Decorative wall plaster with your own hands. How to prepare a mortar and make plaster walls with your own hands. Basic rules for plastering walls with your own hands. Do-it-yourself decorative plaster from ordinary plaster Plaster products

On the issue of wall decoration, those who want to save money are faced with the question of how to make decorative plaster with their own hands. It is not only fashionable, but also practical.

The main advantage of decorative finishes is breathability. Its indisputable advantage is that it allows you to hide all the irregularities of the wall. In case of contamination, it is easy to clean. Making plaster with your own hands is very simple. Having mastered several techniques for applying putty, you can achieve amazing results in the decoration of your home. The work done will satisfy every taste, decorate the room with made panels and compositions.

This type of repair work is relatively cheap if, doing everything with your own hands, you buy only the necessary materials for the composition of the plaster.

The walls must first be thoroughly cleaned of the old coating. Using the level, the evenness of the base is determined. If necessary, the surface is leveled by applying a layer of putty. After drying, it is primed. Now you can start applying the plaster.

Mixtures for decorative work can be bought in the form of a ready-made solution in the store. But it is best to use a do-it-yourself composition of dry putty. You can use a gypsum mixture, PVA glue. The composition should be diluted at the rate of 200 g of glue per 6 kg of gypsum with water in an amount of 2 liters.

A mixture for plaster is a pasty mass composed of a base and various fillers. For the first, ordinary dry putty is taken. It is cheaper, and on the basis of it you can independently prepare the desired composition. This method justifies itself with its economy. Dry putty is diluted in containers with water and gets to work.

Types of decorative plaster

Depending on the effect that will be obtained after plastering, and the components used when mixing the composition, the following types of plaster are distinguished:

• structural (with additions);
• textured (to obtain a smooth coating);
• Venetian (to create effects of antiquity).
• flock plaster

Structural plaster

Structural plaster is made on the basis of a cement-lime composition (mineral base) and synthetic latexes with the addition of granular elements:

• pebbles;
• granules;
• wood fibre.

For interior decoration, it is more convenient to use water-based structural plaster. Its distinctive feature is that it is more hygienic, does not leave a smell. The plasticity of the composition makes it convenient to apply such a plaster. It is sold ready-made, it does not need to be diluted, the consistency has the necessary concentration. Under structural plaster, it is not necessary to level the walls thoroughly, because it will hide all its defects after application to the surface. The main condition is that it be dry and clean. Before plastering work, be sure to prime the wall, dry it. After that, you need to apply the composition with a spatula on the surface with a thin layer. After 3 days, the plaster will dry out, but the final hardening will be achieved only after a week. Therefore, during this time, you need to be careful not to damage the plaster.

Textured plaster

With the help of textured plaster, it is possible to create a relief surface of the wall with an imitation of some material: burnt paper, wood, stone. Certain methods of applying the composition are used. The basis of the plaster is a lime mixture. Wood fibers, granite, marble, quartz chips are added as fillers. The use of polymeric materials as a basis allows you to create a more stable relief coating that will not crack. How to make textured plaster with your own hands?

Before applying the coating, the wall surface must be prepared. To do this, it is primed, a layer of paint with sand is applied to better bond the plaster to the base. Then a thin layer is applied with a spatula. Depending on the intended pattern, the number of layers may be more. It should be noted that the more layers, the thinner the coating thickness. Putty mass can be bought ready-made in the store, but it is better to do it yourself. Dry putty powder must be diluted with water and mixed. You can immediately add paint to the solution to obtain color in a ratio of 1:10, or after applying the plaster, apply a layer of paint with a brush, roller or sponge. The second option is preferable to achieve the effect of uneven coloring.

If a filler composition is used for plastering, it should be noted that the larger the filler grains, the more putty composition is required for work. It depends on what kind of drawing will be done. Rough terrain requires the choice of a large filler.

The texture of the decorative surface can be given with various tools. A striped texture can be created with a brush, spatula. Here you can show your imagination by making movements on the surface. To repeat the pattern, it is convenient to use a stamp or applicator. If, after applying the plaster, rub it with a plastic trowel, you can achieve such effects as “rain”, “lamb”, “carpet”.

"Rain" is formed when making movements up and down. By changing the angle of inclination diagonally, you can get an oblique rain. “Lamb” is performed in a circular motion, during which circular grooves are formed, resembling lamb hair. The “carpet” comes out after alternating transverse and longitudinal movements.

Before painting, the plaster should be allowed to dry for a day. On the dried layer of the coating, apply a layer of paint with a brush or roller. The advantage of this method over tinting is that after this operation, the surface can be leveled with sandpaper.

To give the surface the effect of dark grooves, you must first go through a layer of darker paint on the wall, let it dry. And then apply a light layer of paint on top with a semi-dry roller. You will get spectacular dark grooves.

In order to fix the color, to prevent the surface from staining clothes, you need to cover the plaster with a layer of varnish.

Venetian plaster

Venetian plaster allows you to create the effect of marble stone with the help of a transparent composition made from marble flour. It is made on the basis of lime and water emulsion. This finish requires a perfectly flat wall surface. But the effect of creating a marble mosaic exceeds all expectations. The marble surface made in this way is distinguished by its beautiful appearance, water resistance, and wear resistance.

How to make decorative plaster yourself so that it looks like marble? To do this, you need to clean the surface of the wall, level it, apply a special primer. Add the color scheme of the desired color to the plaster mass, stir and apply with a spatula to the surface in several thin layers. Sand the dry surface in a circular motion. Clean with a dry cloth from small particles. Apply a layer of wax on top with a damp sponge. It must be rubbed until a flat surface is indicated. This is a laborious process that requires patience and care so as not to erase the drawing.

Flock - plaster

The method involves creating a surface with the effect of velor, leather, wood, stone by spraying small particles. Initially, the wall is painted. After the paint has dried, a layer of glue is applied with a roller. And while the glue is not dry, you need to apply particles to the wall with a spray gun. The operation is carried out in tandem with a partner: one applies glue, the second sprays the particles with slow circular movements. Excess should be removed with a brush after drying. Finally, the surface is varnished.

The simplest and most affordable tools for creating drawings are a spatula, roller, brushes, stencil, ordinary cellophane. The stripes are created with a notched trowel.

With the help of a roller, the effect of fluffy velor is created, for this it is enough to walk with the roller 1 time. How to make plaster to get unusual effects? To do this, you can use a variety of improvised items.

Unusual colorful effects are obtained by rubbing movements with cellophane. You can create an unusual pattern with a sponge. It takes diligence and maximum imagination to get a beautiful decorative plaster.

The final step for all types of plaster is to apply paint with a brush or roller and coat with varnish so that the surface is reliably protected and the paint lasts longer. Covering walls with decorative plaster is not as difficult a process as it seems. You just need to know the sequence of work. And to create beautiful walls it is not at all necessary to call the masters. After studying the training material, you can cope with this task on your own. Each master creates a unique look of the room. Do-it-yourself decorative plaster in the interior gives freedom of creative imagination and maximum conditions for the implementation of a wide variety of ideas. There is a wide choice of materials for plaster works.

When the construction of the house comes to an end, it is the turn of finishing work. This is one of the most important and, at the same time, interesting stages, on which the final result of the entire construction depends.

Today, there are hundreds of ways to finish walls, and one of the most beautiful options, by right, can be called decorative plaster, which is distinguished by a wide range of colors, affordable price and practicality. Decorative plaster allows you to create an original unique style and embody any design ideas.

If you properly prepare decorative plaster and adapt it correctly to apply, then you can create a magnificent decor on the walls, which is no different in appearance from a fresco.

But many reject this building material as a decorative finish, considering it very complex and time-consuming. In fact, this is not at all the case. In this article, we will tell you about the advantages, features of this material and dwell in detail on the process of preparing decorative plaster from ordinary putty with our own hands.

Due to the fact that the composition of the material includes modern plasticizers, the plaster is plastic, which allows even a beginner to work with it. It is universal, it can be applied to almost any surface (foam concrete, drywall, brick).

Thanks to the correct application, textured plaster allows you to give the building an expensive and presentable look. Therefore, it is a pleasure to work and create design masterpieces on the wall using ordinary putty.

What is the difference between plaster and putty?

Before we move on to the process of creating decorative plaster from ordinary putty, let's understand these two concepts. In general, plaster is called a building mixture, which is intended for leveling walls. Putty is also commonly called a building mixture for leveling walls, but, unlike ordinary plaster, we are talking about small errors.

What is the difference?

1. Grinding. If we carefully study the composition of both building materials, we will see that substances of much smaller fractions are used in the putty, this allows you to create a thin coating.
2. Price. The difference will be in the price of these two materials, which is due to the lower consumption of putty compared to plaster. Manufacturers are much cheaper than large filler.
3. Strength. Plaster will be much stronger than putty. That is why it is often used for finishing external walls. If we recall the composition of concrete, then we know that crushed stone is added to the composition to give strength. So here. The larger the fraction of the substances included in the mixture, the stronger and more durable the material itself will be.
4. Compound. Plaster is mainly made from a cement-sand mixture with various additives. It can be clay-lime, clay-cement, gypsum, and less often clay-cement composition. For the production of putty, manufacturers use cement with sand, to which various plasticizers are added.

In order to understand the scope and performance properties of various types of plaster and putty, let's take a closer look at the composition and types of these two materials.

Types of plaster for facade work

Today, there are several types of plaster on the market, which differ in composition and link.

Prices for popular types of plaster

Plaster

Advantages of textured plaster

If you decide to choose ordinary putty as a facade finish to create an intricate decor, then you will have to work hard and practice applying the finish to get a really high-quality finish. But the result is worth it.

Decorative plaster is, first of all, a game of textures. And already the second batch is played by the color scheme. It is important to understand, when starting work, that it is precisely due to the texture, relief, that you will achieve a complex texture on the wall.

Textured plaster has the following qualities:

• easy to apply;
• highly resistant to moisture and UV rays;
• can be applied to any surface (foam concrete, brick, etc.);
• allows you to give the wall an original style;
• does not require perfect alignment before application;
• it is possible to choose any color solution;
• goes well with other finishing materials;
• has a long service life;
• environmentally friendly material;
• increases the heat-insulating and sound-proofing properties of the room;
• you can create complex textures.

The possibilities of decorative plaster are not limited only to the creation of an original texture. Decorative plaster can create intricate patterns and paintings.

As a base, it is best to use silicone putty mixtures. They are more elastic, allow you to achieve the perfect texture and the necessary relief, and also have a high resistance to mechanical damage. Despite the intricacy of the texture, such material is quite easy to care for. Dust and dirt can be easily removed with ordinary detergents.

Varieties of plaster textures for facade decoration

There are two types of decorative plaster for facade work:

According to the invoice, the following options are classified:

Tools for the preparation of decorative plaster

Before you start cooking, stock up on handy tools. This will simplify the work and allow you to quickly prepare the desired consistency.

Prices for building levels

Building levels

You will need:

Technology of the process of working with decorative plaster

1. Preparatory work to level the walls.
2. Preparation of decorative plaster from putty.
3. Creation of the base layer of plaster.
4. Work on creating a textured coating.
5. Finish coating.

Stage 1. Preparatory work before applying decorative plaster

Step 1. Carry out surface preparation. We clean off all paint, varnish and other debris. Thoroughly wash the wall.

Step 2 We prime the surface. This will close all the cracks, level the walls as much as possible and stop the absorption of putty by the wall surface, since the primer has excellent waterproofing properties.

Step 3 We apply an antiseptic and anti-corrosion protective layer. If decorative plaster is applied to a surface where there are metal nails, screws, pipes, then it is necessary to first apply a protective layer to all these parts. Otherwise, in the future, a rusty stain may appear through the plaster. Antiseptic will protect the surface from the formation of fungus, mold and other microorganisms.

Step 4 Let the primer and protective layer dry well for at least 12-14 hours. It is very important to wait this period of time, otherwise, after a short period of time, the plaster will lag behind the surface. If, after the first primer, a layer lag is visible or there is a suspicion of surface flowability, then it is recommended to prime in several layers, each time waiting for complete drying. The average time for polymerization and drying of the mixture is 15 hours, but before starting work, be sure to read the instructions on the package, as depending on the chemical components, the period can be significantly extended.

Video - Application of primer Ceresit CT 16

Facade primer prices

Facade primer

Video - The process of applying a primer to the walls

Important! All finishing work must be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5°C. Otherwise, the quality of the result and the operational properties of the facade finish will be low.

Step 5 We determine the degree of alignment by the building level. Keep in mind that the control of the evenness of the walls must be carried out in several positions: horizontally, vertically and diagonally.

Now that the walls can be finished, we are preparing decorative plaster.

Stage 2. Preparing decorative plaster: step by step instructions

Almost any ordinary putty can be used to prepare textured plaster.

In order to decorate the walls with textured putty, it is necessary to prepare the following materials:

• putty (usual from any manufacturer);
• white acrylic primer;
• water (cold);
• acrylic lacquer;
• paint of the required color;
• glaze for the final coating.

Step 1. We take a deep bowl (bucket) and mix in it in equal proportions the usual putty, water and mortar for sealing the seams. You can first mix only loose ingredients, and then slowly add cold water. Then you will speed up the mixing process and eliminate the formation of lumps.

Step 2 Thoroughly mix the mixture with a construction mixer or an electric drill with a whisk attachment.

Step 3 If the final version involves a certain color, then after thorough mixing, add the pigment to the finished consistency.

Step 4 Checking the texture of the finished material. If you feel that the consistency is too thick and does not allow you to work and create the necessary patterns on the surface, then you can add a little water, but do not overdo it, otherwise the material will roll or run down the surface for a long time.

Advice! Prepare exactly as much mixture as you need in the near future. The solution will thicken quickly enough and it will be difficult to work with it.

Stage 3. Create a base layer

We take a small amount of the prepared mixture with a spatula and apply a thin layer on the surface of the wall. The layer thickness should not exceed 2-3 mm. Use a special spatula for facade work to work and start stretching from the lower right corner.

Wait for a technological pause (10-30 minutes) before proceeding with the relief. The drying time of the base depends on the technical features of the working mixture.

Stage 4. Work on creating a textured coating

Step 1. Marking the wall. This is an important point if, say, you are planning to turn a design masterpiece into an idea and do not want to limit yourself to the usual application of textured putty. We mark the work area with masking tape, and the solution can go onto the paper. After the work is completed, this tape will need to be carefully removed.

Step 2 We take a spatula, we collect again a small amount of putty and put the mixture on the wall. It can be applied in several movements, depending on the design intent: scarring, circular movements, horizontal or vertical strokes. If you want to create chaotic strokes on the wall, without a specific pattern or relief, then you can alternate the technique. If your idea implies a certain pattern, then choose movements in one direction.

After each application of the mixture on the wall, carefully clean the spatula or grater before collecting a new portion of the solution. The remains of the mixture should never be lowered back into the bucket with plaster.

Important! Practice first applying relief to a sheet of drywall. This will give you the opportunity to “feel” the material and create exactly the pattern that you have in mind.

With a spatula with a serrated edge, you can create a specific pattern, and with a special roller with a ready-made pattern, you can transfer beautiful patterns to the wall. The structure and relief of the wall can be adjusted in the process. If the strokes are too sharp and thick, take a trowel and, lightly touching the wall, walk over the surface.

Bark beetle style performed by progressive continuous movements performed in a horizontal or vertical position. The drawing will depend on the movement of your hand and it is better to apply it with a grater, it will already appear during the application of the mixture to the wall. But individual strokes can be created with a grater, applying to the wall and pressing lightly.

The consistency of the solution should resemble thick sour cream, otherwise the mixture may drain from the wall, breaking the pattern. After applying one layer with a trowel, “milk” is removed from the trowel with a spatula, which no longer contains pebbles. If this is not done, then the relief of the "bark beetle" will not be pronounced. We hold the tool when applying the solution at an angle of 60 degrees.

The thickness of the layer will depend on the grain size in the finished mixture. The average drying time is 24-72 hours.

Video - Technology for applying bark beetle plaster

Advice! If you need to take a break from work, then seal the border of the completed finished drawing with masking tape, on top of which apply a wet solution. Upon returning to work, carefully remove the tape and continue the process. This will avoid visible furrows and transitions in the terrain.

"Pebble" texture achieved by sharp movements in a clockwise direction. It is very important not to interrupt the finishing work, as the hardening of the plaster can give a sharp transition on the wall.

The technology of applying pebble plaster - photo

Video - Lesson on applying pebble plaster

Step 3 For complete drying of the picture, it is necessary to protect the facade from the direct action of sunlight and wind. To do this, it is necessary to install a protective construction screen made of mesh or film.

Creation of a complex relief using a special roller

With the help of a special roller covered with steel mesh, rubberized or with pores, you can create a unique pattern of any complexity on the surface. You can purchase such a tool in a store or be creative and make such a roller yourself by wrapping it with twine or cord. Keep in mind that the more often the rope is wound, the denser the relief structure will be.

All work is carried out with a roller, which is carefully dipped into the putty and then the mixture is applied in a thin layer to the wall. Here you can turn on your imagination and work with a roller in various directions.

Prices for textured rollers

Stage 5 Finish coat

Now that the desired drawing on the wall has been created, we proceed to the final stage. You can paint decorative plaster in any color or varnish. This process is not complicated, but in order for the result to really please you for many years, several nuances should be taken into account.

Textured putty is best painted in 2 colors. This will give the surface more relief and add volume.

If you want to focus on the convex parts of the picture, then it is better to paint these places using the dry brush method. But all the depressions and recesses, on the contrary, will be emphasized by the wet brush method, which will slightly blur the color.

If you decide to paint textured putty in dark colors, then it is better to choose the wet brush method, which will slightly blur the pigment. When painting the surface in a light range, apply the paint with a dry brush.

After the staining process has come to the finish, let the paint dry well and open it with varnish. Firstly, it will give a beautiful shade to the paint, fix it and protect it from fading and fading. Use a water-based varnish and apply 2-3 layers, each time waiting for the previous one to dry completely.

Despite the fact that the process of creating decorative plaster from putty is not difficult and does not require serious skills, watch the video with step-by-step instructions to do everything right.

Video - Painting decorative plaster

Video - How to make decorative plaster from ordinary putty with your own hands

When the repair comes to an end, the question arises of choosing a quality finish for the walls. Among the mass of varieties of finishing raw materials, decorative plaster is very popular.

Those who prefer non-standard decoration techniques make such plaster with their own hands, using the most common putty. At the same time, the appearance of the finished surfaces is stylish and appropriate in different styles of interior design. Consider the methods of manufacturing this composition.

Features of putty and plaster

To understand the transformation of one material into another, it is necessary to have a general understanding of each of them. The final product, which is decorative plaster, differs from the usual variety of plaster materials, which are mainly coarse-grained and rough finishing composition of a pasty consistency. Its texture is softer and more delicate, so it can be prepared from ordinary putty.

The task of decorative plaster is not to level, but to decorate indoor surfaces.

Putty is nothing more than a surface leveler, which is sold in the form of a powder or a ready-made mixture in sealed packages. This is a plastic mass that is effective in leveling walls, it is used to eliminate base defects (for example, cracks, chips, scratches, crevices).

Its grit level is much less than that of conventional plaster materials, due to which it has a high viscosity. This material has a lot of advantages, the main of which is the absence of deformation and shrinkage when leveling the base.

Due to the fact that it is able to smooth the structure of the treated surface and make it homogeneous, it is one of the most relevant materials preferred by professional builders and finishers.

However, at the same time not every putty is suitable for the job, because the rough and finish varieties are grainy. At the same time, on the shelves you can buy oil, structural, acrylic putties.

Starting, you can prepare the base for further finishing, finishing may well become the decor of walls and ceilings, differing in the best texture uniformity.

Advantages

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster made from putty has many advantages.

Consider the main ones:

• It looks beautiful, allowing you to design a home in a different style at the choice of the owners of the house.
• Depending on the type of material used, it can be used to decorate planes indoors and outdoors.
• The texture of this coating can be given absolutely any: smooth, embossed, wavy, zigzag, as well as with a mass of textures and patterns that are created using various improvised tools and specialized equipment.
• This finish simplifies and speeds up surface finishing. You can make them beautiful in 1 light day, subject to preliminary preparation of the base.

• Decorative plaster is durable: for many years it will decorate the surface without changing its performance properties, original attractiveness of color and texture.
• This material absorbs noise well. Due to this decor, you will be spared the annoying sounds that often come from neighboring apartments.
• Decorative plaster is a good thermal insulation. It will insulate the walls of your home, which will be especially noticeable in the cold season.
• It is environmentally friendly: there are no harmful impurities in the composition, so there will be no harm to health during operation, which is especially important for allergy sufferers.
• The choice of components for creating decorative plaster is great. If desired, you can choose an individual composition that will allow you to realize the most unusual design solutions.

Crafting Recipes

You can turn putty into a decorative material yourself at home. This will not be difficult, although it will require additional waste. However, today it is not difficult to acquire the necessary components: trademarks offer a wide range of products in the public domain.

Consider the basic manufacturing recipes.

With PVA glue

To create a mass, take 6 kg of a powder mixture of ordinary putty and pour them into a pre-prepared clean container. 2 liters of water are added, the mass is kneaded, then 0.2 kg of PVA glue is poured into it, after which it is mixed again.

If there is no PVA glue, you can replace it with a drywall grout in a 1: 1 ratio.

primed

For this method, a powder composition (6 kg) is used, mixed with a primer to the consistency of homogeneous sour cream, then grout is added to the mass. The composition can include colored grout or paint of the desired tone.

For this recipe, you need to use a white primer.

Gypsum based

Some craftsmen use white gypsum powder compositions to turn a simple putty into a decorative one. To do this, take 6 kg of gypsum mixture, add 2 l of water at room temperature to them, knead until smooth, then add a glass (0.2 l) of PVA glue.

With marble chips

This recipe is suitable for decorating the surface with the "bark beetle" technique. To create decorative plaster, you will need a simple putty, which must be mixed with marble chips in a ratio of 1: 4 (1 part crumb to 4 parts putty). The mass is diluted with water and kneaded to the consistency of sour cream. It is not recommended to add the dye immediately - it is better to do this after the plaster has dried.

Venetian

This recipe requires the purchase of a special putty. In order for the surface to convey exactly Venetian plaster, it is necessary to purchase a mixture with quartz, marble, malachite chips, add slaked lime and dyes to it (you can use the color of the desired shade).

The mixture should not be liquid, but resemble a paste or thick sour cream in consistency.

Versailles

After leaving for a few minutes, then mix again. If necessary, you can add color (if the cultivated area is small). Silver is used for finishing decor after the drawing is completed. Its presence is mandatory for this style.

How to make decorative plaster Versailles, see the following video.

Preparing for decorating

In order to eliminate the overspending of material, to carry out the work as efficiently as possible, taking into account technological features and to make good decorative plaster from ordinary putty, it is necessary to initially prepare the base of the surfaces planned for decoration. This stage is mandatory: without proper preparation of the base, good adhesion and durability of the plaster decoration is impossible.

The process consists of several stages:

• From the room in which the finishing work is carried out, they take out all the furniture, cover, if possible, with polyethylene what cannot be taken out.
• Remove the old coating from the surfaces planned for decoration. If this is wallpaper, then in order to avoid the appearance of dust and accelerate their peeling, it is preferable to use a spray gun. After using it, removing them from the walls is not difficult.

• If there are bumps, old paint, lime, they are disposed of with a metal spatula. For paint, you can buy a special wash.

• After removing the coating, a visual inspection of the plane is carried out for chips, potholes, scratches and cracks: this will allow you to select the required amount of rough material, eliminating its overrun.
• The wall leveler is kneaded in the proportions indicated on the packaging of the material (approximately to the consistency of thick sour cream or paste), after which holes, potholes are masked, cracks and uneven bases are removed. It is not necessary to completely cover the plane with the leveler: this will increase the consumption of rough raw materials.

• After the walls are treated with rough material, they must be sanded with sandpaper or a special construction grater, after which the treated plane is wiped with a damp sponge or cloth.

• At this stage, it is necessary to treat the surfaces for plastering with a primer, using a composition with high penetrating power for finishing. It will make the base homogeneous, bind the dust, in some cases even the surface to perfection.

After the primer dries, you can apply decorative plaster. Since this material needs a quality foundation, from a rich selection of priming liquids, you should choose the one that contains quartz chips. This will enhance adhesion, because a viscous decorative material will stick better on a flat, rough base than on a smooth surface.

For a greater adhesion effect, you can treat the base with a primer twice, allowing each applied layer to dry.

After that, you can start decorating the plane with your own hands.

Patterns, embossing, roller textures

Although there are no great difficulties in applying decorative plaster, this process may seem complicated to a beginner.

When working, one should take into account the fact that the beauty and professional appearance of the finish directly depend on several factors:

• confident wave of the hand;
• tool;
• decorative inclusions in the composition;
• patience and meticulousness.

Applying decorative plaster to the surface is easy.

Let's look at a few tricks.

Roller

You can buy a ready-made textured roller - this will simplify the work.

If you want something exclusive, you can show your imagination, for example:

• wind a clothesline or cord around the roller;
• wrap the roller with cling film, deliberately creating folds;
• use a vegetable net by winding it on a roller;
• use a roller with a long pile;
• paint the surface with a roller with glued leatherette.

If you want to imitate wallpaper with a relief, instead of the usual roller, you can buy an option with a relief pattern.

Such a tool will allow you to apply the material in different ways:

• by pressing the roller into the material when the surface begins to dry;
• by painting the dried surface with a second layer of paint or liquid decorative plaster of the desired color.

Which way to use is better - everyone decides for himself. However, in any case, before making the finishing layer, you need to putty the base with a rough composition.

Spatula

The interior surface finish can be decorated with a spatula. Separate strokes cover the entire plane, deliberately leaving irregularities formed as a result of the use of a narrow or wide tool.

If a pattern is planned in the form of wavy or zigzag lines, initially they try to cover the entire plane evenly (without a pattern), then (when the surface is covered) confident curly lines are drawn with a spatula at regular intervals along the entire length of the base.

With this tool, you can perform a textured surface finish for marble, stone, brick. In each case, the movements are different: straight, arched, chaotic.

Other options

Instead of a roller and spatula, you can use a trowel, as well as a sponge, washcloth and even a nail. Some craftsmen create drawings with their fingers, a massage brush, a rough annular mesh sponge.

In skillful hands, even familiar plants can become a surface decoration tool. However, for a beginner, it is unlikely that it will turn out beautifully. In this case, it is better to limit yourself to a roller or special devices.

If you want creativity, you can draw on the surface with a large nail, creating, for example, stone or brickwork.

Let's consider several relevant techniques for decorating the plaster layer:

Fur coat

This texture resembles a needle base. This technique is suitable for indoor and outdoor work. To make it interesting, polyethylene is usually used. The relief effect is due to the thickness of the polyethylene.

Dense material will contribute to a deep texture. If you need a smoother surface, use a thin material. It is crushed, forming folds, and applied to the wall, slightly pressing, then the process is repeated over the entire plane.

bark beetle

This method of decorating the surface is one of the most popular. Outwardly, such a surface resembles wood carved by insects.

To imitate such a texture, you will need a special trowel - a tool made of plastic or wood with a comfortable handle. To do this, the composition is applied to the base in small portions with a layer of no more than 3 mm, applying a tool after 5-7 minutes and slightly shifting it up and down.

Some masters make the directions diagonally, others like the transverse pattern.

Stencil

This technique gives vent to fantasy. Today it will not be difficult to create a stencil on your own if you do not want to buy ready-made.

It is cut out of cardboard or plywood. The drawing is applied to the wall, sometimes fixed, then the solution is taken and the holes of the stencil are filled with it.

The subtlety of the process is the fact that you can remove the stencil after the decorative plaster has dried. The disadvantage of technology is the need for several templates, so buying is a more acceptable option. The advantage of the method is the relief of the pattern.

To make it look professional, after the pattern has dried, it should be lightly rubbed with a sandpaper with a fine abrasive.

combination

This technology allows you to use two techniques in one decoration. For example, it can be the use of background plaster with a silk texture (the addition of mother-of-pearl) and a three-dimensional pattern of a related color. The drawing is preferably made in relief.

A variety of floral and plant motifs, tree branches and leaves, as well as lace curls look especially beautiful on such surfaces.

Venetian style

The base composition is tinted in the main tone, then applied to the plane, thinly distributing the composition over the surface with a wide spatula. When the base dries, it is trimmed and cleaned of dust, then covered with a transparent primer. Now bred new material divide it into 2 parts and each of them is tinted with one color, but of different intensity. It turns out two compositions: light and saturated tones.

It is applied alternately on the wall in small portions, smoothing the areas between them. After the decor dries, the surface is treated with a thin layer of varnish or wax.. The finish will resemble glossy marble.

Versailles

This method requires surface preparation with quartz primer for decorative plasters. This will contribute to a better adhesion of the plaster to the base. The mass is applied to the surface with a spatula or trowel, after which a pattern is attached to it using a trowel. Movements can be undulating or chaotic.

After the pattern and the base have dried, the surface is slightly leveled, dusted, then primed and painted with water-dispersion paint. After that, silver and varnish are taken, mixed and coated on top with a paint roller, applying the composition with silver only to the protruding contours of the pattern.

After that, the entire surface is coated with a water-based varnish.

To prevent the coating from creating the feeling of a film, the varnish should be diluted by half before use.

With the help of a newspaper

In addition, to decorate the walls with plaster, you can use an ordinary newspaper, covering it with plastic wrap. In this method, it is preferable to use a starting putty, since the finishing variety can form microcracks when performing a deep relief.

The newspaper is crumpled, the upper part is packed in polyethylene so that the newspaper does not get wet. The layer of application of polymer putty should be larger than usual (approximately 5 - 6 mm). The newspaper is applied to the surface and slightly pressed, repeating this throughout the treated plane. After the facing cloth dries, it is primed and covered with acrylic paint.

To give the effect of aging, they pass over the painted surface with a fine sandpaper, brightening the decorative plaster of their own production in the places where the pattern protrudes.

Secrets of the masters

Each master during the finishing work has his own rules that must be observed.

We note the main ones:

• Decorative putty is not applied to crumbling surfaces and places with pollution: the material will not stick to them for a long time.
• A concrete base with oil paint will cause a lot of problems when finishing - it is necessary to wash off the dye.
• If adhesion to a given surface is doubtful, use a sickle mesh (it can be glued to the surface with PVA).

• It is undesirable to dilute the composition with a construction mixer: the better the mass is whipped, the faster it dries.
• Wash out the remains of each used portion completely: the remaining particles of the old composition will cause the new portion to harden soon.
• If you are going to paint a finished relief surface, do not do this earlier than a day after decorating the surfaces with plaster.
• Consider an important point: it will take twice as much for a deep plaster relief than for an almost smooth surface (for example, Versailles).

• Strong indentation will not give the desired effect. If you press hard on the roller or other tool, you can expose the base of the wall, which is unacceptable.
• The structural relief of the surface must be the same in any part of the finish, the thickness of the pattern layer must be identical, and the pattern is applied 1 time (do not repeat twice in one area).
• When creating a picture, you can use special stencils (for example, leaf moldings or special forms, through which you can even create brickwork).

To simplify the process, and most importantly, to achieve a result no worse than that of professional craftsmen, take note of a few recommendations:

• When making drawings with your own hands or with the help of a tool, try to keep the wave of your hand the same. If you are in a hurry, wanting to finish the job faster, the waves, strokes and curls will look detached and unprofessional.
• Do not save money on buying a decorating tool: only professionals can create a stylish pattern using improvised tools. A pattern created with a relief roller will look better than uncertain chaotic lines.
• If you plan to perform a relief pattern with decorative plaster, invite a specialist with artistic skills. Such individuals can do any experiments, while the result of the work will look stylish and appropriate.

• If you plan to decorate complex areas, do not leave corners, ledges and niches for later. Start with them, otherwise uneven finishes are possible.
• Buy high-quality putty with documentation. When buying, ask the seller for a certificate of quality and compliance with safety standards. This eliminates the risk of acquiring a fake, the composition of which can be harmful to health.
• Don't neglect the expiration date. If a month or two remains before its end, and the repair may be delayed, do not take the material for future use. After the expiration date, the properties of the composition will begin to change for the worse, therefore, such a finish will not be durable, the uniformity indicators will worsen when mixing the old solution.

• If possible, buy a dry composition: it eliminates the overspending of finishing raw materials, is more economical and convenient for decorating large planes. At the same time, the shortage problem is excluded - in extreme cases, you can always add a new portion.
• The finished composition in sealed packaging dries faster, while the consistency becomes thicker. This fact suggests that the work does not tolerate interruptions and stops: this is fraught with the formation of joints between the treated areas.

In addition, pay attention to such a nuance: if you add any inclusion to the composition, you must do this immediately for the entire mass. If for some reason you don’t have enough homemade plaster, you won’t be able to make a 100% identical mixture again: the shade, the effect, and the consistency will be different. In this case, you can decorate the surface with white material, and after it dries, paint it in the desired tone.

Decorative plasters, or decorative textured coatings, do not require further processing or surface finishing. They can be applied to walls and partitions made of any material - be it brick, concrete, drywall, wood or ordinary plaster. But the plaster hardens very quickly, so it is quite difficult to carry out finishing work with it on a large surface.

In addition, the use of decorative plaster for wall decoration requires mandatory thorough surface preparation (treatment with a primer, putty, grouting materials).

Typically, decorative plaster is available in the form of a dry or ready-to-use thick mixture. The basis of such materials includes a polymer binder, a filler (marble or granite chips, sand, lime), on which the texture of the future coating depends, as well as a liquid base - water.

Dry plaster in packages

The composition of decorative plaster often includes other additives that provide additional properties (different surface structure, protective anti-shock properties).

There are also special, separately sold additives for giving decorative plaster a particular color.

Plaster with colored additives

If the coating is made in the form of a dry mixture, it must be diluted with water in the required proportion. The plaster is applied quickly enough: first with a brush, and then with a spatula, or with another tool, or with a special tool right away (which one should be indicated in the instructions for using decorative plaster). Such a tool can be a roller, brush, trowel, trowel.

Stretch plaster is always applied with a trowel, from bottom to top. Such plaster is characterized by a denser grain structure. Outwardly, it is very different from ordinary plasters.

The use of decorative plaster provides many possibilities. For example, with the help of various molding tools, you can additionally create different types of textures.

Plaster consumption is measured in kilograms per square meter of surface and usually ranges from 1.5 to 3 kg.

Decorative synthetic plaster is also used for finishing both interior walls and facades. Depending on the granulation and the direction of grouting of such plaster, it is possible to create an individual structure of the walls of the interior. Such plaster is usually used as a finishing coat, but can be additionally coated with paint.

Decorative plaster in the room

Grout mineral plaster is characterized by a high content of natural grains, does not contain artificial resin. Differs in high ability to pass pairs of water. It is used for external and internal works.

Before covering the walls with decorative plaster, apply a preparatory layer of ordinary plaster over the beacons, consisting of spray and primer. The surface of the preparatory layer is scratched, giving it a roughness for better adhesion to the decorative layer. A well-seasoned preparatory layer is covered with a decorative mortar. Moreover, it can consist of two, three or more layers.

First, a spray from a decorative solution is applied to the preparatory layer, then a layer or layers of soil and, if required, a coating from the same solution.

Creating decorative plaster from ordinary

Decorative plaster "Wave"

A variety of textures for future coloring can also be “depicted” on ordinary plaster. For example, “waves” look great on lime-sand plaster.

To reproduce them on the surface, on fresh or previously rubbed plaster, notched and moistened with water, a second layer of mortar is applied in straight or curved stripes and smoothed with a spatula. Thus, a wavy surface is obtained.

Plaster "Wave"

Plaster "Traverine"

To create travertine (lime tuff) on the wall, a thin layer of colored mortar is applied by throwing on the prepared plaster surface. After that, smooth it with a spatula or steel trowel. The result is embossed islands on a smooth worn background - the so-called decorative "stones".

Plaster "Traverine"

For the process of applying this type of joke, see the video:

Stone plaster

To create a texture “under the boulders”, a plastic colored solution is applied to the soil, quickly leveled with a trowel and then the surface is cut with a hard hair or bristle brush. When trimming, the brush should be held strictly perpendicular to the surface. A hard brush is needed because only it gives clear, sharply defined “boulders”.

Stone plaster

Plaster "Dune"

Under the dunes, the colored solution is also first leveled with a trowel, and then the grater is placed with a little pressure and immediately torn off. The solution sticks to the grater and, together with it, is pulled away from the surface, which causes roughness on the surface. Outwardly, these roughnesses are very similar to sand dunes. If you want the dunes to be wavy, the grater can be torn off not straight, but slightly shifted to the side. To obtain the texture of small dunes, the mortar is first allowed to set a little. After that, it is slightly overwritten, put a grater on the surface and tear it off.

Plaster "Dune"

Watch how to apply Dune on the wall in a short video:

Plaster "Furrows"

The texture “under the furrows” is obtained using a bevel with semicircular teeth, which is made from a steel strip or wood. It has up to 30 mm width with sinuses between the teeth 10-15 mm. The teeth are sharpened in one direction. A sedentary solution is applied to the prepared soil, quickly leveled with a trowel, then they take the rule in their left hand and apply it to the solution that has not yet set. Now you need to attach the bevel to the rule with your right hand and drive it with the sharpened side of the teeth forward at an angle of 45 ° to the surface. Thus, even furrows are obtained. Their size and shape, of course, depend on the shape of the teeth of the bevel.

Plaster "Furrows"

Plaster "under a fur coat"

By spraying, throwing the solution through the net, shaking off the solution from a broom or brush.

Methods for applying plaster "under a fur coat"

Spraying through the net and from the broom is carried out with any solution (even with coarse aggregate). Only mortar with fine aggregates is suitable for spraying from a brush. To get a dense spray without skipping, repeat it several times until there are no uncovered spots on the surface. You can also use a special spray tool (it looks like a fan).

Spray plastering under a fur coat

Spraying on the grid is performed as follows. Stretch a grid with cells from 2.5 to 10 mm on a wooden frame measuring 100 x 100 or 100 x 50 cm (the specific size depends on the size of the texture). Stretch the wire diagonally from the back of the frame. It is necessary so that the mesh does not bulge or vibrate during operation. Attach the mesh to the wire, tie it. In order for the frame to always stand at the same distance from the wall, nail planks 10-25 cm thick to it.

Spraying plaster "under a fur coat" through the grid

The frame is attached to the surface of the soil and a solution is thrown through the mesh with a spatula from a falcon. Passing through the mesh, the solution remains on the surface in the form of tubercles. To make the texture the same for you, try to apply the solution with the same force.

When spraying from a birch broom, hold it with your right hand, and in your left take a round stick with a diameter of 4-5 cm, a length of 50-60 cm. Take the solution onto the broom and hit it against the stick, shaking it onto the wall surface. The size of the resulting texture will depend on the thickness of the broom rods, the density of the solution and the shaking force. Stir the solution from time to time during operation so that it does not delaminate.

Spraying plaster "under a fur coat" with a broom

To get a finer texture, spray with a brush. It is better to use a stiff hair or (best option) bristle brush. The brush is held with the left hand and, having been dipped into the solution at half the height of the hair, is brought to the surface with the bristles up. Then they pass along the bristles with a stick or a board (it is held in the right hand), and the solution from the brush flies off to the surface to be plastered. A thick texture, similar to the pile of a fur coat, will remain on the wall.

Brush for applying plaster "under a fur coat"

To get a texture similar to snow flakes, spraying is performed with flakes of a creamy plastic solution. The wall will be especially spectacular if the flakes of a white solution are applied to colored plaster. In this case, the colored solution is first applied, leveled and overwritten, and then sprayed over it. You need to do this without waiting for the plaster to dry.

To create a texture with a sponge, a solution of a creamy consistency is applied to the soil, it is quickly leveled and immediately end blows are applied to it with a sponge. After that, a relief remains on the surface of the plaster, the appearance of which depends on the shape of the pores of the sponge. So that the solution does not stick to the sponge, it must be moistened in soapy water and squeezed lightly.

Instead of a sponge, you can use a relief roller

To obtain relief patterns on a non-hardened plastered surface, special stamps or any convex objects can be used: shells, dense leaves, branches, and the like. Pieces of stone, brick, multi-colored glass fragments, shells can simply be pressed into the still soft plaster. It will harden and hold the mosaic together.

To give relief to the plaster, you can use a variety of objects

Plaster "sgraffito"

Another way to decorate walls using plaster is called "sgraffito" (scratched). This technique consists in scraping off thin layers of specially applied colored plaster. If there are several such colored layers, the resulting drawing will be voluminous and multi-colored, reminiscent of a fresco.

Wall decoration using the "sgraffito" method

Now let's move on to the consideration of techniques for decorating walls using terrasite plaster. This type of plaster consists of a large amount of fluff lime mixed with white cement, white sand, marble chips, glass, mica and other materials. The peculiarity of terrazitic plaster is given by the addition of mica and anthracite fines (up to 10% of the volume of cement).

A variety of terrazitic plaster

Stucco-hatching

The texture “for hatching” (straight or shifted strokes) with irregularities from 2 to 5 mm is obtained from fine-grained mixtures using a freshly applied mortar. The solution (in the range from 1 to 6 hours after application) must be processed with a notch with nail combs or a toothed scraper. The applied cement mixture can be processed with a trojan or scarpel. On the hardened solution, work begins no earlier than 6 days after its application.

Plaster "Rock"

The texture “under the rock” resembles a chipped stone, and it is made from a hardened mortar with a large aggregate by forging with a chisel or tongue. The sheet pile is driven into the mortar, thereby knocking out pieces and leaving recesses that form a uniformly granular surface. If the processing is carried out with a chisel or scarpel, cutting off pieces of the mortar, the surface will look like a torn or chipped natural stone.

Technology of application and texture of stone plaster

The surface of stone plaster before processing is divided into separate "stones". To do this, with the help of a chalked cord, lines of rows of “stones” or rustication of “seams”, as well as straps and other straight-line details, are pierced. After that, they begin to finish the plaster for one or another texture.

Invoice "under a fur coat" performed with different instruments. If you perform a notch with bush hammers with large teeth, the result will be a coarse-grained texture, with fine teeth - a fine-grained one, and when forging with a tongue, an especially coarse-grained texture will come out. Keep in mind: with large and long spikes of bush hammer teeth, the texture is deeper and larger.

For hatching grooves work is done by a bush hammer, only instead of teeth it should have blades. The depth of the grooves will be determined by the size of the teeth. The first forging is led along the line broken off by the cord, and the subsequent ones are parallel to it. To get a texture with the division of the entire surface into stripes, you need to use a trojan or gear.

Buchard and the Trojan

Invoice "under the dunes" on stone plaster is done with a chisel. The surface of the wall must first be cleaned with steel brushes or rubbed with bars. And then, with a well-compacted and rubbed surface of the plaster, you need to cut off a thin layer so that small depressions form.

Types of chisels

Under torn stone or coarsely chipped sandstone invoice make dowels, chisels, scarpels. First, a solution is applied to the surface with a layer of 4-6 cm, it is compacted and the surface is divided into “stones”. When the mortar sets, cut through or rusty, and then process the surface as needed to obtain a texture. A chisel or tongue is driven into the applied hardened plaster and pieces of mortar are broken off in different places to form large irregularities. If you want to get an texture for hewn sandstone, small pieces of plaster are chipped off with a chisel.

Fur coat and broken stone finish

Coarse-grained and fine-grained textures received in two doses. First, a cement mortar is applied - in small or large throws, - then a mortar for stone plaster is prepared and applied in a layer up to 10 mm thick over the set soil layer. The top texture can be fine-grained or coarse-grained depending on the filler.

Applying Venetian plaster

For best results, the surface to be covered with Venetian plaster should be as smooth, uniform (white) and non-absorbent as possible. You can not apply plaster on wood and metal - over time, the coating will crack.

Venetian plaster

Tools for Venetian plaster

To prepare and cover the walls with Venetian plaster, you will need the following tools:

• two brushes - maklovitsa and flute,
• roulette,
• long line,
• level,
• pencil,
• dosing syringe,
• measuring cups,
• mixing containers,
• mixer,
• ladder,
• bucket with water,
• sandpaper (no. 120 and 220),
• grinding grater,
• two stainless steel trowels 250 and 200 mm wide,
• wide and narrow spatulas made of polished forged stainless steel.

It is advisable to round off the working edges of the tools and polish them with a fine-grained sandpaper, completely removing scratches, burrs and other defects.

Before applying Venetian plaster, make sure the substrate is carefully prepared. With insufficient quality preparation of the base, cracks may appear on the surface that cannot be repaired.

Stages of applying Venetian plaster

The depth and transparency of the coating is achieved by a special application technique.

The master applies several very thin layers of coating on the wall, consisting of randomly located spots of material. The combination of many such spots and their layers creates the illusion of depth in the pattern of natural material. The number of layers varies from 2 to 10, but the total thickness hardly exceeds 1 mm. Each layer must be smoothed (pressed) manually with a spatula, grater, trowel until a completely even, smooth and glossy surface is obtained. Even for an experienced specialist, it takes almost an hour to work with 1 m² of one layer.

The first layer is usually made from a material that contains finely ground marble chips. It is applied to the surface with a steel trowel or spatula in the same way as putty. After 4-6 hours, covering, glazing layers can be applied to this layer, which will create the texture of the coating pattern.

Applying the first coat of plaster

If you want to get a matte finish, then the second and subsequent layers are made from the same material as the first. A glossy surface is obtained using a finely dispersed material mixed with a selected dye.

Getting started, apply a small amount of material with a spatula to the working surface of a long float. Now start working from any top corner. Proceed in the same way as when applying the finishing putty, applying the mixture in an even layer. Cover the areas near the floor with an upward movement. Press the ironer firmly against the wall, holding it at an angle of 10-15° to the surface. Make sure there are no gaps.

When the first layer dries, start applying the next one.

First mix the coating material: add dye to it (if you bought a “semi-finished product”) and mix everything thoroughly again.

Next, along the edge of the short trowel, apply a small amount of material with a narrow spatula and smear it with arbitrary strokes using arcuate short movements. Each movement should be approximately equal to the length of the float. If there is an influx on the wall at the end of the movement, disperse it with a straight-line movement at an angle to the influx line. Alternate spreading and acceleration movements and arbitrarily change their length and direction. At the floor, apply the coating in arcuate movements, starting from the bottom. Finish when the second layer covers an area of ​​about 0.7 x 0.7 m.

The stage of applying Venetian plaster

Now level the coating on this area with long strokes of the float in arbitrary directions. Every 2-3 strokes, clean the ironer and wipe it with a damp cloth. Increase the pressing force and the slope of the trowel plane to 20-25°. The result should be a uniform thin layer.

After 10 minutes, start smoothing the coating with the edge of a wide (200 mm) trowel. The movements of the spatula from top to bottom should be slightly intersecting. As gloss appears (this comes from heating and polymerization of the material), loosen the pressure on the spatula. If this is not done, the resulting crust can be damaged.

To finally gloss the surface, you need to smooth it with a clean trowel. At the same time, it is strongly pressed with both hands and held at an angle of 5-12 ° to the plane of the wall. When glossing the area near the floor, move the strokers from the bottom up and slightly cross them.

The next stage of applying Venetian plaster

When finished, proceed to apply the second layer to the next area, repeating successively all the steps of the operation.

The pressure on the trowel at the beginning and end of the movement is weakened (as when scraping). This allows you to change the thickness of the material layer. When smoothing and glossing, the movements of the trowel should cross the boundaries of adjacent areas. To get the desired texture, change the size of the trowel, the length of the strokes, the gaps between them, as well as the force of pressure on the tool.

When working in corners, openings, ledges and other difficult places, direct the spreading movements from the boundary line into the area. If necessary, use a spatula instead of a spatula.

Before the second layer is dry, start applying the next layer in random spots. At the same time, the entire finishing cycle is repeated in sections. Apply as many coats (moleno of different colors) as needed to achieve the desired result.

If you accidentally damage the surface, apply the first coat of material with a narrow trowel to and around the area. When it dries, repeat the entire operation to apply the next layer.

You can use the premises after the completion of all work in a day, but it is better not to rush. The walls will dry out completely in a week.

Venetian plaster

After all layers have dried, you can cover the walls with natural beeswax. It will enhance the shine of the coating and give a feeling of optical illusion. Waxing gives the coating additional moisture resistance. Some plasters produced today do not need to be waxed: all the necessary components are already contained in the material.

Wall decoration with decorative plaster: 10 types of textures with your own hands

There are many ways to decorate a house, but recently decorative plasters have become more and more popular. They are very diverse, allow you to create walls and ceilings that are unique in appearance. Different types give different effects, plus the application of decorative plaster can also be different. As a result - a huge number of variations for any interior in any style.

Types of decorative plaster

Decorative plaster - a marvelous interior decoration

Decorative plaster is used for finishing walls and ceilings indoors, facades of buildings. The basis can be various substances of both natural (gypsum, cement, marble dust) and artificial (acrylic, silicone, silicate) origin. It is called so because it forms an externally attractive surface with a different texture - from Venetian plaster smooth as marble to embossed stone or “under a fur coat”. The number of options is endless - applying decorative plaster is a creative process and it is unlikely to be repeated exactly. This is another plus of this type of finish.

By the type of surface formed, the following types of decorative plaster are distinguished:

• Embossed. After applying such compositions, some kind of heterogeneity and irregularities are often formed on the surface, that is, they create a relief. Their plus is the low requirements for the preparation of the base. It must be strong and must not crumble. There should also be no significant differences, but perfect smoothness is not required.
  
• Smooth. In this category, only one subspecies is Venetian plaster, but they allow you to create surfaces with different appearances. It is a plastic mass, often translucent. It includes dust of marble, malachite and other natural materials. With its help, you can imitate marble, cork, leather, silk, precious woods, various metals, malachite, granite finishes.

  

It must be said right away that textured and plastic plasters are often difficult to separate, since different techniques can be used on the same composition. The photo below shows options for only one type of plaster - different techniques for applying decorative plaster make it possible to obtain surfaces that are very different in appearance.

Some decorative plasters are so plastic that they can be used to create a work of art. It turns out very beautiful and original panels.

A few touches...

By changing the application of decorative plaster, all these various reliefs are obtained - from simple to complex.

It is worth considering further dividing them by area of ​​​​application. There are two large groups - for outdoor and indoor work. There are also universal compositions, but rarely. Almost all the compositions discussed above are for internal work. These are more interior solutions. Some of them are resistant to abrasion, some can be washed with detergents and even brushes, but they will not withstand harsh outdoor conditions.

Some types of textured plaster are suitable for outdoor use - bark beetle, for example. This type of finishing material just belongs to the universal. It can be seen on the facade, indoors. In apartments, these are usually corridors and, in offices and institutions, corridors or service rooms can be finished in this way.

An example of decorating a house with decorative plaster outside: stone plaster on the basement, above - on the walls - bark beetle

Putties for outdoor use generally have a rougher structure, contain components that increase resistance to ultraviolet radiation and other climatic influences. In this category there are specific plasters - stone. They consist of small fractions of natural stones in a binder solution. The application of this type of decorative plaster is simple with a spatula or a stainless grater. Other elements are rarely used. On facades and fences, creating reliefs is not a good idea - dust will clog and spoil the appearance, and it is not easy to wash it out.

Surface preparation

Different types of decorative plaster require different degrees of surface preparation. But we can definitely say that it is necessary to remove everything that can fall off. The surface must be strong, dry and clean, must not crumble. Also a mandatory step is a primer. And not with any composition, but with a special one that creates a rough coating. It increases adhesion (adhesion).

For relief (structural and textured)

Under all relief, you can not especially level the walls or ceiling. The composition is applied in a fairly decent layer - up to 1 cm, so it hides differences up to 8-9 mm. But, in order to reduce the consumption of an expensive composition, it is still recommended to remove large irregularities. The protrusions are cut off, the pits are covered with suitable plaster. The next step is to apply a primer. After drying, you can start applying decorative plaster.

Structural plaster is usually applied in two layers. The first - basic - is laid evenly and dried. The layer thickness is indicated by the manufacturer, usually set with some tolerance. This layer also serves as a leveling layer, but again, in order to reduce costs, it is better to pre-level the surface. The second layer is already applied a little thinner, and a relief begins to form on it.

But not all structural plasters are two-layer. On many, you can form a relief immediately after application, without a base layer. Usually the recommended layer in this case is somewhat thicker.

Under Venetian plaster

The compositions of this group require a perfectly flat surface. Not as smooth as for painting, but almost the same. Small differences are allowed - no more than 2-3 mm per square meter. standard - first, a layer of plaster (ordinary) is applied to the walls, a paint grid is embedded in it. After drying, a leveling layer is applied - to a perfectly even state. Next - a primer, and after the drying of this layer - the application of Venetian plaster.

Application techniques

It is impossible to talk about each method of applying decorative plaster - there are a lot of different details and nuances. The simplest case is with textured plasters. They are simply applied with a spatula. The whole difference is in the direction of movement of the spatula, in the depths of the beards that leave inclusions, and in color. But this is in the base version. No one bothers to experiment on these compositions. Another thing is that the structural effect of the same actions is more impressive - more plastic compositions.

What can be used to create a decorative effect

Applying decorative plaster is possible with many tools and common household materials and fixtures made from them:

• Trowels and graters made of metal. They are used not only for applying the composition in an even layer, but also for forming geometrically chaotic patterns on it.

  

• Construction graters made of plastic, polystyrene. They level out the freshly formed overly protruding relief.
• Sandpaper with fine grain. Also for leveling the relief, but on already dried material. When compared with the previous method, the effects are different.
• Foam sponges. They are multifunctional. They can:
  
• Cellophane films and bags. Also a multifunctional tool:
  • Spreading a thin soft plastic film on freshly applied decorative plaster, you can form a relief with your hands. It can be some kind of abstraction or something with some motives. When the relief is ready, the film is carefully removed, the relief is left to dry.
  • Crumpled paper is wrapped in cling film. Get a simple but effective tool for the formation of a heterogeneous and chaotic pattern. You can use different application techniques - circular movements, short “pokes”, waves, strokes, comets, tails, etc.
  • Just crumpling the cellophane, but already more rigid and “poking” it into the plaster, we get a surface that is somewhat reminiscent of the moon.
• Rollers. Ordinary foam rubber or fur rollers are used, as well as special ones with some kind of pattern. Regular ones are used to create a basic relief, on top of which more pronounced strokes are then applied. The type and shape of the "basic" relief depend on the length of the pile. When rolling with a foam roller, small protrusions-cavities are obtained. When rolling hairy - more pronounced. The longer the pile, the greater the difference.

  

  Different rollers - different surfaces

• Hands in rubber gloves. any pattern can be made. The task is to repeat more or less similar on the rest of the plane.

  

• Brushes. You can get stripes, waves and a bunch of other appearance options.

Principles of relief formation

Decorative plaster is attractive because it allows you to create a unique pattern - you can use your own imagination. To make this drawing look harmonious, you need to know some general rules. Good manufacturers in the description of each composition have rules for working with it. It describes the procedure, methods of application, methods of forming decorative surfaces.

A simple way - rolling with a roller with a pattern formed on it

Large firms (manufacturers or shopping centers) hold master classes, where everyone can try to work with a specific decorative plaster, which is also provided there, and not experiment “on the spot”. Therefore, before buying, be sure to read all the available material, watch the videos, which are also often available, and in large numbers - there are really a lot of working methods. Describing in words is difficult and often incomprehensible. Much easier to do everything in video format. We will try to briefly summarize the techniques.

• • When working with structural plasters dyed in mass (the color is added to the composition), a thin base layer is first applied. It can be smooth, maybe - slightly textured - rolled by one of the rollers. This layer is allowed to dry (6-24 hours depending on the manufacturer). Then one of the reliefs is formed with the same or clarified composition (uncolored composition is added, obtaining a mass several tones lighter). Further options:
    • • Immediately after formation, while the plaster has not dried, the parts that are too protruding are lightly smoothed with a stainless or plastic trowel.
    • Wait until the layer dries. With sandpaper attached to a holder or a wooden block, some part of the relief is cleaned off.
  • When working with textured plasters, one layer is applied. Without waiting for drying, they immediately take the grout and form the desired relief. An example is working with bark beetle plaster. This composition is widespread, but basically all surfaces are made the same - with vertical strokes formed by inclusions. There are some very interesting techniques in the video.

• The most difficult technique for applying Venetian plaster. The layers are very thin, translucent, there are many of them and are applied in different ways:
  • • An even, thin base coat is applied first. He dries up.
    • Thin chaotic strokes are applied, which gradually fill the surface. In this case, a certain, not very pronounced relief is obtained - strokes of different thicknesses are obtained, different directions.
    • The layer is left to dry for 4-5 hours.
    • They take a large stainless spatula or grater and rub (iron) the surface. In this case, the sharp edges are slightly erased, the surface becomes smooth in places, in places it looks velvety. The "marble effect" begins to appear.
    • The next layer is almost the same, but you just need to level the surface as much as possible.
    • The layer is left to dry for 1.5-2 hours.
    • Smooth down with a smooth, burr-free spatula with rounded ends (so as not to accidentally damage). At this stage, the surface acquires a glossy sheen.
    • The final stage is the coating with decorative wax. This layer increases the moisture resistance of the coating, the glossy sheen becomes more pronounced.

Applying decorative plaster: video tutorials

Not all the nuances of finishing work can be clearly described in words. Previously, everything was passed from the master to the students with the help of an internship. Modern technologies make it possible to make the process more massive - video lessons and master classes give an idea of ​​how to move, which is very difficult to describe in words. This section contains some interesting ideas for decorating walls with embossed plaster.

As you understand, applying decorative plaster is a creative matter. But without experience, it is difficult to imagine what results one or another of your actions will lead to. We look carefully, we try to copy the movements. First, it is advisable to practice on a piece of puttied drywall - to work out the technique. When the result suits you, you can start decorating the walls.