How to make a monolithic ceiling correctly: a typical device and an installation example. Monolithic overlap with your own hands. Calculation, preparation and installation of formwork How to make formwork for a monolithic floor

Ceilings in brick, block and concrete houses are in most cases made of reinforced concrete (learn more about). It is these structures that can guarantee the strength, reliability and durability of the structure. Most of the floors are reinforced concrete slabs laid in a certain order. Laying is carried out by several workers using a crane. However, there are times when the use of a crane is not possible or the structure has a non-standard shape. In this case, a monolithic reinforced concrete floor is created. In addition, in some situations, a monolithic overlap may be the most profitable option.

The process of pouring a monolithic ceiling is quite complicated, and only professionals can do some of the steps. Studying the technology of creating a monolithic floor slab will allow you to independently perform most of the work and control the construction moments when the work is done by hired people.

Formwork creation

A monolithic slab floor is poured into a horizontal formwork, which can be made independently or purchased ready-made. The use of ready-made formwork provides two advantages: the first is that the structure is collapsible, and the second is that it comes with telescopic supports. With their help, the formwork is installed at the same level.

By the way, earlier we considered, .

However, many private developers prefer do-it-yourself formwork. In this case, it is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

• For manufacturing, it is necessary to take an edged board with a thickness of 25-35 mm or sheets of plywood with a thickness of 20 mm. In the first case, it becomes necessary to tightly fit the boards to each other, and if there are gaps, it is recommended to use a waterproofing material. Plywood sheets allow you to get a more even surface, while the risk of cracks is minimized.
• Vertical racks can be made from timber or logs with a diameter of 8-15 cm. Install supports at a distance of 1 meter from each other and 20 cm from the walls. The height of the posts is adjusted according to the height of the wall, the upper edge of the formwork and the upper edge of the wall must be at the same level.
• Crossbars are laid on top of the racks. For this purpose, a beam, I-beam or channel is suitable.
• Horizontal formwork is laid directly on the crossbars. First there are transverse beams, then plywood or boards.
• The installation of the vertical parts of the formwork is carried out taking into account the approach to the walls by about 15-20 cm. Therefore, the vertical fence of the slab should be located at such a distance from the inner level of the wall.
• The horizontality of the formwork and its even position is determined using a building level or level.

Rules for reinforcing a monolithic floor slab

The creation of a reinforcing frame can be called one of the crucial moments (read about in detail), therefore, when performing the process, it is important to follow a few rules:

• The best option for reinforcing the floor slab is hot-rolled steel reinforcement of class A3 with a diameter of 8-14 mm.
• The reinforcement is recommended to be laid in two layers: the first is placed in the lower part of the slab, the second - in its upper part. At the same time, it is necessary to create a gap of 20-25 cm from the lower and upper edges of the ceiling. For this purpose, special plastic clamps are used, which are preferably installed at the junctions of the reinforcement rods.
• The distance from the formwork walls to the outer bars of the reinforcement must be more than 2 cm. However, it should be remembered that the mesh of the reinforcement must necessarily go onto the walls. Moreover, if the walls are built of brick, then the overlapping distance can be more than 15 cm, the mesh can go on walls of aerated concrete blocks by 25 cm or more.
• For knitting rods, use a special knitting wire.
• The mesh size of the reinforcing mesh depends on the floor area. The standard dimensions are 15*15cm, for small ceilings you can use grids with cells of 20*20cm.
• With insufficient length of the rod, you can build up. In this case, an overlap should be made, the length of which is approximately equal to 40 rod diameters.

Self-preparation and pouring of concrete solution

To create a monolithic floor, you can prepare a concrete solution using standard technology. Her recipe contains the following ingredients:

• Screened river sand.
• Crushed stone or gravel.
• Cement brand M400 or M500.
• Water.

The material should be taken in a certain proportion, which most often looks like this: 1 part of crushed stone and 2 parts of sand are taken for 1 part of cement (we considered separately). To prepare the solution, all components are mixed in dry form, then water is added in small portions. The finished mixture should resemble thick sour cream in consistency. It is easier and faster to knead the concrete solution in a concrete mixer, but if it is not available, you can take a large trough and invite several assistants.

A monolithic floor slab is poured in two stages:

1. First you need to shed the reinforcing cage. At this stage, great care should be taken, the supply of concrete should be carried out in small batches, without sudden movements. Otherwise, the formwork structure may be deformed. The fill should not be too thick. The main goal at this stage is to achieve maximum filling of all cavities. After pouring, the concrete is carefully pierced in several places with a rebar or shovel to remove excess air and allow the mortar to penetrate into unfilled places. Then gently smooth the surface.
2. The second stage involves finishing pouring, which will require concrete of a thicker consistency. The recipe for preparing the solution remains the same, only water is taken in a smaller volume. The final filling is carried out in several stages. First, a layer of small height is slowly and evenly poured. It should not reach the edge of the formwork by 2-3 cm. The concrete surface is leveled and the structure is left to set. Then a solution of medium density is prepared, for which they take water, one part of cement and three parts of sand. The slab is poured with the finished solution to the upper edge of the formwork and leveled with a rule, trying to achieve a perfectly smooth and even surface.

Using beacons for pouring concrete mortar

After finishing pouring, the surface of the concrete floor slab should acquire perfect evenness. For this purpose, you can use beacons that are set at a certain level. The distance between the beacons should correspond to the width of the rule, that is, about one and a half meters. When placing beacons, they use the building level, periodically checking the correct installation.

Rules for the care of concrete during the hardening period

It is possible to achieve a high-quality result when pouring a monolithic floor slab if the concrete is properly cured.

The hardening concrete solution releases a large amount of heat, which leads to a strong evaporation of moisture from the surface. As a result, concrete begins to crack and its strength characteristics are significantly reduced. Regular watering of the concrete surface with water in the first two to three days helps to solve the problem. Pouring water on open concrete is not recommended, so you can first cover it with old rags or burlap.

In hot summertime, you can cover the surface with plastic wrap, which will also prevent strong evaporation.

Concrete dries for a long time, it takes a certain time to achieve a certain strength:

• Concrete gains 30% strength in three days.
• About 80% strength - after two weeks.
• Full strength is achieved after 28 days.

We considered this issue in more detail in the article.

To check, you can use the following method: roofing material is placed on the concrete and left overnight. If in the morning a dark spot formed under it, then the concrete has not dried out yet.

The formwork structure begins to be dismantled after 10-15 days after the last watering, however, further construction work can only be started after the concrete has gained full strength.

The construction of a monolithic floor slab requires a lot of effort, patience and time; an easier way is to purchase ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. However, it should be noted that the second option requires significant material costs. As for self-production, in this case you can get both material benefits and building experience. The main condition is to follow the rules and follow certain instructions.

Do-it-yourself interfloor overlapping is important to install correctly, gradually applying construction technology. It is necessary to delve into all the details of the construction of buildings.

At the first stage, it is important to determine the thickness of the main load-bearing walls of the first and second floors; the thickness of the future floor will depend on this. According to the standard for houses made of brick or aerated concrete, the interfloor ceiling can be set from 15 to 20 cm, in houses made of more fragile materials, the thickness decreases. Interfloor technology depends on the selected materials, the height of the future structure and the weight of the entire structure.

Formwork and formwork installation

start with the formation of formwork. It is installed between floors, designed for stable fastening of the transverse beams. If there are old wooden boards, their use will be appropriate. Initially, having formed a coating of boards, it is necessary to install a support. Often used stable logs. A layer of waterproof plywood is laid over the formed structure. Next, check the quality of the structure for sagging. When eliminating shortcomings and bends, you must immediately eliminate them. In the future, the design must be stable, withstand the additional load of furniture, distributing the load.

The device of interfloor overlapping is divided into several main types:

• Reinforced concrete;
• Monolithic;
• prefabricated;

Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete flooring is popular in stone and brick buildings. A design feature is the laying of hollow panels. When seams are formed, they are completely filled with mortar. The disadvantage of forming reinforced concrete type floors is their massive weight and the need to use lifting equipment. In addition, the plates have a standard size. With a house perimeter that differs from the typical project, it will be difficult to correctly install the support of each slab.

Do-it-yourself wooden interfloor ceiling built if you want to save money and time for construction. At the same time, it is important to correctly determine the type of overlap and the ability to carry out installation without the involvement of additional equipment, renting forklifts and a team of specialists.

Monolithic cover. Main characteristics

The device of interfloor overlapping monolithic type is a homogeneous solid structure, the mass of which is distributed on the load-bearing walls. The use of a monolith has an undeniable advantage in the absence of the need to use construction equipment. This coating is effective in that it makes it possible to implement modern architectural solutions created by oneself at no additional cost. Before starting installation, it is advised to prepare building beams that will serve as a support. The steel surfaces of the beams are mounted on wooden partitions.

Typical formwork includes the presence of elements:

• Special telescopic racks;
• Holding tripods;
• Flooring;
• Main moisture resistant plywood;
• Frame and fittings.

The nuances of laying reinforcement with your own hands

Installation of interfloor ceilings carried out as far as possible without touching the surface of the formwork. The dimensions of the reinforcement range from 6 to 12 mm. At the same time, the structure is fixed with certain clamps. The formed frame leaves cells 10 * 10 cm. A wire is used to tightly bind the frame to the cells. Beams can be used in various types from wooden to aluminum. Further, the entire surface of the layer is densely filled with mortar, forming a uniform surface.

It is quite difficult to completely fill the ceiling with your own hands. The main nuance is in the implementation of the casting layer no more than 10-12 hours from the previous one. To create a uniform layer, the solution must not be allowed to dry completely. The technology of interfloor overlappings makes it possible to obtain reliable adhesion of the monolith to the surface of the overlapping and mortar, fastening the entire structure. This way of creating an overlap with your own hands is the most reliable, safe and easy to install. Complete solidification of the entire layer occurs no earlier than 28 days after the last pour. Uneven drying leads to the subsequent destruction of the surface, the formation of chips, cracks and additional dust. If it is necessary to eliminate the resulting defects, it is important to simultaneously fill the entire surface with a small amount of water and leave to dry completely.

Overlappings of prefabricated monolithic type and their differences

The prefabricated-monolithic type of flooring is the most relevant and in demand in the cottage-type construction market. The combination of support beams on one side and hollow blocks on the other has many advantages. The device of beams of interfloor ceilings must be evenly poured with concrete and the interfloor structure is ready. The weight of a typical design is quite low and is no more than 19 kg per square meter. It is somewhat more difficult to make a prefabricated monolithic floor in time, however, it is not required to rent lifting equipment and all stages can be carried out independently. Wire reinforcement of the entire structure is created no more than 6 mm in diameter.

Removal of formwork and installation of interfloor ceilings

When mounting the main floors, the formwork is removed. Removal of the side surfaces is permitted when the main floor is completely frozen and has formed a solid structure. It is necessary to carefully check the entire surface from all sides.

The strength of a concrete structure is determined by the indicators:

• Bearing elements whose span is less than 2 meters make up 50%.
• Slabs with a span of 6 meters or more - 70%.
• Reinforced types of structures no more than 25%.

How to determine the strength of the hardened concrete of the installed floor slab?

The concrete surface increases the strength of the coating from the moment the last layer is poured over time:

• Day 3 strength is about 30%.
• Day 7 increases to 60%.
• Day 14 is 80% or more.
• Day 28 is about 100%.
• The 90th day is increased by 30%.

The duration of hardening of the concrete floor depends on the air temperature and the level of humidity of the environment. There are special additives that help speed up the process of hardening of concrete on the floor surface.

Installation of interfloor ceilings can be time-consuming, in case of difficulties, InnovaStroy specialists recommend contacting experienced craftsmen.

Do-it-yourself wooden interfloor ceiling

The wooden ceiling structure is responsible for the formation of a stable floor covering of the upper floor and an even, reliable ceiling of the lower floor. The main mass is taken by the bearing walls of the building. The device of wooden floors is the most popular and in demand in the modern construction of country houses. Due to the ease of construction, the quality of the resulting floor, environmentally friendly materials and economical costs. Wooden blocks tightly bind the elements of the structure, horizontally carrying out the load on all the main supporting walls.

Benefits of installing wooden floors

• Increased level of thermal insulation;
• Preservation of the acoustic properties of the room (if necessary);
• Simplicity and ease of installation with your own hands;
• Carrying out work in all weather conditions;
• Use of any type of overlap: basement, interfloor, attic, attic.

When using wooden floors in areas prone to moisture accumulation (bathroom, basement, pool area, baths, etc.), it is recommended to use an additional level of waterproofing material.

General characteristics and arrangement of wooden floors

The device of interfloor overlapping on wooden beams requires attention to the possibility of bearing weight. The own weight of the wooden covering is about 250 kg, while the weight of the additional load is taken into account at least 200 kg.

When choosing the dimensions of the beams, it is necessary to clearly determine:

• The thickness of the beam (according to the standard, at least 5 cm);
• Height 15 cm or more;
• When laying wooden beams with a step of 50 meters or more, it is necessary to use a mineral-type insulating material.

The list of necessary tools for the installation of ceilings with your own hands:

• The presence of anchor bolts;
• Keys;
• Staples;
• A hammer;
• Screwdriver;
• Keys;
• Strong rope;
• Nails;
• Hacksaw for wood;
• Roulette;
• Axe;
• Rigid construction cord.

Possessing the stages of technology, the necessary tool, the installation of an interfloor ceiling is quite easy. The installation of wooden floors begins with the laying of a bar. Professionals advise using a glued look with a length of 12 meters or more.

Differences of a wooden ceiling:

• Used when creating individual design of cottages .
• The cross section of the material used depends on the width of the opening and the weight of the future structure, the ability to hold the load of the building foundation.
• When purchasing material for the formation of interfloor ceilings, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the timber. Additional drying for more than 4 months and antiseptic treatment will keep the original quality for a long time.
• In the event of suppuration of wood, the formation of chips and cracks, it is forbidden to use timber!
• All dimensions must be checked and adjusted to the required. The use of beams and bars of various levels is not recommended.
• The fire safety of wood flooring requires additional processing to form a sustainable effect of open fire.

Sometimes masters recommend using rough bars, which are installed on the edges of the beam elements. Next, a roll is formed and a dense rough coating is formed. Arrangement of ventilation also plays a significant role in creating a cozy interfloor overlap. Free circulation of air flows between floors allows you to maintain a comfortable climate inside the building.

The company InnovaStroy specializes in the construction of houses for individual orders on a turnkey basis. High-quality interfloor ceilings are the main task of creating comfortable multi-level housing.

Do-it-yourself video of existing types of interfloor ceilings, offered for viewing by InnovaStroy.

During the construction of the house, you can not do without installing the ceiling. This design limits the height of the room, insulates it from the penetration of cold air in winter, and takes on the load from the roof or upper floor. In modern technologies, a plate reinforced with reinforcement is most often used.

Description of types, design features, technical requirements

Depending on the location and functional purpose of concrete floors, there are several types:

• basement;
• interfloor;
• attic;
• attic.

According to another classification, they are divided into solid and prefabricated. The first are made independently, pouring the mixture onto the prepared reinforcing cage. This method does not require the use of a crane to lift the slabs, but additional hands will be needed to install the formwork, tie the frame, and pour the concrete.

Prefabricated systems are obtained by laying standard panels of the desired size. By execution, they are of three types: monolithic, ribbed, hollow. In private construction, the third option is more often used. Product dimensions: length - up to 7 m, width - 1.5, height - 0.22.

Considering the operating conditions, the following requirements are imposed:

• strength and rigidity exceeding the calculated load (it is defined as the total weight of the slab itself, screed, furniture, and other things);
• high level of sound insulation;
• fire resistance;
• the thickness of the walls for concrete blocks is not less than 200 mm.

Concrete has a high thermal conductivity, to reduce which it is recommended to insulate, for example, with mineral wool.

Installation instructions

Do-it-yourself pre-preparation of the structure and slabs helps to lay the finished concrete floor with your own hands.

Scheme of preparatory work

1. To ensure that the panels are in the same plane, the upper end of the load-bearing walls is checked for horizontality. This can be done in this order: 30-40 cm before the end of the masonry, markers are applied to the wall using a laser or liquid level, and then the finishing brick rows are checked with a tape measure. The top row is positioned so that the bricks are oriented inside the room.

2. Most often, the edge of the box is aligned differently - the perimeter of the upper edge of the walls with reinforcement is concreted. Due to this, the brick or block structure is additionally strengthened. At a certain level, the masonry leaves an unfilled space for the armored belt. The depth of support (overlap) of the ceiling depends on the total thickness of the slab together with the thermal insulation. Usually the panel goes into the wall by 70-120 mm.

The scheme for pouring the armored belt is similar to laying the foundation: the formwork is mounted, inside it a frame is made of reinforcing bars by welding, the mixture is poured without crushed stone. The design of the belt for the plinth is made faster: they simply put additional formwork along the outer edge of the foundation.

3. Before installing the plates, the voids in their ends must be closed. If this is not done, placing the top floor wall on the edge of the floor may cause it to collapse. Concreting of inter-slab joints will not work: the mixture will flow into the holes. It is not difficult to close the cavity - a half-brick is inserted into it and sealed with a solution.

4. Prepare a platform for lifting equipment. This is a site with dense soil, otherwise the crane will get stuck in soft soil. To ensure its stability, temporary placement of road panels on the site is practiced. It is advisable not to install a crane near the pit in order to prevent the collapse of the soil or the sliding of heavy equipment.

Laying technology

It will not be possible to install the ceiling yourself; three installers usually participate in the process. One worker connects the plates, the other two correct them when lowered.

1. A sufficiently thick concrete mixture is applied to the reinforced belt (layer thickness of at least 2 cm).

2. The crane operator lowers the panel, holding it by pulling on the sling ropes. In a suspended position, it is easily moved in the right direction with the help of a crowbar.

3. Compensation propyl. It is necessary if several spans are covered with one slab. Conventional structures work in bending and must rest on two short ends. If intermediate supports are placed, tensile stresses occur in the upper part of the floors. Since there is no reinforcement there, cracks can appear. To relieve stress, a groove is sawn with a grinder, placing it above the intermediate support. Subsequently, a crack will appear at the site of the slot.

4. Anchoring. This is a firmware with reinforcing wire: it is threaded through the mounting eyes, pulled together, and then welded. The scheme is usually laid down in the project, if it is not there, the standard version is used. There are at least 1 anchor for every 3 linear meters on load-bearing walls; on non-bearing anchors, they are removed from all extreme loops. The end plates are sewn with diagonal anchors.

Inter-tile gaps (rusts) are poured with concrete mortar, due to which the structure becomes monolithic and durable.

During installation, sometimes you have to adjust the dimensions. The optimal overlap on the wall is no more than 120 mm, and the maximum allowable value is 250. With an increase in this parameter, the scheme of operation of the floor changes, as a result, cracks may appear on it. The panels are shortened in the following way:

• they outline the cutting line, put a bar under it - its thickness should be such that the edge to be separated is in weight;
• according to the marking, an incision is made with a grinder, concrete is split with a sledgehammer above and below the voids;
• break barriers;
• the metal reinforcement is cut with a grinder, leaving a couple of millimeters - this residue is smashed with a sledgehammer (otherwise the stressed reinforcement may pinch the grinder's disk).

If the size is insufficient, the gap near the wall is bricked up.

How to make your own cover?

The frame is made from edged boards (thickness 25-35 mm), plywood (thickness from 20 mm) or rented.

1. Install the formwork. Its dimensions should be such that the edges rest against the walls without gaps. The position of the structure is checked using a level. Cover it with waterproofing film.

2. Reinforce. Usually, rods with a diameter of 12-14 mm are taken for the frame. First, longitudinal and then transverse elements are laid (cell 12-15 cm), tied with wire. In the same order, the upper mesh of the frame is made, the joints of the bars are staggered, the ends of the rods are placed on the supporting beams.

3. Preparation of concrete. Volumetric proportions of its components:

• sifted sand - 2 parts;
• crushed stone (gravel) - 1 part;
• cement M400 (500) - 1 part;
• water.

Water is poured so much that the solution resembles liquid sour cream in density.

4. Fill. Carefully fill all cavities with the mixture, “stroke” with a shovel, removing air. For finishing pouring, a thicker mixture is made, laid down. The thickness of the layer is 2-3 cm less than the final size of the overlap. After a couple of days, the seized composition is covered with a cement-sand mortar of medium density, leveled with a rule to an ideal plane.

The hardening monolith is periodically watered with water, covered with a film in the heat. On the 10th day, the formwork is removed, allowed to gain strength within 3-5 weeks. After that, you can proceed to the next stage of construction.

Concrete flooring is a durable and reliable element, which is indispensable in the construction of multi-storey buildings and structures. Installation of a monolithic ceiling does not require lifting mechanisms, which saves on equipment and additional labor costs. The use of interfloor partitions in the construction reduces the time for work and allows you to build structures with your own hands. The production of concrete floors is an easy process, but in order to make a high quality material with its main advantages, it is necessary to follow the sequence of work and calculate the main parameters of the building element.

Purpose

Concrete floors are one of the main building elements in the construction of buildings. They are designed to connect:

• basement with rooms;
• the first floor with the second;
• roofs with a house.

They are also used for horizontal screeding of buildings and structures.

Cover requirements

The following requirements are put forward for concrete floors:

• the presence of the necessary strength;
• must not contain deformations and must have rigidity and a long service life;
• an important property in a concrete floor is its maximum fire resistance, water resistance and the inability to penetrate air;
• the concrete structure between the floors must have sound and heat insulation.

Kinds

There are the following types of concrete floors:

• attic;
• basement;
• interfloor.

Concrete flooring also happens:

• hollow, which is often used in construction, where interfloor overlap is required for houses made of concrete, blocks and bricks;
• ribbed, used in the manufacture of the roof of industrial buildings, where there is no heating of the premises;
• monolithic, which is a reinforced concrete element and is characterized by increased strength, is used in the construction of buildings and structures with a large number of storeys.

Materials and tools for manufacturing

When working with concrete floors with their own hands, prepare the following tools and materials:

• concrete pump;
• capacity;
• buckets;
• jack;
• building level;
• plywood with moisture resistance property;
• boards;
• steel fittings;
• wire;
• concrete mortar or components for its preparation by one's own hands: sand, water, cement and various additives to increase the strength of the mortar.

How to calculate parameters?

When working with concrete floors, it is important to purchase high quality materials. When preparing a building mixture, which will be used to fill the structure, concrete grades 250 and 400 are used, which include heavy fillers. To make partitions with your own hands, it is important to thoroughly calculate the main parameters of the material. The calculation is based on a comparison of two main properties:

• strength of the reinforcing structure;

Plate calculations are based on the following indicators:

• intensity of constant loads;
• efforts in sections with a large load;
• axle stiffness.

The calculation of monolithic floors consists of determining their individual components. First you need to make a formwork from plywood of great thickness, then install it from steel rods tied with wire. The calculation of partitions is carried out by special computer programs and designers.

The definition of strength is obtained from factors such as: load and strength.

To find out the maximum bending of the slab, use the following data:

• design resistance of reinforcement and concrete;
• fittings A400 C class.

The definition of parameters includes the following calculations:

• working reinforcement area;
• required moment of resistance;
• the maximum moment in the section of the beams.

Formulas and constants are in the collection of building codes and regulations.

Formwork device for overlapping

Formwork construction technology includes the installation of plywood on horizontal supports. To choose the right amount of materials, you need to know the area and volume of the planned floor. The thickness of the structure depends on the possible loads and the dimensions of the span. Thus, the formwork is made of increased strength without allowing deformations, so that it can bear the weight of reinforced concrete for a long time.

When choosing boards for formwork, you should pay attention to their strength and thickness. Before installing the structure, the height of the span and the bottom of the floor are measured with a building laser level. In the process of installing home-made racks, they are adjusted in length to the height of the structure on which the first layer of the beam will be built.

It is important to observe the distance, which should be more than one cubic meter. Put the racks on the floor with a flat surface and high strength. After that, the transverse beam is laid in increments of about half a meter and then the formwork is installed. After the formwork is installed, the top of the structure is checked for horizontality using the building level.

When using boards instead of a plywood sheet, they are laid to each other without gaps and a moisture-proof material is laid on top. On all edges of the formwork, boards are installed, which are fixed at the corners of the structure so that they do not deform from the solution.

When installing the formwork yourself, it is important to remember a few rules:

• exclude the formation of holes, cracks through which the mortar can flow out of the concrete during the pouring process;
• check the strength of the jacks installed under the formwork;
• moisture-resistant plywood is used for the construction of formwork;
• formwork should be as strong as possible, because the quality of the structure being built depends on it;
• formwork should be installed both over the area and around the perimeter of the room, which will protect against leakage of the concrete mix.

Reinforcement

Partitions between floors need reinforcement, which can be started after the formwork has been installed. Reinforcement of structures is carried out with reinforcement in one or two layers per formwork. A reinforcing mesh measuring twenty by twenty centimeters is installed, while the first row is laid on a protective layer, which ensures uniform distribution of the concrete mixture under the reinforcement.

If necessary, connect the reinforcing elements, an overlap of at least seventy centimeters should be made. To maintain the proportion, it is necessary to install a second layer on top of the first row of the reinforcing mesh with the same step (twenty centimeters), only ensuring perpendicularity. At the intersection of the reinforcing bars, they are fixed with steel wire and a special hook designed to connect the reinforcement. In the manufacture of a two-layer frame based on segments of reinforcing bars, a similar sequence is carried out for the first layer and the second is laid, while maintaining a distance between layers of at least three centimeters.

From this article you will learn how to make your own reinforced concrete floor on brick walls.

flanging

After creating the reinforcing cage, the outer side should be made. To do this, pull the cord at the desired height and install the boards made of plywood or shields on the BM 150 mm dowels.

Floor concreting

Concrete laying is carried out at one time with vibration. More details about this are described in our article.

Formwork dismantling

The floor formwork is removed no earlier than 28 days from the moment of concreting. This is the most dangerous part of the job, especially if the ceiling height exceeds 2.5 meters. The table should be disassembled with great care, gradually removing the racks and being in a safe place.

The cost of 1 m 3 reinforced concrete floor

Prices for installation and concreting services

Vitaly Dolbinov, rmnt.ru