At the output of the resistive divider 68k - VR - Photoresistor, a voltage is formed that is inversely proportional to the illumination. The VR trimmer with a resistance of 1 MΩ is the same “twist” with which the desired response level is set.

It is not a fact that a photoresistor is installed in such circuits, a photodiode may also be present, but the principle is the same.

If you want to save electricity - set the maximum resistance, turn it clockwise ( LUX-), and it will work when it is already completely dark.

And if you want the street lighting to turn on from the slightest cloud, turn the knob in the other direction ( LUX+).

At the onset of darkness, the illumination decreases, the resistance of the photoresistor increases, the voltage at the base of the transistor increases. And it reaches such a level that the transistor opens, a current flows through the collector, sufficient to turn on the relay KA. The relay with its contacts turns on the load, which is connected through the output LOAD.

At the same time, the LED lights up, and the 47 uF capacitor in the base circuit smooths out all processes so that the relay does not click too quickly, for example, if it is blocked by a tree branch swaying from the wind.

In conclusion - a diagram of a more powerful model, LXP-03:

Connecting lighting through a motion sensor allows not only saving energy, but also adding comfort and convenience to our homes. The choice of installation site, connection diagrams and verification do not require a high level of skill, so almost every home master can do it.

Ceiling sensors with a circular view are usually mounted in the center of the room, or at its highest point. Much more installation options are available for wall-mounted appliances.

For staircase lighting

In an apartment building, it is best to negotiate with all residents of the entrance and install a common lighting system for all its spans. If such consent could not be achieved, it is possible to make personal lighting of the entrance door to the apartment by installing a sensor above it and setting it to the minimum response sensitivity, only when approaching directly.

In a country house or cottage, you can mount a staircase lighting system that sequentially turns on the lights when moving along it. In the minimum version, only two devices are required: at the bottom and at the top.

In the utility room

In the technical room of the house, in the garage, pantry or other similar places, it is most advisable to install a light switch combined with a motion sensor, which is best mounted opposite the front door so that it works when it is opened.
Upon entering the room, the lighting will turn on for a time sufficient to switch it to a constant mode. It is possible to organize separate systems: a low-power standby lamp is switched on from the sensor, and the main lighting is switched on independently by its switch.

For street lighting

Outside, sensors and lighting devices can be installed above the entrance gate, the entrance to the house, garage, bathhouse, gazebo or other premises. You can put separate sensors for each street lamp in the garden or on the path near the house. For the purposes of street lighting, sensors with an outdoor brightness analyzer should be used, which operate only at dusk.

Now on the lighting market, you can find options for LED lamps for outdoor lighting, combined with solar panels and motion sensors. They do not require external power supply lines. There are also wireless models that run on batteries or rechargeable batteries. For the same purposes, the rational use of electricity at home is established.

The sensors have plastic housings that must be protected from shock or other damage. Particular care should be taken with the plastic Fresnel lens, which is an important component of the optical system of the device.

When installed outdoors, make sure that the devices are not exposed to direct sunlight and precipitation. In such cases, it is better to provide for the installation of protective visors for them. It should also be taken into account that sensors in windy weather can be triggered by the movement of branches located near trees.

Indoors, these devices are not recommended to be placed near heating devices. It is desirable that hot batteries or stoves also do not fall into their field of vision. To do this, you can adjust the height and vertical angle of the device accordingly.

When working with mains voltage, the safety regulations must be strictly observed. When connecting the supply wires to the devices, it is necessary to de-energize them with a switch on the power board or by unscrewing the fuse plugs. If there is no complete confidence in the correct, accurate and safe performance of all instrument installation procedures, it is better to entrust this to professional masters.

How to connect an infrared motion sensor - detailed instructions

To mount the device, it is necessary to choose a place that provides the best viewing angles both horizontally and vertically with the maximum coverage area. Most infrared motion sensors have a dead zone, the location of which should be taken into account when choosing their height and angle of inclination. If the sensor is made in a fixed housing and does not have positioning adjustment, then it is necessary to check the technical data sheet for the correct placement of the device. Mounting the device on the wall must be reliable, allowing its subsequent orientation in space.
Before connecting the motion sensor to the light, you should unscrew the back cover and carefully study the attached connection diagram. Unlike a conventional light bulb, this device usually requires not only a phase, but also a neutral wire.

Did you know that the answer to the question is not so unambiguous.
And in appearance, a very simple process of connecting a switch to an ordinary light bulb requires taking into account many different nuances - from the installation of electrical wiring to the installation of a light bulb in the wall. All details can be studied.

And if there is a terminal for connecting a protective earth inside, then it is necessary to ensure its presence at the installation site. Therefore, the usual wiring of the lighting network is not suitable for connecting the device. It is necessary to reconnect the wires in the junction box or bring an additional wire from the box or outlet.

We decide on a suitable installation scheme for the motion sensor

Inside the device, there is usually a terminal block, on which standardly colored and labeled contacts are displayed:

L, brown or black - phase wire.
N, blue - neutral wire.
A, Ls or L’, red - phase return to lighting lamps.
⊥, yellow-green - protective earth.

Connection of lighting devices should be carried out between contacts A and N. Supply power to the electrical network to L and N, strictly observing the phase connection.

Single sensor

The classic standard switching circuit.

With switch

Allows you to bypass the sensor by applying voltage directly to the fixture.

Multiple sensors

Usually used for rooms with complex configurations, long corridors and passages, stairwells.

In addition to connection contacts, many models of infrared sensors have adjustment elements:

DAY LIGHT or LUX - light sensitivity threshold.
TIME - operation timer.
SENSE - sensitivity.

How to check if devices are connected correctly

It is best to check the performance of these devices before installing them by connecting them according to a temporary scheme. This is especially true for simple models that do not have any adjustment bodies. If, after installation, they do not work as expected, the problem is most likely due to improper installation.

More complex samples of devices can also be checked for their serviceability by assembling a temporary connection diagram and setting the illumination threshold control to the maximum position, and the timer to the minimum.
If the device has an indicator LED, then there is no need to even connect the load, its inclusion when motion is detected by the sensor will indicate that the device is working. If the switch in the device is an electromagnetic relay, then its clicking will also indicate the health of the device. After completing the installation work, it is imperative to carry out the procedure for adjusting the motion sensor for lighting.

Setting and adjusting motion sensors for lighting

All customizable parameters are set in each specific room strictly individually. As a rule, after the initial installation, more fine tuning of the parameters during operation is required until the most suitable values are determined.

The usual limits for adjusting the timer operation time are set in most devices from a few seconds to ten minutes. The light sensitivity threshold can only be set in devices that have an appropriate light sensor. It determines the brightness of daylight at which the device stops supplying voltage to lighting fixtures.

Setting the sensitivity of the sensor is the most subtle and capricious setting. In any case, the sensor should respond to the appearance of a person in the room, not pets. When changing the viewing angle of the device, it is often necessary to adjust its sensitivity as well.

Video on how to connect the motion sensor correctly

What is a light sensor and what is it for? This device has many names, for example, a light sensor, a light control switch, a twilight switch, a photo sensor or a photo relay. It is intended solely to save electrical energy and is a small device with various microcircuits inside, connected to an electrical circuit.

Nowadays, there are a huge number of various devices of this type. For example, a motion sensor that closes the circuit when there is movement in its field of activity. An individual feature of the photorelay is the ability to change the power of artificial lighting depending on the level of natural light. Recently, these sensors are gaining more and more popularity and are widely used together with lamps for street lighting at night, with lighting fixtures in stairwells, etc.

In this article, we will just talk about how to connect a photo relay, and a detailed diagram for connecting a photo relay for street lighting will be presented.

The principle of operation of the twilight switch and its connection diagram

This device has a simple structure. A special part is installed inside it, called a photosensitive element. Usually it is a photodiode or a photoresistor. Each of these elements is able to increase or decrease the resistance inside the sensor, focusing on the level of natural light. This process causes the voltage inside the photoelectric relay to increase or decrease, and the lighting fixture starts to produce artificial light or turns off.

In simple terms, the light sensor works like a switch, but it happens automatically. The amount of light flux at which the photo relay (switch-on sensor) is triggered is manually adjusted and does not require special knowledge.

Design features of light sensors

These devices are similar in design. As a rule, sensors are a small plastic box that is mounted on the wall or on the body of the lighting fixture itself.

Installing a photorelay takes a little time and saves a sufficient amount of electrical energy. The twilight sensor pays for itself in the shortest possible time.

Connecting a photorelay for street lighting in high power conditions involves minor changes in the installation process. In this case, the device is connected through a magnetic starter.

If it is planned to install several light sensors, then in this case they are connected in parallel.

There are also devices that have a remote sensor. This design feature allows you to install a lighting device together with a photorelay in places inaccessible to natural light.

Modern technologies do not stand still, the lighting control scheme is changing along with them. Adjusting the brightness of the light, lighting time and other indicators can be adjusted and maintained automatically via a computer and the Internet.

Photo sensor connection diagram

The figure shows a generalized standard scheme for connecting a light sensor. Manufacturers of these devices are constantly improving the design and making adjustments to the schemes and modes of operation. It all depends on the ratio of the cost of the photo relay to the quality of its manufacture.

Principles of measuring the level of illumination with a twilight sensor

Above, the scheme for installing a photorelay sensor for street lighting was described. But with what help does the photorelay determine the moment when it is necessary to close or open the electrical circuit? These devices use sensing elements made of different semiconductor metals, which are mounted at the place of the sensor where natural light falls. At the point of contact of these metals, a small electrical impulse arises, which gives a further command to close the entire circuit. Consider the main varieties of these elements (the principle of their work):

A visual step-by-step process of connecting a flashlight to a photo relay on a conventional stand

The wiring diagram for a light sensor for street lighting of a small area will be described below. To do this, we need a lamp, previously screwed into the cartridge, and the photo relay itself.

For greater clarity, we will install on the stand. To do this, we attach the light sensor and the lamp in the cartridge next to each other, which will symbolize the lamp.

Next, you should connect the zero and input phases to the light sensor itself (as a rule, the connection points are marked on the case).

By inserting special rubberized plugs into these holes, you can connect the wires. These rubber plugs protect well from dust and other harmful external influences.

"Expert Tip": The input wire connections should point downwards when mounting the sensor to increase protection against moisture and dust.

Before connecting, we clean the ends of the wires well (by about 1 cm).

input phase;
zero phase;
protective phase (grounding).

In a similar way, wires are connected to the lighting fixture itself. We bring the input and zero phases to the cartridge, and the ground phase is connected to the body of the device for lighting.

The last step will be to adjust the sensitivity of the regulator of our photosensor. This completes the installation process, it remains only to replace the protective cover and tighten the bolts.

This is how the whole procedure for connecting the light sensor and the lighting fixture to the electrical circuit looks like. It is not difficult, you just need to follow the correct order of connecting the wires. Otherwise, you can get negative consequences, up to a short circuit or even a fire.

The procedure for connecting a photo relay for street lighting to diode light sources or spotlights is similar to that described above and is not particularly difficult.

Technical data of twilight switches

The main parameters for the operation of the photorelay are prescribed in the GOSTs and the technical documentation of the devices. These indicators are selected taking into account the realities of use in our country, however, there are analogues of these light sensors on the market. Before purchasing the appliance, you should always make sure that the appliance will work correctly when connected to our electrical circuit.

The main characteristics of light sensors:

the value of the rated supply voltage;
power indicators of electrical energy consumption and the level of heat load on the lighting device;
operating conditions in certain climatic zones (precipitation, dust, high or low ambient temperature, etc.);
indicators of photosensitivity;
varieties and types of devices (switched, luminescent and energy-saving).

Disadvantages of twilight switches

Along with the undeniable advantages, photo relays also have a number of significant disadvantages, which are also worth mentioning in this article.

Unlike a motion sensor, light sensors are not capable of illuminating a certain place at the right moment. The light lights up at once on all lighting fixtures, and lighting occurs in a not entirely rational way. Only one lamp can work or all at once at the same time.

These devices are very sensitive to external influences and weather conditions. Especially often they react negatively to ordinary dust. Also, the device may not work quite adequately in case of a sudden change in the weather, for example, with the influx of dark clouds, it may “think” that it is night and turn on the lights.

Photorelays with adjustable lighting level are distinguished by their high price tag relative to their counterparts.

Conclusion

Summing up this article, I would like to note the undeniable benefits of using light sensors. After carefully reading this text, you will find expert recommendations on how to connect the sensor to street lighting, how to properly configure the sensor, how to connect this device to a street lamp or a lamp in a stairwell, and much more. By installing this fixture on lighting fixtures, you can already begin to calculate profits.

The relative simplicity of the entire design of the photorelay and the rather simple installation process will not require special knowledge in the field of electrical engineering from a person. It is only necessary to have initial knowledge in this area, carefully study the instruction manual for the sensor, and you can safely install the photorelay with your own hands.

The extensive use of LED lighting devices in conjunction with a photocell gives a visible result in the field of cost savings, especially in areas that require a large area of illumination. It is worth recalling that when choosing this kind of sensors and their subsequent purchase, you should carefully study all the data indicated on the package. Foreign analogues, which are now very numerous on the Russian market, may simply not be adapted to work in our electrical circuits.

How it works?

The principle of operation, which has a motion sensor to turn on the light, is to use a sensor (pyroelectric device). It functions very precisely by increasing the voltage at the output, subject to an increase in the level of IR radiation compared to the general background. The light is turned on by an internal sensor relay.

Regardless of the type of device, the output signals that the presence sensor receives to turn on the light, depending on the need, go directly to the controller, which issues control signals to the control point:

alarm;
relay for turning on the light;
ventilation system;
room air conditioning system.

This helps the "smart home" be extremely useful for the owners.

For example, while you open the door, the house has already begun to ventilate the room, filling it with fresh air. Or, on the contrary, it starts airing or cooling when there is no one in the room.

Types of motion sensors

On the modern market, you can find many devices that somehow determine the presence of someone in the house or on the street. The general concept of "motion sensor to turn on the light" can be divided into 4 types, depending on the main sensor element:

IR sensor to turn on the light (infrared).
Ultrasonic sensor (ultrasonic).
Microwave sensors (microwave).
Combined.

In addition, there is a sound sensor to turn on the light and a cotton sensor.

Each of them is installed in a certain place and performs its functions most well with the correct, rational installation.

IR sensor

The infrared light sensor for turning on the light detects changes in the thermal radiation of living beings or other objects (such as a car) using several lenses that are indicators.

Advantages:

Improved accuracy.
Wide temperature range of use.
Harmless to pets.

Flaws:

Excessive sensitivity to household appliances (batteries, air conditioners).
Reaction to sunlight.
Lack of fixation of objects covered with non-transmitting radiation materials.

Purpose of the infrared motion sensor

The main tasks of infrared sensors are:

Saving electricity. The light will only turn on when it is actually needed.
Presence effect. When the sensor is installed on the street in front of the gate on the site, in the entrance, on the windows of the lower floors, during its operation, there is a feeling that someone is at home. This, on the one hand, causes a feeling of comfort, and on the other hand, it scares off robbers and bandits.

Despite all its usefulness, it happens that this light sensor for turning on the light gets on people's nerves. Not everyone likes his ability to soothe and take care of the lights on.

You can often hear: “What is he clicking there?”, “Do I now have to move all the time so that the light is on?”, “And if I don’t want it to be on?”

The answer to all these questions is one, and it is quite simple: when installing the sensor, you only need to use a few additional switches that will ideally suit the requirements of the residents and create the possibility of comfortable operation of the system.

The very scheme for connecting the sensor to turn on the light will be described a little later in this article.

ultrasonic sensors

Measurement of the surrounding space using sound waves is the prerogative of ultrasonic sensors. They generate sound waves that bounce off objects whenever they move. The frequency of these reflections is continuously measured, and a kind of echo sounder is obtained. The signal is sent to the sensor receiver and gives a command to turn the lighting on or off.

Such sensors are most often used in the automotive industry to create parking sensors.

Advantages:

Possibility of installation on large areas.
Insensitivity to weather conditions.
Resistant to dirt and dust.
Compatibility with different body materials.
The widest possible temperature range for operation.

Flaws:

Sensitivity of pets to ultrasound.
Prolonged use may cause headache.

Microwave sensors

The microwave darkness sensor for turning on the light works by emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves, which, when they hit the object, are reflected, and the quality of these reflections is fixed by the sensor. Any changes in the signal will start the program set by the owner.

Advantages:

The ability to detect objects behind obstacles.
Resistance to aggressive environment.

Flaws:

Not safe for the human body.

It can be installed only where the passability of people is minimal.

Combined sensors

Combined light sensors for turning on the light imply a symbiosis of several object detection technologies at once.

Advantages:

Possibility of the most precise work.
Full control of the area required for monitoring.
Wide range of customization options.

Flaws:

Installation can only be carried out by a specialist.
If one of the systems fails, a complete reconfiguration will be required.

Cotton gauges

Many have seen such a device in films, but not everyone was lucky enough to experience it in person. How great it is: you went to bed, but you forgot to turn off the light. Warm bed does not want to let go. The solution is cotton, and the light is extinguished. Do you need to turn on the light urgently? Clap - and the room lights up again.

Remote control of light, no doubt, is very convenient. But do not confuse the cotton switch and the acoustic switch (it will be discussed below).

Such a device works differently than a light sensor to turn on the light.

With it, you can adjust not only the lighting, but also:

ventilation;
transformers;
any electrical equipment.

Important! Be sure to comply with load power limits.

Action algorithm:

The first clap - turn on the voltage.
The second clap is a shutdown.

Very simple, agree.

The cotton sensor is a kind of noise sensor for turning on the light. This means that its installation is advisable only in those rooms where the stationary noise level is not too high. And especially not where the holiday is planned. The applause of the guests can arrange a real disco light music.

Ideal room:

utility room;
basement;
pantry;
bedroom;
children's room.

Where not to install a cotton sensor:

crowded premises;
offices;
production rooms;
workshops, etc.

It is highly recommended to install such equipment in the children's room. This is not only convenient, but also provides additional security for your child. Ordinary switches are high enough, and children have to either climb up or ask their parents for help. The frequency of falls from a chair in such a situation is impressive, and injuries are very high. Cotton is a good alternative.

It is also useful for people with disabilities.

Acoustic sensors

The difference between this type of switch and the previous one is insignificant, but there is. Acoustic sensor responds absolutely to any sound exceeding a predetermined threshold in decibels. Its installation is advisable in the entrances in order to save electricity.

As soon as the door slams, footsteps are heard, the light turns on, and it turns off a few seconds after everything is quiet. An important difference: cotton reacts only to claps!

Motion sensor parameters

Of course, each automatic light switch sensor has its own parameters, but in general there are certain performance standards:

Voltage - 220-240 V and 50 Hz.
Delay timer (on time) - 2-8 seconds.
Voltage supply time - set using the regulator.
Sensitivity to light - 2-1000 Lux. Installed on the switch. The minimum number of modes is 2 on the simplest models. To be clear: 100 Lux means that the sensor will only work in the dark. At maximum settings, the sensor's capabilities are not limited by the degree of illumination.
The viewing distance is up to 15 meters. When combining different types of sensors, this parameter can be increased.
The response speed is 0.5-1.5 milliseconds. If the object moves slowly, and its temperature (clothing) merges with the general thermal background, the sensors do not work. Moving too fast also causes detection problems.
Maximum current - may be different, depending on the area in which the sensor will be used, from the required minimum to 1500 watts. The load power is determined by the electromagnetic relay.
Viewing angle - 360 degrees for ceiling sensors. For wall - from 100 (for corner) to 180 (for a straight wall). Height becomes a decisive factor in viewing opportunities: the higher, the more.

IR sensor circuits

The volume sensor for turning on the light is not as difficult to install as it might seem at first glance. A basic knowledge of electromechanics is sufficient.

For example, we use the Chinese LX-01 sensor and connect it to a conventional incandescent lamp.

Wiring diagram for the light switch sensor (algorithm of actions):

Choose the sensor model you like.
Determine the location for the installation.
Consider the layout of the room (windows, doors, people movement patterns, tall furniture).

Important! If there are no windows in the room, then this is an advantage, because the sensor does not have to be additionally adjusted to the degree of illumination - the room is always dark. If the room has doors on each wall, the sensor of the selected type will have to be fixed in the corner, since it has a viewing angle of 120 degrees.

Study the network connection diagram, which is always attached to the instructions.
Do not connect the sensor differently, do not confuse the wires, otherwise you will hear a pop when you turn it on, and the device will be permanently damaged.
If necessary, add a control switch to the circuit so that you can adjust the lighting manually.
Ring all wires before connecting the device to the network using a tester.
Connect the wire coming from the switch to the lamp to the red contact of the sensor.
The wire on the other side of the switch is to the brown contact.
To the blue contact - a wire suitable for the lighting fixture not from the side of the light bulb.

Important! Be sure to follow all safety precautions when working with electricity:

Put on thick rubber gloves.
Turn off the electricity in the apartment.
After completing the work, insulate the bare wires.

It remains only to hang the sensor on the wall and check its performance! To do this, leave the room and close the doors behind you.

Enter the room. The first time the motion sensor to turn on the light sometimes works with a delay. It's not a big deal, you'll be able to adjust the settings later using the controller.

If you installed a cotton or acoustic sensor - make the appropriate sound. Happy using!