Suspended ceilings according to the Knauf system are two-level. We make a plasterboard ceiling using Knauf technology. Advantages of technology: why is it used

You can make a beautiful and durable ceiling indoors with the help of plasterboard sheets. This universal, high-quality, but at the same time, easy-to-install building and finishing material allows you to create a perfectly flat surface for finishing.

A suspended ceiling made of Knauf plasterboard sheets can be installed in both small and large rooms. Durable, but flexible building material will make any design fantasy a reality, both simple and complex curvilinear.

Advantages

Suspended ceiling with fastening to the bearing base of the ceiling

P 112. The main frame profiles are metal elements fixed at different levels (two-level technology).

Suspended ceiling with fastening to load-bearing wall bases

P 131. Design on a metal frame, single-level. Unlike other complete systems, the frame consists of profiles of partition systems and is attached not to the ceiling, but to the enclosing structure of the room (walls). It is recommended to make such ceilings in rooms with limited height.

Knauf sheets

Knauf sheets have a number of unique properties, due to which they can be used in rooms of various functionality. Applications: business-class commercial buildings, luxury residential buildings, educational institutions, medical centers, cinemas, high-end hotels.

Gypsum building board KNAUF (gypsum board, KNAUF-GSP) is made in the form of a rectangular two-layer cardboard structure. Between the layers of cardboard there is a gypsum core containing impurities in the form of reinforcing components.

The applied facing cardboard is used as a reinforcing frame, it is harmless and recommended for use in residential premises. At the same time, the cardboard has an increased grammage, thanks to which the front side of the sheet becomes ideal for high-quality decorative finishes.

The gypsum core inside the cardboard sheets is non-flammable, fire resistant, non-toxic and does not release harmful substances into the environment.

Additives mixed with gypsum binder increase the overall strength, density, and other performance properties of the material. In addition, special adhesive components ensure tight adhesion of gypsum and cardboard.

Accessories for Knauf ceiling systems

In our country, this technique has become widely used in the conduct of finishing work in offices and residential premises. Due to the low cost of materials and the high speed of work, construction organizations everywhere use the innovative Knauf technology.

Suspended drywall structures have excellent characteristics and are able to quickly change the appearance of the premises. Gypsum slabs are lightweight, have a perfectly flat surface, are environmentally friendly and are quickly assembled by a small group of trained professionals. With a little skill and a regular tool, installation and replacement of drywall sheets can be carried out even by a poorly trained worker. In our country, drywall has become one of the most popular and widely used materials.

The use of modern materials and technologies makes it possible to carry out repair work more rationally. Plastic material allows you to create multi-level structures of various shapes, which helps to visually expand the interior space of the apartment.

Suspended ceiling from Knauf sheets on a single-level frame

Today, many builders prefer to use comfortable, durable sheets of drywall instead of wet plaster. They guarantee that the work will be completed in the shortest possible time, and the surface of the ceiling will become perfectly smooth and even.
If necessary, the finished plasterboard ceiling can be quickly painted or wallpapered. Carrying out repairs, and not having enough funds, you can easily get out of the situation using new technology. A single-level ceiling can be mounted independently without the involvement of qualified specialists.

It is enough to follow simple rules by marking and installing a metal frame. The main thing is to decide in advance what type of lighting you will use later and lay the internal wiring. When installing built-in spotlights, the height of the gap between the base and the drywall slab should be approximately fifteen centimeters. This will allow you to mount the lamps, drowning them in the ceiling. If you are going to illuminate the room with external lighting fixtures, the gap should be no more than five centimeters.

• (2) Knauf profile PP 60/27 - 2.9 rm. m
• (3) KNAUF profile PN 28/27 – * linear m
• (4) Profile extension 60/27 - 0.2 pcs.
• (5) One-level connector 60/27 - 1.7 pcs.
• (6a) Hanger with clamp 60/27 - 0.7 pcs.
• (66) Suspension rod - 0.7 pcs.
• or instead
• (6c) Straight hanger 60/27 - 0.7 pcs.
• (6g) Screw LN 9 - 1.4 pcs.
• (7) Screw TN 25 – 23.0 pcs.
• (8) Anchor element - 0.7 pcs.
• (9) Dowel K 6/35 – ** pcs.
• (10) Reinforcing tape - 1.2 lin. m
• (11) Putty Knauf-Fugen - 0.4 kg
• (12) Primer Knauf-Tiefengrund - 0.1 l.

Make sure that the luminaire's mounting location has a reliable, durable frame and is able to support the weight of the external structure. All wiring connections must be carefully insulated.

Suspended ceiling made of Knauf sheets on a two-level frame

Complex structures with several levels are best placed in a room with a large area. This will help to visually delimit the interior space, highlighting recreation and work areas. Such a ceiling is ideal for masking communications passing through the base or giving the room additional volume. It is much more difficult to install a two-level frame, so specialists who are well versed in their field should be involved in the work. A small ledge above the work area will help to place a set of lamps in it, which will highlight the area and help give the room a personality.

For a more contrasting highlight of the zone, you can repeat the pattern of the ceiling on the floor, which will make the design of the room more beautiful and original.

Composition of the complete system - quantity per m2

• (1) Knauf-list GSP-A (GSP-H 2, GSP-DF) - 1.0 m2
• (2) Knauf profile PP 60/27 - 3.2 rm. m
• (3) Profile extension 60/27 - 0.6 pcs.
• (4) Two-level connector 60/27 - 2.3 pcs.
• (5a) Hanger with clamp 60/27 - 1.3 pcs.
• (56) Suspension rod - 1.3 pcs.
• or instead
• (5c) Straight hanger 60/27 - 1.3 pcs.
• (5g) Screw LN 9 - 2.6 pcs.
• (6) Screw TN 25 – 17.0 pcs.
• (7) Anchor element - 1.3 pcs.
• (8) Reinforcing tape - 1.2 lin. m
• (9) Putty Knauf-Fugen - 0.4 kg
• (10) Primer Knauf-Tiefengrund - 0.1 l.

If you are going to make a multi-level ceiling, make sure that the height and volume of the room allow you to carry out such work. The design looks great only in large rooms, so two-level ceilings are most often placed in private houses and cottages where they can fully reveal their capabilities. An LED summer attached along the contour will help make the structure more airy. In addition, multi-colored LEDs help quickly change the mood of the room with the help of lighting.

Necessary elements for assembling the ceiling

Before starting work, you need to carefully consider what design you will create. Make a detailed plan and write down on a piece of paper the right amount of materials that you will need in the process.
In this case, you will not waste precious time searching for and delivering the missing tools and materials. To cut drywall sheets, use an electric jigsaw or a regular hacksaw. If you are going to make a figured, multi-level ceiling, you will probably need thick cardboard sheets that are used to make patterns.

Drywall boards must be stored horizontally. The best way to keep them in perfect condition is to lay them on a piece of thick plywood on the floor. If cracks appear, do not be discouraged. After installation, widen the area of ​​damage and fill it with putty. After it dries, you can sand this area, which will completely hide the crack.

PN 27x28 and PP 60x27

For mounting the frame, two types of galvanized profiles are used, each of which has its own purpose and performs certain functions.

Hangersandconnectors (crabs)

When marking, it is necessary to clearly take into account the step between the attached suspensions that serve as the basis for attaching the ceiling profile. The U-shaped suspension is guaranteed to withstand the weight of the frame and plasterboard attached to the base.
At the junctions of the profile, a special “crab” is placed, which has a reinforced body and special fasteners. Hangers and crabs are installed in strict order in a predetermined sequence along the marking lines.

Knauf-sheets GKL

For the manufacture of a suspended plasterboard ceiling, sheets are used that have certain characteristics. If you are going to mount the structure in the kitchen, you must take into account that there will be temperature fluctuations and humidity changes often.
When working in the bathroom, you will need drywall that is not afraid of water ingress, and when making complex structures, the sheet should have a small thickness and high ductility.
Today you can find materials that have several useful properties, so you need to decide in advance which drywall sheet is ideal for repairs in your home. This depends on the cost of the repair.

Fastener materials

When choosing fasteners for plasterboard ceilings, it must be borne in mind that screws and self-tapping screws with wide hats are ideal for its durability and strength.

When installing plasterboard plates, it is necessary to leave a gap of at least two millimeters, this will help the structure to be more mobile. The joints are sealed with a special putty with a mandatory reinforcement of this space.
After the work is done, the entire surface of the ceiling is polished with fine sandpaper until a perfectly flat and smooth surface is obtained. After that, you can apply paint or glue wallpaper. The more carefully each stage of work is carried out, the better and more durable the result of your work will be.

Plasterboard ceilings have long been the main way of conducting interior finishing work in rooms of any size and configuration. In a short period of time, you can radically change the appearance of the apartment, if you use innovative technology correctly.

There are no similar posts, but there are more interesting ones.

In recent years, suspended structures have become increasingly popular. And all because with their help you can create an original design, while eliminating dirty finishing processes.
At the same time, you can quickly mount the ceiling of a large area, which is also not unimportant for builders.
Many manufacturers, including the German company Tigi-Knauf, offer our attention not just individual building materials, but complete Knauf systems - suspended ceilings. This is very convenient: when purchasing such a system, you do not need to worry that some parts may not fit in size or drilling.
Each kit comes with assembly instructions, following which you can install it yourself. Here we will tell you about these ceilings.

Design features

The system of any false ceiling comes down to one thing: it consists of a rigid frame fixed to the base ceiling and a decorative coating that is suspended in relation to it. Hence the name.
can be either metal or wood. But the modules from which the decorative surface is assembled can be very different by the type of material used.
The most affordable are plasterboard ceilings, and the leader in their production is a world-famous company that manufactures its products under the Knauf trademark. The company specializes in gypsum, producing on its basis all kinds of primers, putties and dry plaster mixtures, not to mention the well-known drywall sheets.

A suspended ceiling manufactured by Knauf can have various functional purposes. For the installation of moisture-resistant ceilings, modules from GKLV are used, for - perforated, and so on.

The most popular Knauf models

P211 (option 1)

• This option has a frame consisting of wooden bars with a square 3x3 cm, or a rectangular 5x3 cm section, which are attached to the ceiling with direct suspensions. Suspended single-level surface is created from solid sheets of drywall, fixed to the bars.
  The total weight of the structure is about eleven kilograms.

P211 (option 2)

• Here the frame structure is different. The bars, unlike the first option, are located at different levels.
  It is used when creating a multi-level structure. The frame also consists of wooden blocks.
  The price of P-211 is the lowest, which makes this system attractive to the general population.

P212

• This design provides for a frame not made of wood, but of a metal profile PP 60 × 27. More than the ceiling of the P-212 is no different from the P-211.
  Here, too, there are two options: in one level, and in different levels.

P146

• Acoustic ceiling, the frame of which is assembled from T-shaped metal profiles T 24x32. As a decorative layer, either square slabs, 60x60 cm in size, or rectangular 60x120 cm, are used.
  They can be perforated, or simply decorated, as in the photo.

P19

• This type of construction is called a complex architectural and decorative ceiling. The combination of profiles of different sections forms a multi-level frame with curved surfaces.
  Knauf suspended ceilings of the P-19 system are not mass-produced, but are carried out strictly according to the design project.

Fasteners for Knauf ceilings

So:

• For the assembly of Knauf ceilings, several types of fasteners are used. To fix the U-shaped profile, anchor hangers with a clip-latch are used.

• For a T-shaped profile, combined fasteners are used, they differ somewhat in shape from anchor hangers. In both cases, the rod is fixed to the suspension with a latch.
• As for wooden frames, their fasteners consist of two parts: the suspension itself with a spike and traction. The rod can be of various lengths, reaching one and a half meters, with a diameter of 0.4 cm.
  It is fixed on the suspension with the help of spikes, through the holes in the wringing plate.
• Straight hangers are delivered deployed, and during installation their ends are bent in the form of the letter "P". They are used when the distance between the base and suspended ceilings must be reduced to a minimum value.
• Adjustment of the suspended surface of the ceiling with a metal frame is carried out using vernier hangers, consisting of three parts: a hanger and two clamps.
• Its length, from 0.2 to 1 meter, allows you to hang the ceiling at almost any distance from the ceiling. Used in rooms with.

Installation of such a design, as well as any false ceiling, should begin with markings. According to it, the supporting profiles are mounted: in increments of 50 cm in length, and 40 cm in width. It is this standard size that the Knauf sheet has.
They are mounted with an offset, having previously removed the edge with a planer at an angle of 22-23 degrees. How to do this, it is better to watch the video.
Thus, a seam groove is obtained between the sheets, which will then be processed with putty, with reinforcing tape laid on it. Further finishing work can be done after the complete drying of the top coat.

Knauf ceilings are considered the most popular in our time, because with their help you can seriously transform the ceiling surface of any interior space. In this article, we will try to adequately answer questions about how the ceiling is installed according to the Knauf system, as well as what the Knauf technological map is and tell you about its purpose.

When installing a plasterboard ceiling, you need to follow some instructions that will help you do the job efficiently and correctly. They are not much different from the requirements for the standard installation of plasterboard ceilings, but have their own characteristics.

Features of installation of false ceilings from plasterboard according to the Knauf system:

• Ceilings can be installed on an unprepared ceiling surface.
• Ceilings of the Knauf system are installed on ready-made ceilings finished with plasterboard.
• Application of the system is possible on a metal, wooden and frame already covered with materials.

Marking the plane of suspended ceilings

Having determined the materials and tools for mounting decorative trim, we need to correctly mark the ceiling plane. According to the requirements of the technology, it is necessary to retreat from the finished ceiling at least 10 - 12 cm, because this distance is necessary for the installation of special load-bearing suspensions, laying communications, installing decorative lamps, etc.

Marking is carried out along the perimeter of the walls, using a water or laser level, as well as dyeing laces, which will put even lines on the surfaces.

After marking the walls, we understand at what level the Knauf plasterboard ceiling will be located, but now we need to make markings for the supporting metal profile, on which the sheets will be fixed.

The longitudinal bases of the frame are marked in steps that depend on the load of the ceiling, but it is most correct to place them at a distance of 60 cm from each other. The transverse bearing profile is marked with the same step, but the distance may vary, depending on the requirements of the technology, the weight of the ceiling, subsequent finishing, decorative finishing and other parameters.

Frame device

The frame for the plasterboard ceiling made of a metal profile is mounted on the walls and on the ceiling. Initially, along the lines marked on the walls, we install the carrier profile. Further, according to the markings on the ceiling, with the help of rods and suspensions, we install the main carriers of the ceiling frame. Here it is very important to work correctly with the length of the profile, its uniform laying in relation to other parts of the frame, as well as its level. To do this, you can use leveling threads, a laser or magnetic level.

It is very important to know that the profile can always be cut or lengthened, pulled up or lowered from the ceiling, the main thing is that the frame is in a single plane, which will allow you to build a really smooth and beautiful ceiling in future work.

Stiffening ribs, or a transverse support profile, is installed on the main carriers using a single-level connector, which is very simple, since special fasteners easily snap into place on the profiles. After its installation, it is necessary to check all levels, and if the work is of high quality, fasten the longitudinal and transverse profiles together with metal screws.

sheathing

Knauf ceiling technology does not mean simple sheathing, but according to mandatory requirements that will improve the quality of the finished structure, as well as ensure its reliability.

• So, each piece of gypsum must be cut correctly using a special tool. It is also necessary to make a chamfer on the outside, which will then be puttied.
• All sheets for Knauf plasterboard ceiling are installed in a run-up with a step in the transverse fastening of the profile. Most often, this is a standard step of 60 cm. This is necessary to strengthen the plane and to avoid cruciform joints, which, one might say, are even prohibited when installing GKL sheets on a profile.
• Gypsum should be mounted on the frame with a certain gap between the pieces, which should be 5-7 mm. This will help remove the mechanical load from the sheets and prevent cracks and chips, which often appear when ceilings and walls are incorrectly finished with gypsum.
• Sheathing occurs with standard self-tapping screws, in increments of 20-30 cm, depending on the requirements and load of the structure. Sheathing can be done with a mechanical, electric or pneumatic tool, depending on which one you have access to.

Suspended ceilings made of Knauf plasterboard can be laid with special materials from the inside to ensure energy savings and increase sound insulation of the room in which the decoration takes place. For insulation, you can use special materials or standard mineral wool, with which we are already accustomed to working. It can also act as soundproofing for the Knauf ceiling, but a sealing tape for a metal profile will also help to ensure it.

Finishing work

Suspended ceilings of the Knauf series are provided for a variety of finishes, and therefore they can be covered with wallpaper or painted with your chosen paint. Also, the ceiling plane can be finished with other materials, but the possibility of this should be provided for even before the start of installation, because not only the requirements of the room where the work takes place are important here, but also the conditions for the production of the ceiling, which directly depend on the size of the finishing material, its weight and the weight of the subsequent decoration.

Decorative finishing occurs necessarily after plastering or puttying the plasterboard ceiling.

Technological map Knauf

A typical flow chart for finishing work using complete Knauf systems was developed for convenience in observing the correct technology for installing ceiling structures. Integrated systems help installers in calculating the required amount of material for a plasterboard ceiling, drawing up a map - a drawing and properly assembling the structure.

The purpose of a typical technological map is the development of projects for the work performed with gypsum plasterboards, the organization of the construction of structures. In addition, the technological map is an information tool for professionals involved in the installation of suspended plasterboard ceiling structures.

The Knauf technological map has a number of specific requirements that must be observed during the production of work, indicates the consumption of materials for different sizes of structures being erected and the exact order of work during installation.

A suspended ceiling according to the Knauf system is an interesting job and an opportunity to qualitatively diversify and provide the most exclusive projects, because you can always work not only with single-level and multi-level ceilings and planes, but also use interesting architecture in your work. If you work with drywall regularly, the technological map developed according to the Knauf system will be an excellent assistant in your actions and undertakings.

Complete systems Knauf (video)

Consider the Tigi-Knauf ceilings. This technology was first proposed by the German company Tigi-Knauf, they have become very popular and are referred to by the name of this company. In Russia, they are widely used in industrial, office construction, as well as in the decoration of residential premises. The relative cheapness, speed and relative ease of installation made the Knauf suspended ceiling in demand in our market.

Advantages

Such a ceiling in combination with sound and heat insulating materials gives optimal performance.

The Knauf tiki suspended ceiling kit includes plasterboard sheets of certain sizes and a special metal frame.

Conditions for installation

Installation of suspended ceilings made of plasterboard is recommended to begin during the finishing work, but always after the completion of the main work associated with the wet process. Also, all work on leveling the walls must be completed. If the walls are sheathed with drywall, then they must be sheathed by this moment, if plastering work is provided, then they must be plastered.

Installation must be carried out under the condition of maintaining a dry or normal humidity regime in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings". The temperature in the room where work is performed and where materials for installation are stored should not fall below 10°C.

Before starting the installation, an accurate calculation of the future structure is carried out, the grid construction is marked in accordance with the recommended step for this type of ceiling and the marking of the attachment of suspensions to the base ceiling in accordance with the type of load (see)

Advice. All electrical, ventilation and other communications, if they pass above the false ceiling, must be installed and their performance must be checked.

Elements for assembling the Knauf ceiling

PN 27x28

PP 60x27

Connector p60x27 or, as they are called, "crabs"

Hangers

Connectors (extenders) for the profile (if the sides of the room exceed three meters)

Gypsum cardboard KNAUF sheet (GKL, GKVL, GKLO)

Fasteners (self-tapping screws, dowels for attaching suspensions and profiles to walls)

• Self-tapping piercing screw LN 9. Used for fastening metal profiles, does not require pre-drilling.
• Self-tapping screw TN 25. Used for fastening plasterboard sheets with a metal profile.
• anchor element.

Specifications

The weight of one square meter of the finished ceiling is about 13.5 kg, it may vary slightly depending on the sheets used. For example, in wet rooms, it is necessary to use GKLV sheets - moisture resistant, and for fire hazardous rooms, GKLO sheets are provided - fire resistant.

For one square meter of finished ceiling you need:

• profile guide knauf mon 28x27 knauf- on the entire ceiling in an amount equal to the perimeter of the room
• ceiling profile knauf pp 60x27– 2.9 linear meters
• connector 60x27 or, as they are called, "crabs" - 1.7 pcs.
• hangers with clamps 60x27 and rods to them or straight suspension 60x27 - 0.7 pcs.
• profile connectors(if the sides of the room exceed three meters)
• drywall KNAUF - 1 m2(GKL, GKVL, GKLO)
• fasteners(self-tapping screws, dowels for attaching hangers and profiles to walls)
• Self-tapping piercing screw LN 9- 1.4 pcs.
• Self-tapping screw TN 25- 23.0 pcs. Used for fastening plasterboard sheets with a metal profile.
• anchor element- 0.7 pcs.
• Dowel K 6/35- 2 pcs. for 1 running m profile PN 28/27.
• Reinforcing tape(serpyanka) - 1.2 linear meters
• Plaster putty KNAUF(Fugenfüller) - 0.4 kg.
• Primer Knauf(Tiegengrund) - 0.1 l.

Preparation for the installation process

What tools do we need in order to assemble suspended ceilings with high quality. Prepare the following set of tools:

• perforator
• screwdriver

Advice. Screwdrivers are best used on batteries. It's more convenient and safer.

• metal scissors

Important. For large volumes, you can use a grinder with a circle for metal.

• paint pad with paint
• roulette
• rule with level
• laser or water level.
• knife for cutting drywall sheets
• special planer for processing the edge of the sheet

Despite the impressive list of professional construction tools, Knauf complete systems are mounted quite simply, of course, if the master has an idea how to use these tools and carefully studies the ceiling construction technology.

Ceiling markings

• We need a water or laser level and a lace - a paint beat. From the lowest point of the ceiling or technical protrusions on it, we beat off the level with a cord around the entire perimeter of the walls.

Advice. What is rebate used for? If you use a water level or a laser level, then simply mark the corners, and then connect them with a bevel.

• Next, we decide at what height we want to get the final ceiling. It must be understood that from the repulsed level, the entire system will drop by the width of the profile plus the thickness of the sheet or, if desired, two sheets of drywall, that is, by 4-5 cm.

Advice. Pay attention to the location of all electrical and other process wiring in the space above the ceiling frame. Any possibility of inadvertent damage to them by the pointed edges of the metal frame or screws when attaching drywall sheets should be excluded.

Installation of the frame of the crate

• We proceed to fastening along the entire marked perimeter of the 28X27 guide profiles using any type of fastener that is suitable for your walls.
• We mount the Knauf 27X60 ceiling profile. The step of fastening the profile is recommended 40 cm.
  • To connect individual segments of the profile, which are installed at an angle of 90 degrees relative to each other, use a single-level connecting profile, otherwise a "crab". This element received such a name due to the similarity of its shape to the shape of a real crab.

Having installed it at the junction, special clamps are fixed in the profile cavity, while the mount itself should snap into place.

• The “crab” is screwed to the guides using self-tapping screws (LN) with a size of 3.5x9.5 mm, which also received their diminutive names from the builders: “bugs” or “fleas”.

As a result, we should get a crate from a profile with a 40X40 cell.

• Then we outline the places for installing suspensions. Using dowel-nails, we attach suspensions to the concrete ceiling. If the overlap is made of a different, softer material, then the suspensions can be fixed to the screws.
• By changing the length of the fixed suspensions, we adjust the plane of our entire structure to one level. The ceiling frame is ready.
• We proceed to sheathing the frame with GKL sheets. Sheets should be fastened from the middle to the edges or from edge to other edge. We use self-tapping screws (TN) with dimensions of 3.5x25mm. Screws are screwed strictly perpendicular to the sheets and go deep into the profile by 10 mm., Not less. And the heads of the screws should be recessed into the drywall by 1 mm.

Plasterboard sheathing

Advice. When starting to finish the mounted plasterboard ceiling, check if the screws protrude above the surface of the sheet.

• The edge of the GKL sheet should fall on the profile, overlapping it by three centimeters. The joints of the end edges of the drywall sheets should be spaced apart with an offset relative to each other by at least a profile pitch (40 cm).
  

  Advice. Beforehand, chamfers are chamfered from the end edges of the sheets at an angle of 22.5 ° to a depth of 2/3 of the sheet thickness using a special edge planer.

• Using a narrow spatula, apply the first layer of gypsum putty inside the joint. The excess mixture is evenly distributed over the near-seam surface of the sheet. Further, a reinforcing tape (serpyanka) is applied to this seam along the putty, it should cover the width of the entire seam by at least 100 mm on both sides.
• The tape should be pressed into the not yet hardened layer of putty in all places except for the deepening of the joint. There should be no waves or folds. After fixing the reinforcing material, it is necessary to wait for the putty to dry completely.

Sealing joints

• When the first layer dries, we take a wide spatula and preliminarily clean the surface of the seam dry from particles of putty and its frozen streaks. Next, we apply a thin layer of putty with a wide spatula, but this time we cover a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sheet.

Tip. It is recommended to use a spatula of 250 mm, in this case we will get a layer of this width. The task is to smooth out as much as possible that inconspicuous bump that appeared when applying the reinforcing tape.

• It may be necessary to putty more than once until we get a flat surface. In conclusion, grinding is carried out with ordinary fine sandpaper or a special mesh.

We examined the device of the simplest. Installation of such a ceiling in the apartment can be done independently. It is only necessary to observe the technological sequence of work.