Vegetables - vegetable growing, vegetable care, storage. How to grow vegetables at home How to grow vegetables 7 different types

Any gardener wants to consume vitamin products as early as possible. Greens, radishes, onions - all these healthy vegetables grown in the open field can please caring summer residents with an early harvest in the second half of April.

The main thing is to know the necessary agricultural practices. Early vegetables need to be sown on time, covered, and suitable fast-ripening crops and early-ripening varieties should be selected.

There are several effective methods for obtaining an early harvest of vegetables.

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1. Growing perennial crops (most often onions), which are the first to grow in the spring and delight with an early harvest. Perennial vegetable crops are a valuable source of the earliest harvest. All perennial vegetables are propagated by dividing the bush. They can also be propagated by seeds. Among perennial vegetables, onions, asparagus and rhubarb are early harvesters.

2. To get an early harvest, you need to pick crops with a short growing season and early ripe varieties . Early vegetables with a short growing season include crops in which the period from germination to the start of harvesting a marketable crop is 20-80 days. Also, when buying seeds, pay attention to the maturity of the variety.

3. The use of special agrotechnical recommendations allows you to get a crop much earlier. Of the known agrotechnical methods, the greatest efficiency was shown use of greenhouses and temporary film shelters , winter crops and growing vegetables on ridges and ridges .

4. Getting an earlier harvest also contributes to selection of a site for growing early vegetables . A plot with light-textured soil, not flooded, sheltered from northern winds, with a southern slope is more favorable for early vegetables.

Early vegetables in the greenhouse
To speed up the harvest, you can use unheated greenhouses of various types, hotbeds and covering material. Glass, polycarbonate, film 100-180 microns thick are used as shelters.

In greenhouses, you can grow seedlings of many vegetable crops for open ground, which will speed up the production of a marketable crop. Greenhouses can also be used for direct harvesting, especially heat-loving crops (watermelon, melon, eggplant, pepper, tomato, etc.).

Growing early vegetables under cover
As a covering material, you can also use a film (40-60 microns thick) and non-woven material (such as lutrasil, agrotex, etc.). You can cover both the soil (mulching) and the plants themselves (tunnel shelters). Mulching increases the temperature of the soil in the zone of the root system, fights weeds.

In the manufacture of tunnels, arcs made of metal, plastic, and willow shoots are used. A film or non-woven material is stretched over the arcs. The use of tunnels is especially effective on such heat-loving crops as watermelon and melon. Cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, zucchini and a number of other vegetables can be grown under the tunnels to speed up their development.

Early planting of vegetables
The earliest possible harvest will give the sowing of vegetables before winter. Especially winter sowing is effective for carrots, parsley, black onion, lettuce, radish, dill. Seeds are sown in such a way that they swell, but do not begin to germinate (in the conditions of Primorye, this is the first five days of November).

In the spring, seeds ready for germination determine favorable conditions themselves and sprout. This agricultural method accelerates the arrival of the crop by 2-3 weeks. When sowing, the seeding rate increases by 20-30%.

early vegetables in the garden
Accelerates germination and soil profiling - arrangement of ridges and beds for growing early vegetables. Ridges and ridges are better warmed by the sun, which means that seedlings will appear earlier and plants will develop faster.

Early varieties of vegetables
In addition to the fact that there are early ripening vegetables that, in any weather, give a harvest in a month, you can also pick up special early varieties. Then even heat-loving cucumbers, peppers and tomatoes will delight gardeners with early fruits.

early bow
First of all, these are perennial bows. Bow-batun - one of the earliest vegetable crops, which retains its marketable appearance for a long time. At slime onion tasty succulent leaves, edible until the flowering phase. Also at chives the leaves are tender at the beginning of the growing season, and then coarsen. Multi-tiered onion - early regrowth and early consumption. Cheremsha - an early perennial crop, collected both in the wild and grown in the country.

Early root crops
At asparagus juicy thick shoots that grow in spring are eaten. Both green shoots and bleached ones are used. Bleached shoots are obtained by hilling seedlings. When the comb reaches a height of 20-25 cm and shoots appear, it is raked and juicy white shoots are removed.

Radish (spring radish) is traditionally considered the earliest root crop. The growing season is from 20 to 40 days. From early varieties in the Far East are grown Heat , 18 days , french breakfast , Yakhont and etc.

early greens
Salads - These are mainly leafy and semi-headed crops from the Asteraceae and Cruciferous families. lettuce and its various forms have a growing season of 40-50 days.

Beijing cabbage, Chinese cabbage, mustard lettuce have a growing season of 50-60 days. The use of several dates for sowing lettuces allows you to create a conveyor for the supply of vitamin products, because lettuces can be sown in open ground from the end of March to the end of May.

Dill to the greens. Agrotechnics differs from dill to umbel in increased seeding rates by 2-2.5 times. When sowing in the 1st-2nd decade of April, already at the end of June (beginning of July), vitamin products can be removed. For growing on greens, varieties of bushy dill are best suited: Kibray , Umbrella , Uzbek 243 , superducat and others.

early zucchini
Zucchini, squash, crooknecks are crops with a growing season of 45-55 days. When sowing in the third decade of May, production begins to arrive in the second half of July. From zucchini varieties (hybrids) can be grown for early production - Belogor F1 , Gribovskie 37 , yellow-fruited , Kaveli F1 , Video clip , Anchor , Whale (a variety of Far Eastern selection) and others.

Of the early varieties of patisson, the most common Disk , Umbrella , UFO white .

early beans
Vegetable beans are an early ripe, high-protein crop. Unripe beans (shoulder) are eaten when the seed reaches a diameter of 2-3 mm. From seedlings (June 1-5) to the start of bean harvesting (July 15-25), 45-55 days pass.

Breeding varieties of the central regions of Russia are common: Welt , Second , Option , Saks without fiber 615 and others. Of the varieties selected by the Primorskaya OOS, the most famous are Fedoseevna , emerald , Sunny .

early peas
Early varieties of vegetable peas include Alpha , Inexhaustible 195 , Golden eagle , Early 301 , Yurga , Sprinter and others. They are often found in vegetable gardens, have a growing season (from germination to the achievement of technical ripeness of the blade) of 40-45 days. Peas are a long-day crop, so the further south a variety is grown, the longer the growing season.

early cucumbers
For open ground in Primorye, early ripe varieties of cucumber of the Far Eastern selection can be recommended. swag , Lotus , Cascade , Amurchonok , Surazhevsky . When sowing in the third decade of May (seedlings appear on June 1-5), the harvest begins in the second decade of July (vegetation period 45-55 days).

In the conditions of the monsoonal climate of the Far East, it is the cultivation of varieties of the Far Eastern selection that guarantees a harvest, since they are relatively resistant to downy mildew and bacteriosis.

Early varieties of cabbage
The earliest varieties of white cabbage are those whose vegetation lasts 70-80 days: Athlete F1, June , Malachite F1 , Number one Gribovsky 147 , Pandion F1 , Solo F1 , Surprise F1 , Chessma F1 , Express F1 and etc.

Early varieties of tomatoes
In tomatoes, the growing season ranges from 70-80 days ( Primorets , Summit , Iogen , pearl etc.) up to 120-130 days.

If you are just starting to grow cucumbers at home - choose from these varieties and hybrids, you will not lose.

Our market will help you choose seeds, where the products of the largest online stores are presented. There you will find many varieties and hybrids described in this article. .

Advice: the store will offer you a lot of varieties of tomatoes, assuring that they are perfect for home growing. Listening to this and believing the seller, you still carefully read what is written on the package: the bags we need have special marks “Home garden”, “Harvest on the window series” or “Recommended for pot growing”. Now, if you saw such an inscription - feel free to pay money)

You can easily find many of the varieties listed above on sale with the help of our market. .

Pepper spicy Yellow gnome 39 rub
Russian Garden

Sweet Pepper California Miracle 15 rub
Russian Garden

Sweet pepper Gift of Moldova 15 rub
Russian Garden

Sweet pepper Swallow 13 rub
Russian Garden

Beans

Everyone can grow on the windowsill. Moreover, it is unpretentious, sprouts and grows quickly, does not require special care. It is a self-pollinating plant; in a month and a half it will already bloom, and in two you will be removing young pods. They are unusually tasty in vegetable stews, soups, scrambled eggs and simply stewed.

Believe me, you will not regret it if you decide to "get" a couple of bean bushes).

Suitable varieties

Practice has shown that at home it is most profitable to grow early ripe varieties of asparagus bush beans. But also climbing varieties should not be written off. At a minimum, they are very decorative - long, bright green vines with large flowers in pink, purple or white look amazing. And you won’t be left without a harvest either.

What kind of beans to choose?

proved to be excellent black Eyed Peas"Fatima".
varieties received good reviews from gardeners bush beans"Sugar Triumph 764", "Saksa without fiber 615", "Mask" and "Green pods 517".
from curly beans recommend choosing either the Golden Neck or Violetta variety.

You can find information about different varieties in the articles.

Growing food in urban areas is popular all over the world. So, Britta Riley lives in a tiny apartment in New York. She came up with the hydroponic vertical garden. It takes up little space and brings a good harvest. About his innovation Britta.

In the West, if a product is labeled eco, bio or organic, it means two things. Firstly, these products are grown, harvested and processed in accordance with environmental standards, that is, without pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, growth stimulants and other “nasty things”. They have been certified, and serious organizations have guaranteed their quality. Secondly, bioproducts are much more expensive than conventional ones.

In Russia, the market for "clean food" is just emerging. The biocertification and control systems have not yet been formed. And the difference in prices between bio-products and ordinary vegetables and fruits sometimes reaches 1,000%! Therefore, for us, the most eco, bio and organic are products grown by our own hands.

But not everyone has dachas and relatives in the village. What should urban children do, who are used to seeing potatoes washed and in nets, and greens in vacuum packs? Grow vegetables and fruits right on the balcony or windowsill.

6 reasons to arrange a mini-garden at home

You can treat yourself to fresh, vitamin-rich vegetables and herbs all year round.
Saving. Vegetables and fruits are expensive, especially in winter. With a home garden, you no longer have to adjust to the season (we eat plenty of tomatoes only in July, and apples in September).
You yourself can grow a plant from a tiny seed with your own hands, you can collect fruits. This is a creative activity that charges with positive energy.
You can improve your knowledge of biology, gain useful skills and acquire an exciting hobby.
Your children will see how tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables grow and will understand that they do not miraculously materialize in the refrigerator, their cultivation is serious work.
You can surprise your friends and acquaintances. Imagine how you will brag about the harvest, showing the window "beds". ;)

What you need to grow vegetables and herbs at home

Place. Usually this is a window sill or balcony. It is better if they face the sunny side. If not, lamps for additional lighting will be required. If necessary, the window sill can be expanded or shelving for "beds" can be built (the minimum distance between the shelves is 50 cm).
Capacities. Clay or plastic pots, wooden boxes can serve as beds for a home garden. The main thing is that there are holes in the bottom for draining water. Containers are recommended to be placed on pallets.
Priming. There are many potting mixes for indoor gardens. As a rule, several layers are made: peat, compost, turf. You can prepare the soil yourself, or you can buy it in a specialized store.
seeds. Some varieties of tomatoes or cucumbers grow well at home, while others do not even sprout. Therefore, before you start indoor gardening, you need to sit on the forums, read articles on the Internet and find out which seeds to buy.

In addition, you may need fertilizers, top dressing, a thermometer and a vessel for settling water (home plants are watered with water at room temperature, separated from chlorine).

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We have the inventory, now we need to decide what to plant. Lifehacker has already written about some vegetables that grow beautifully on the windowsill.

Today we will talk about ten more such plants.

Carrot

DenisNata/Depositphotos.com

Variety : "Amsterdam".
Temperature : 15 to 25 ºС.
Harvest : after ≈70 days.

For growing at home, you need to take miniature varieties of carrots. You can plant in boxes, pots or just cut plastic bottles with holes in the bottom. The soil should be taken drainage.

Seeds are placed in the ground to a depth of about 7 cm. When the carrots sprout and germinate a few centimeters, they need to be thinned out, leaving the strongest shoots at a distance of about 2 cm from each other. It is not recommended to keep the beds in direct sunlight.

You need to water carrots at home often, but you need to make sure that there is not too much moisture, otherwise the root crop will rot. From time to time, you can feed with fertilizers with a low nitrogen content (if there is a lot of it, all the growth will go to the tops). It is also very useful to occasionally loosen the soil.

Pepper

Peppers grown on the balcony

Varieties : "treasure island", "dwarf", "watercolor", "swallow" and others.
Temperature : 25 to 27 ºС.
Harvest : after 100-130 days.

Seeds are first planted in small pots, which are covered with cling film and placed in a warm place. When the first shoots appear (in one to two weeks), several small punctures need to be made in the film. After a while, the pepper will get stronger, then it can be transplanted into large pots or buckets. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the spine. The plant is rooted by a third, after which it is watered with warm (30 ºС) water.

In the future, pepper can be watered every day. This plant loves light, so white spectrum lamps are recommended in addition to natural light. It is necessary to protect home-grown peppers from drafts and direct sunlight.

You can fertilize with nitrogen fertilizers, but potassium salt and potassium chloride will destroy the roots of the plant. With proper care, pepper on the windowsill can delight with fruits for up to two years.

Cherry tomatoes

Levranii/Depositphotos.com

Varieties : "pygmy", "bonsai", "bead" and others.
Temperature : 23 to 25 ºС.
Harvest : after 90-100 days (depending on the variety).

The soil, as in the case of pepper, is more convenient to buy ready-made. It is recommended to take a cylindrical container: it is better filled with the root system.

First, the seeds are germinated in small pots: buried to a depth of 1.5 cm, covered with cling film and left in a warm place until the first sprouts. When the tomatoes have risen, they dive into a larger and deeper dish.

It is important that the plant receives uniform lighting. To do this, you can hang fluorescent lamps above the "beds" or regularly turn the containers to the window.

Watering should be done carefully: cherry tomatoes are easy to fill. When the plant grows, it is recommended to loosen the soil from time to time and feed it with mineral fertilizers. If necessary, the tomato stem can be tied to a support (wooden skewer or pencil). It is also important to ensure that pests do not appear on the tomatoes.

By the way, not only cherry tomatoes grow well in home gardens, but also ordinary tomatoes.

cucumbers

Cucumbers grown on the window

Varieties : “room Rytov”, “miracle on the window”, “ant” and others.
Temperature : 21 to 24 ºС.
Harvest : after 35-45 days.

For cucumbers, rather large containers are needed, with a volume of at least 6 liters. The soil should be loose, with peat or compost.

At home, self-pollinating varieties of cucumbers grow well. First you need to prepare the seeds: they are poured into a weak saline solution, those that have surfaced are thrown away. Then, suitable seeds are soaked for 20 minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate, after which they are washed on wet gauze and planted in the ground (under the film). When the seedlings sprout and grow up, they can be planted in large containers.

Water homemade cucumbers with warm water every day, but with caution. Leaves can also be sprayed with a spray bottle. Potassium nitrate is recommended as top dressing.

When the lashes of cucumbers form and grow, supports should be built for them so that the plant can trail.

Radish

homegrown radish

Varieties : "carmen", "white fang", "celeste F1" and others.
Temperature : 18 to 20 ºС.
Harvest : after ≈40 days.

It is recommended to plant radishes in wooden or clay containers, but ordinary plastic cups can also be used. Loose, well-drained soil is needed. Seeds can be checked for germination before planting, like cucumbers. After that, they need to be buried to a depth of 1-3 cm.

After planting, the soil must be watered and covered with a film. When shoots appear, the "greenhouse" is removed. Radishes, as a rule, do not dive. But sometimes they put it for two or three days in a lower temperature regime - about 15 ° C. This hardens the plant and contributes to a better harvest.

Five days after the appearance of the first shoots, organic top dressing is carried out, and two weeks later - mineral. Water the radish abundantly as it dries. It is also important that the air in the room where it grows is not dry.

Spinach

homemade spinach

Varieties : "virofle", "gaudry", "gigantic" and others.
Temperature : 15 ºС.
Harvest : after ≈40 days.

Spinach belongs to vegetable greens and is considered very useful. To grow it at home, you need containers 15-20 cm high. Ready-made soil mixtures can be used. The main thing is that peat is included in their composition.

It is recommended to soak the seeds in water for a day before planting. Sowing is carried out to a depth of 1–2 cm. To accelerate germination, containers can be covered with a film. Spinach germinates about a week after planting, then it can be dived.

In winter, when the heating is on in the apartment and when the daylight hours are short, it is recommended to illuminate the plant with lamps and spray it with a spray bottle (in addition to watering).

The crop can be harvested when the spinach reaches 7–10 cm in height.

Basil

jamdesign/depositphotos.com

Varieties : "Marquis", "lemon", "Baku" and others.
Temperature : from 22 to 24 °C.
Harvest : after 50-55 days.

Basil is one of the most fragrant and favorite spices. At the same time, it is quite unpretentious and grows well on the windowsill.

Basil is planted immediately in large containers (with a volume of at least 1.5 liters). First you need to prepare the soil for planting: pour twice with mineral fertilizers with an interval of five days. The seeds are deepened by 1–1.5 cm. Until the plant sprouts, it must be watered every two days. Further watering is carried out daily, preferably in the morning.

green garlic

fotomod/depositphotos.com

Varieties : "Kharkiv", "anniversary" and others.
Temperature : from 18 to 25 °C.
Harvest : after 15-20 days.

As a rule, garlic bulbs are used in cooking. But the green shoots (arrows) are also suitable for gastronomy: they are suitable for making marinades and sauces.

Varieties of garlic are divided into two groups: winter and spring. The latter usually do not give arrows, therefore they are not suitable for growing at home.

For those who have ever grown onions on a windowsill, garlic will not be difficult to deal with. You need to take winter-grade garlic cloves, preferably with sprouted sprouts. Any soil mixture can be taken. Each clove is planted to a depth of 2-3 cm and at a distance of 1-2 cm from each other. Once planted, be sure to water.

The container with garlic should be kept on the most lit window in the house. Water as the soil dries out. From time to time, you can feed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

Mint

martiapunts/Depositphotos.com

Temperature : 20 to 25 °C.
Harvest : after ≈60 days.

Mint has a fairly branched root system, so for planting it, you should take a deep and wide container. The soil is recommended to use peat, varieties - any.

There are two ways to plant mint: seeds and cuttings. The latter is shown in the video below.

To grow mint from seeds, you need to plant them in the ground to a depth of about 5 mm and water. To create a greenhouse effect, you can use a film. Before germination (about two weeks later), the ground should be sprinkled with water every day. After germination, mint must be planted.

Mint is unpretentious. In summer, it must be protected from direct sunlight, and in winter from lack of light and excessive watering. From time to time, the plant can be fed with organic mixtures.

Mature plants can reach a meter in height. As a rule, they have a lot of leaves - there will almost always be mint for tea or homemade mojito.

Strawberry

S.Bachstroem/Shutterstock.com

Varieties : "autumn fun", "home delicacy", "garland" and others.
Temperature : from 18 to 20 °C.
Harvest : after ≈30 days.

Ampel remontant varieties of strawberries are suitable for a home garden. They bear fruit all year round and are not too picky about light. Strawberries can be planted in any soil mixture. But first, drainage (expanded clay, small pebbles) should be poured to the bottom to protect strawberries from stagnant water.

Strawberries can be grown from seedlings or seeds. Both are sold in gardening stores.

Seeds are planted in small containers (for example, plastic glasses), watered abundantly and covered with cling film. After the appearance of the first shoots, the film is removed and the seedlings are placed in a well-lit place. When three or four leaves are formed, strawberries dive into larger containers.

This plant loves light. When days are shorter than nights, artificial lighting should be used. Watering and spraying are carried out as the soil dries. Strawberries are easy to fill.

Solutions with a significant iron content are used as top dressing. During active growth, strawberries become overgrown with mustaches, they need to be tied to supports.

As you can see, growing vegetables, herbs and even berries in a city apartment is not difficult and even exciting.

If you have experience in home gardening, tell us about it. Write in the comments what and how did you happen to grow on your windowsill.

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Sometimes I want to go out on the balcony, like Jamie Oliver, pick up my own grown vegetables and herbs and stir up something stunning from them. And the balcony, by the way, looks much prettier if there are not old pieces of iron that are stored there, which it’s time to send to the landfill, but fragrant herbs and vegetables.

website chose some interesting plants that take root well on the windowsill or on the balcony.

Pepper

On the windowsill you can grow a hot pepper for pizza diablo. It will require a warm, bright place and varieties suitable for home cultivation: Carmen, Flint, Spark, Ryabinushka, Bride, Indian Summer, etc.

The bushes are very pretty and do not require large pots. Up to 50 fruits can be tied on one plant. The optimum temperature is 25-27 degrees Celsius.

Carrot

For growing carrots at home, it is better to take mini-varieties such as "Parmex", "Sophie", "Granddaughter". They grow in 80-90 days and do not require much space - a pot or container will suit them just fine. You can also take a funny round variety "Round Baby".

The soil for carrots should be light and well drained. The vegetable can be grown in cut plastic bottles. The optimum temperature is within 13-24 degrees Celsius.

Mint

Mint is a non-capricious and undemanding plant. It can grow on your windowsill or balcony, even in winter, if you arrange additional lighting. It can be grown from cuttings and seeds. If it is possible to dig a stalk in the country at home or with friends, it is better to use this method. Mint grown from seeds is not as actively accepted, and it will take longer to wait for the harvest.

It is important to remember that the plant loves well-moistened soil. And, when choosing a place for it, keep in mind that the lighting should be good, but direct sunlight is best avoided. The optimum temperature for mint is 20-25 degrees with a plus sign.

green onion

To grow green onions at home, special dexterity is not required. But still, it is worth considering some nuances: the bulb that you will plant should be round, dense to the touch and without traces of rot, the root cup should be well formed.

Immediately after planting, it is worth putting the onion in a cool, dark place so that the root system is better formed, and only then the feather will need a lot of light. The optimum temperature is 18-20 degrees, you should not overheat, because then the growth of greenery will stop.

Basil

Any variety of basil grows well in flower pots and boxes. It is better for him to allocate a sunny place, water well, keep warm and provide good drainage. For planting, you can use both cuttings and seeds. At the same time, the cuttings will quickly give the first crop, but will not last long, as they will quickly bloom. Harvest from seeds will have to wait longer, but such a bush will last longer.

The optimum temperature for basil is 20-25 degrees Celsius. In winter, lighting is required for about 3-4 hours to increase daylight hours.

cucumbers

To grow cucumbers on the windowsill or on the balcony, you should take a closer look at the hybrid varieties that are marked with the F1 icon. If all conditions are created for the plant, it can produce 3-4 dozen fruits. Here you will have to tinker a little with seedlings, but after transplanting into boxes, you will only need to water and trim the antennae.

Planted plants in containers with a volume of at least 5 liters. It is important to remember that cucumbers are large watermelons and the earth must always be moist. The optimum temperature is 21-24 degrees Celsius.

Tomatoes

Dwarf varieties are usually chosen as homemade tomatoes: Minibel, Florida Petit, Balcony Miracle, etc. You will have to take the most illuminated place in the apartment to this miracle. It will be necessary to start with seedlings, then plant them in containers, tie them up, feed them and protect them from the cold. This is one of the most troublesome balcony crops, but pride in the work done and horticultural talent is attached to the harvest.

It is important to remember that tomatoes, like all plants, love water, but they are easy to pour. Therefore, watering should be done carefully. The optimum temperature is 23-25 degrees Celsius.

Sorrel

Sorrel, in addition to its wonderful taste, is distinguished by the fact that it calmly tolerates shaded places. It can be grown from the rhizomes of 2-4-year-old plants with buds or from seeds of varieties such as Maykopsky, Altaisky, Odessa broad-leaved.

It can grow at both 5 and 20 degrees Celsius and even withstands slight frosts. So you can keep it on the balcony until the last, and if the balcony keeps heat well, then do not clean it for the winter. The leaves are cut at a height of 8-10 cm, this must be done carefully so as not to damage the growth buds.

Ginger

Ginger is not only a delicious spice, but also a beautiful plant. If planted at home, sprouts can grow up to a meter in height. Plant pieces of ginger root, consisting of at least a couple of sections with live buds. If the root is dry, you can hold it in warm water for several hours to wake up the kidneys.

Plant the root should not be very deep, and until the first shoots appear, water should be very moderate. Keep ginger in the light, but away from direct sunlight. The optimum temperature is 20-25 degrees Celsius.

A pineapple

The big advantage of a home garden is that the plants are under our daily control. But for such gardening there are a number of features. Vegetables can be grown even all year round. But the expected result will not always be obtained, you will have to work hard and even spend money financially. What points need to be taken into account?

Varieties of vegetables for growing in an apartment

Breeding and seed companies have created special series of seeds for home gardening - the Four Summer series, for example. But you can choose varieties and hybrids yourself, given some features. Choose early maturing, small-fruited, high-yielding hybrids and varieties with a compact plant shape.

from tomatoes perform well at home Ramblin Gold Stripe, Yellow Riding Hood, Megabyte and Red placer. from cucumbers successful parthenocarpics Gift F1, Matilda F1, Santana F1. Bell pepper grows from seed Topic and Kuzya- very fruitful. From basilicas worth trying small-leaved forms Naughty, Freshness, Bush.

Optimal timing for sowing seeds

Difficulties do not stop enthusiastic plant growers, and hydroponic technologies and modern phytotrons with a controlled microclimate specially for grown plants take root at home for a long time.

For a guaranteed harvest, it is recommended to sow seeds at the same traditional time as when growing vegetables in a summer cottage. First, it is fully consistent with plant biology. Secondly, you do not have to set up a long additional, maintaining the desired temperature and use a large number of plants.

So, in the middle lane you can sow from the end of March to the end of August. Tomato, pepper and eggplant - at the end of January, cucumber and root vegetables - from the end of March.

Container size and soil

For a tomato and cucumber, a 5-liter pot is enough, beans - 2-3 liters, zucchini - 5 liters, greens - any container with a height of 7 cm or more. Ampelous tomatoes and some greens look great in hanging planters.

It is advisable to use ready-made, universal for vegetable crops. It excludes the presence of fungal and bacterial diseases. It is often already filled with a complex of fertilizers, which is important at the initial stage of growth. If there is a desire to use "garden" soil, then it must be taken from a site where similar crops have not been grown before. And it is better to disinfect it in one of the ways: calcined in the oven, spilled with boiling water, disinfected with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. It is important for each plant to provide drainage in the container so that the root system does not rot from excess moisture.

Choosing a place to grow

The best lighting will be on a balcony or window located in the south or east.

In the future, not every culture prefers direct sunlight. To ensure comfortable conditions, it is necessary to shade the windows of the balcony so that the leaves do not get burned.

If the balcony is on the north side and there is a desire to grow vegetables and herbs with your own hands, then you can’t do without lighting. This is especially necessary during the period when seedlings are grown. There are several solutions: use home lamps, purchase specialized ones. For good growth, plants need illumination from 8000 lux. Today, such a number of luxes can be given by lamps of the type "Reflux".

Watering and fertilizing plants

Plants need water at room temperature (+20 ... +22 ° C) and make sure that the soil does not dry out. Due to the drying of the soil, the development of the plant will be uneven; during flowering, it can shed flowers and buds, and sometimes even leaves. As necessary, loosen the soil crust if watering is carried out on top of the soil.

Top dressing on green crops, as a rule, is not carried out. They need more tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers and watermelons. The main thing here is not to overfeed: due to the excessive intake of mineral fertilizers, the roots may suffer and the plant will die. It is better to “underfeed” your wards. Top dressing is carried out with any complex fertilizers every 20 days 2-3 weeks after transplanting seedlings to a permanent place. The rate indicated in the instructions can be safely divided by 2 times. At the time of budding, you need to feed with fertilizers containing calcium, magnesium and boron, then fruiting will be plentiful.

Plant Formation

Given that plants from special seed series are often compact, they do not need to be shaped. But some cultures have their own characteristics. So, as the basil grows, it needs to pinch the shoots; due to this technique, it will acquire a spherical shape. Cucumber and tall tomatoes are formed into 1 stem, removing all side shoots. At the melon and watermelon, all the lashes are tied up, pollination is carried out by hand, and 1-2 set fruits are left on each lash. Low-growing tomatoes, peppers and eggplants do not need shaping.