The article will talk about what the emoticon means and what they are. It is worth noting that emoticons have long entered our lives and have become well established in it, because they, like nothing else, can convey the emotions and feelings of a person.

There are people who communicate regularly using emoticons, because with the development of progress there are already animated emoticons that can wave, wink, jump and change colors.

There are several emoji alphabets, the most common are standard and Japanese. Japanese emoticons are distinguished by the fact that they pay more attention to the eyes, and standard emoticons - to the mouth.

The history of emoticons

Today, almost no private letter on the Internet is complete without emoticons. Some people get offended if a friend doesn't put a colon at the end of a letter and right bracket. Of course, this is stupid, but emoticons are already so closely connected with our lives.

It may seem to modern children that emoticons have always existed, but in fact, for the first time, an emoticon was drawn Harvey Bell- an artist by training. In the early sixties, there was a war between insurers in America. Employees were afraid to get laid off and, in order to cheer themselves up and each other, they were distracted and tried to communicate politely and friendly with the remaining customers.

One Insurance Company to stay afloat, decided to hold an action for which they needed interesting drawing. In late 1963, they approached Harvey with this request. He drew the first smiley :-) , which took him ten minutes to develop. He was paid mere pennies for the drawing: $43. He did not know then that his simple drawing would become so popular, so he did not issue any rights to it. Harvey's first emojis were pinned and given out to customers. People liked these cute smiles so much that the company re-applied to the artist and ordered another ten thousand smileys.

Another story that played an important role in the development of the smiley can be called the seventies, when brothers from Spain developed the slogan " Happy day!". Since that time, emoticons began to be depicted on clothes. In 1971 the FrenchFranklin Loufrani was registered trademark smiley in eighty states.

And the first electronic Emoticons appeared in the sixties of the last century. Then emoticons were used in encoding Unicode. In 1982, Microsoft decided to create emoticons that could show emotions.

What do emoticons mean decoding

Emoticons can convey almost every human emotion, from laughter to tears. Below is a table that indicates what this or that emoticon means.

	Designation	Other designations	Decryption
			This emoji is in the shape of a human face and means smiling.
			wild laughter
			tenderness
			Wink
			seriousness
			chagrin
			Shock: pleasant in the first case, not in the second
			Laughter to tears
		:-P,=P,:b, :-b, :p	Show tongue
			Disgust

3 - this emoticon means a cute cat face or "lips in a bow" (cuteness). Options- :3:=3:-3

These are the most common emoticons, the designation of which many people know.

Smile and grief emoticon

The smile and grief emoticon, presented first in the table, has often changed and transformed over time. When people began to use emoticons in communication, it consisted of eyes, nose and mouth. Then the nose disappeared. And the eyes began to be drawn not with dashes, but simply with dots. Many are familiar when the smiley had only one eye - .) , and then he disappeared, to show a smile or sadness, people put only brackets. To show joy or sadness, many brackets are put. If we are talking about strong disappointment, then it can be shown like this - ((( or so - :FROM.

What do emoticons mean in Vkontakte

AT social network VK There are two types of emoticons, these are the standard ones that were discussed above, and the voluminous ones offered by the service itself. For the past three years, VKontakte users have been able to use emoticons, since only in August 2012 such an opportunity was added to communicate in personal correspondence. Until that time, Vkontakte users had to independently compose the designation of emotions from punctuation marks. But the developers have made it easy for them: the user can open the menu of emoticons and select the one that describes his state.

Initially, about thirty emoticons appeared on the network, but after a while another hundred were added, which depicted not only emotions, but also the actions of people, as well as food and animals. But due to the wide variety of emoticons, people's communication becomes not always clear. Not all people understand the meaning of this or that emoticon, or understand it differently. To avoid such situations with you, you need to write a few words in addition to the smiley so that the interlocutor understands you.

Popular VKontakte emoticons the following can be named:

• :ok - all is well;
• -: o - fear;
• -3(- sadness;
• -8) - love;
• -:] - stupid smile.

Also in VK there are hidden emoticons that can be sent to users by pressing a few keys. But the disadvantage of such emoticons is that they are black and therefore repel many users.

The most common commands include the following:

• ALT+ 1 - white emoticon denoting a smile ☺
• ALT+2 - black smile: ☻
• ALT+3 - love heart:
• ALT+ 11 - male character: ♂
• ALT+12 - female character: ♀
• ALT+13 - melody:♪
• ALT+15 - sun: ☼

In order for the symbol to appear in the message, you need to:

1. Hold down the "Alt" key on your keyboard
2. Dial a number combination
3. Release the Alt key

What does emoticon 3 mean

The table above showed this emoticon and said that it means tenderness. But it is worth dwelling on its decoding in more detail, since it is not understood by many. This symbol is associated with such animals as a dog and a cat. And indeed, if you look closely, it seems to be similar to the muzzle of an animal. In another way, this emoticon stands for " cute"- that's how you can characterize any cute animal.

Do not confuse this emoticon with <3 , which the means heart.

Many people and smiley :3 consider it a kiss, but they are mistaken because it means not quite a kiss, namely cuteness.

There was a period of time when this emoticon was read from a mathematical point of view, and it meant nothing more than divide by 3. But this is a comic version that did not take root among Internet users for a long time.

Emoticons denoting actions

As mentioned above, emoticons can replace a person's written speech and whole expressions. After all, their collection is constantly replenished, and soon people will be able to communicate with only one emoticon. Below will be presented a few emoticons, meaning human actions.

	Smiley designation	Decryption
		Loud laugh
		Listen to music with headphones
		wave your hand
	(>^_^)(^_^<)	Hug
		go crazy

As we can see from the table, you can use emoticons to talk about even your actions and desires. Some social networks have emoticons that mean that a person is reading a book, relaxing, eating or playing ball.

We examined in detail what emoticons mean, how they can be used to express actions and emotions. In a few years they may replace written language. After all, it is much easier for people to put a smiley than to write for a long time and explain to a person what he is doing or what emotion he is showing at the moment.

Video with decryption of emoticons

GUIDING TECHNICAL MATERIAL

DESIGNATIONS LETTER-NUMERIC
IN THE ELECTRICAL DESIGN ROOM
AND DESIGN DOCUMENTATION

RTM 36.18.32.3-92

VNIPI TYAZHPROMELECTROPROEKT

Moscow 1992

GUIDING TECHNICAL MATERIAL

The term of introduction is set from 01.06.92 This guidance technical material (RTM) applies to electrical design and design documentation for a specific construction project, performed manually and automatically.

1. GENERAL

1.1. The work extends to alphanumeric designations of premises, equipment, electrical devices and cables that are not regulated by GOST 2.710. 1.2. The design principles in this work correspond to GOST 2.710. 1.3. Depending on the completeness of the transmitted information, the symbol may have a simple or complex structure, i.e. structure in the form of designations of separate types or in the form of a composite designation. 1.4. The definition of terms used in this paper is given in Appendix 1. 1.5. When designing a specific object, a single designation structure is adopted. The adopted structure should be explained in the documentation.

2. RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NOTATION

2.1. Capital letters of the Latin alphabet (hereinafter referred to as "A") and Arabic numerals (hereinafter referred to as "N") are used to construct designations. In justified cases (for example, the designation is regulated by the standard), it is allowed to use letters of the Russian alphabet to designate equipment. 2.2. Qualifying characters are accepted in accordance with GOST 2.710: = - device designation; + - constructive designation; - - designation of the element (cable). 2.3. The designation consists of sequentially arranged letters, numbers and characters written in one line without spaces, their number is not limited, but must be unchanged in the structure adopted for a particular object. 2.4. Neighboring groups of signs of designations that have an independent semantic meaning are separated by alternating letters and numbers or by a dot if the groups consist only of letters or only of numbers. 2.5. A numeric group located after an alphabetic one without a separating sign has the meaning of a serial number, and if it has an independent semantic meaning, then it should be separated by a dot. 2.6. It is recommended that the common repeating part of the designation be included in the main inscription.

3. CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROOM LABEL

3.1. Alphanumeric designations of premises are built according to the constructive principle. 3.2. For a specific case, the designation of the premises can be represented as:

For example, + A114EE1 means that the first electrical room is located in the building with the number on the general plan 114 at enterprise A. If the designation of the enterprise and the building is included in the main inscription, then the designation will take the form + EE1. 3.3. The letter codes of the most common premises are given in Appendix 2.

4. CONSTRUCTION OF EQUIPMENT DESIGNATION

4.1. Alphanumeric designations of equipment are built, as a rule, according to the technological principle as for a device. It is allowed to designate equipment according to the constructive principle. 4.2. For a specific case, the designation of equipment according to the technological principle can be represented as

For example, =A102TK1.52.16 means that the ventilation system (16), the peeling section (52) is located in the finishing department TK1 of the billet mill (general plan number 102) at enterprise A. If the designation of the enterprise, workshop and department is included in the main inscription, then the designation will take the form =52.16

5. CONSTRUCTION OF THE DESIGNATION OF THE ELECTRICAL DEVICE

5.1. An electrical device is understood as a complete or other device for controlling, protecting, measuring, signaling, converting and distributing electricity. 5.2. The alphanumeric designation of an electrical device can be simple (own designation of the device) or complex, consisting of its own designation of the device and the designation of the highest level (room, equipment). 5.3. For a specific case, the designation of an electrical device can be represented as

For example, +EE1=AC01.03 means the third panel of the AC01 switchboard located in the first electrical room. 5.4. The letter codes of the most common electrical devices are given in Appendix 3.

6. CONSTRUCTION OF DESIGNATIONS OF POWER SUPPLY OBJECTS

6.1. For power supply facilities, it is allowed to indicate the voltage level in the designation of premises, equipment, devices and cables. 6.2. For a specific case, the designation of an electrical room (electrical substation) can be represented as:

For example, =A114ETV2K means a workshop transformer substation ETV number 2 with a voltage of 10 kV, located in a building with a number on the general plan 114 at enterprise A. 6.3. Letter codes of voltage levels are given in Appendix 4.

7. CONSTRUCTION OF CABLE DESIGNATION

7.1. The alphanumeric cable designation can be simple (own cable designation) or complex, consisting of the own cable designation and a higher level designation. The designation of the element or device to which the cable is connected can be used as a top-level designation. 7.2. The structure of the own cable designation can be represented as

The qualifying character "-" in the simple notation may be omitted. The letter code of the cable (as intended) can be replaced by a digital one or omitted altogether. The serial number of the cable is accepted within the panel, device, unit or workshop, depending on the specific design conditions. 7.3. Letter codes of cables (by purpose) are given in Appendix 5. 7.4. The structure of a complex cable designation can be represented as

For example, +EE1=AC01.03-K104 means that the control cable 104 is connected to the third panel of the AC01 switchboard located in the first electrical room. If the designation of the room and the device is included in the main inscription, then the designation of the cable will take the form K 104.

ATTACHMENT 1

Reference

	Definition	Base
1. Item	An integral part of an electrical circuit that performs a specific function and cannot be divided into parts that have an independent purpose (resistor, relay, starter, transformer, etc.) A set of elements that represent a single design An electrical device manufactured at the factory, which is a set of electrical devices , devices and other niya, mounted on a single structural basis and designed to perform one or more of the following functions: control, distribution, transformation, protection, measurement and signaling.	GOST 2.701 "Schemes. Types and types. General requirements for implementation."
2. Device		Same
3. Complete device		GOST 22789 "Complete low-voltage devices General specifications.

APPENDIX 2

LETTER CODES OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF ELECTRICAL ROOM

EB - switchboard room EC - capacitor plant room ED - control room EE - electrical room EG - battery room EK - control room EM - electrical machine room EP - control room ER - workplace ES - distribution point ET - electrical substation EV - computer center EY - central control point

APPENDIX 3

LETTER CODES FOR THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES

AL - panel AE - lighting thread AB - box AD - console AN - post AN - cabinet AC - shield AV - valve converter AT - transformer substation AZ - switchgear AK - main busbar AR - distributive wine duct AG - trolley busbar AX - box with clamps

APPENDIX 4

LETTER CODES FOR THE MOST COMMON VOLTAGE LEVELS

A - 1150 k B B - 750 k B C - 500 k B O - 330 k B E - 220 k B F - 150 k B G - 110 k B H - 35 k B K - 10 k B P - 6 k B R - 3 k B S - 0.66 k B N - 0.38 k V

APPENDIX 5

LETTER CODES OF CABLES BY THE CONDITIONS OF THEIR PURPOSE

A - automation cable B - cable line with a voltage above 1 kV C - cable for the lighting supply network (up to 1 kV) H - power cable with a cross section above 16 mm.kv (up to 1 kV) K - cable for the control, management, protection, signaling circuit, measurements etc. M - power cable with a cross section of up to 16 mm.kv (up to 1 kV) W - cable power line (for designation in the drawings of master plans and plans for the location of electrical installations and power lines) If it is necessary to form groups of cables according to other characteristics (for example, according to laying conditions) other codes may be assigned to a particular object.

The rules set out in GOST 21.205–93, regulate exactly how alphanumeric characters should be applied on the drawings pipeline designations plumbing systems that relate to external networks of heat supply, sewerage and water supply, as well as to internal water and sewer networks, heating networks, ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Alphanumeric designation	Name
Water pipes
B0	General designation of the water supply
IN 1	Domestic and drinking water supply
IN 2	Fire water supply
Industrial plumbing
AT 3	General designation of industrial water supply
AT 4	Plumbing of circulating water supply
AT 5	Circulating water pipeline, return
AT 6	Soft water plumbing
AT 7	For river water
AT 8	For river clarified water
AT 9	For underground water
Sewerage
K0	General designation of the sewer
K1	domestic sewerage
K2	Rain sewer
industrial sewerage
K3	General designation of industrial sewage
K4	Sewerage for mechanically polluted waters
K5	sludge sewerage
K6	Sewage for sludge-containing waters
K7	For chemically polluted waters
K8	Sewerage for acidic waters
K9	For alkaline waters
K10	For acidic waters
K11	For cyanide waters
K12	For chromium-containing waters
Heat pipe
T0	General designation of the pipeline
For heating, ventilation, air conditioning and technical processes
T1	Supply pipeline
T2	Return pipeline
Pipeline for hot water supply
T3	Server
T4	circulation
Hot water for technological processes
T5	Supply pipeline
T6	Return pipeline
Steam heating
T7	Steam pipeline
T8	Condensate line

Note:

For those pipeline systems of sewerage and water supply that are not provided for in the table, designations must be adopted by establishing a serial numbering that is a continuation of the one indicated in the table.

If an industrial or domestic drinking water supply system simultaneously performs the role of a fire-fighting one, then it is assigned exactly the same number as the industrial or domestic drinking water supply. At the same time, an appropriate explanation is applied to the drawing.

Pipeline

In modern technology, pipelines are such devices that are designed to transport a variety of liquid, gaseous and granular media. The main components of pipeline systems are: straight pipes that are tightly interconnected; hangers and supports; control and measuring equipment; shut-off and control devices; fasteners; seals and gaskets; means of automation.

In addition, the elements of pipeline systems also include the materials necessary to ensure effective protection of all the above components from the harmful effects of low and elevated temperatures, as well as from electrochemical corrosion.

The locations of the elements of pipeline systems are their branches, turns, as well as transitions to a different diameter. They serve to ensure a long service life of the system as a whole, as well as the tightness of the entire structure. Practice shows that almost no pipeline system is implemented without such elements as bends, tees and transitions.

Liquid Properties

Liquids are those substances that are in a liquid state of aggregation. It, in turn, is intermediate between the aggregate state of solid and gaseous. The liquid also has a property that is not found in any other state of aggregation: it is capable of changing its shape under the influence of tangential mechanical stresses within practically unlimited limits. In this case, mechanical stresses can be very small, and the volume of the liquid remains unchanged.

Another important property inherent in all liquids is surface tension. Neither gases nor solids have it, but it is explained by the following reasons: due to the fact that the balance of the forces acting on the molecules of the surface is disturbed, a certain new resultant force directed inside the substance appears. This explains the fact that the surface of a liquid is always "stretched". If we consider this situation from the point of view of physics, then it can be argued that surface tension is nothing but the force due to which the molecules of a liquid do not move from its surface to the deep layers. It is the force of surface tension that explains the shape of falling drops of any liquid.

Reading electrical diagrams is a necessary skill for representing the operation of electrical networks, nodes, as well as various equipment. Not a single specialist will proceed with the installation of equipment until he has familiarized himself with the regulatory accompanying documents.

Schematic diagrams allow the developer to convey a complete report about the product in a compressed form to the user using conditionally graphical symbols (UGO). To avoid confusion and waste when assembling according to drawings, alphanumeric designations are included in the unified design documentation system (ESKD). All circuit diagrams are developed and applied in full accordance with GOSTs (21.614, 2.722-68, 2.763-68, 2.729-68, 2.755-87). The GOST describes the elements, provides a decoding of the values.

Reading blueprints

The circuit diagram shows all the elements, parts and networks that make up the drawing, electrical and mechanical connections. Reveals the full functionality of the system. All elements of any electrical circuit correspond to the designations positioned in GOST.

A list of documents is attached to the drawing, in which all elements and their parameters are prescribed. Components are listed in alphabetical order, taking into account numerical sorting. The list of documents (specification) is indicated on the drawing itself, or is taken out as separate sheets.

The order of studying the drawings

First, the drawing type is determined. According to GOST 2.702-75, each graphic document corresponds to an individual code. All electrical drawings have the letter "E" and the corresponding digital value from 0 to 7. The code "E3" corresponds to the electrical circuit diagram.

Reading the circuit diagram:

• Visually get acquainted with the presented drawing, pay attention to the indicated notes and technical requirements.
• Find on the schematic image all the components indicated in the list of the document;
• Determine the power source of the system and the type of current (single-phase, three-phase);
• Find the main nodes, and determine their power source;
• Familiarize yourself with the elements and devices of protection;
• To study the control method indicated on the document, its tasks and algorithm of actions. Understand the sequence of actions of the device when starting, stopping, short circuit;
• Analyze the operation of each section of the chain, determine the main components, auxiliary elements, study the technical documentation of the listed parts;
• Based on the studied data of the document, draw a conclusion about the processes occurring in each link of the chain shown in the drawing.

Knowing the sequence of actions, alphanumeric symbols, you can read any electrical circuit.

Graphic symbols

The circuit diagram has two varieties - single-line and full. On a single-line drawing, only a power wire with all elements is drawn, if the main network does not differ in individual additions from the standard one. Two or three slashes applied to the wire line indicate a single-phase or three-phase network, respectively. The entire network is drawn in full and generally accepted symbols are affixed in electrical circuits.

Single line electrical circuit diagram, single phase network

Types and meaning of lines

1. Thin and thick solid lines - in the drawings depict the lines of electrical, group communication, lines on the elements of the UGO.
2. Dashed line - indicates the shielding of the wire or devices; denotes a mechanical connection (motor - gearbox).
3. A thin dash-dotted line - is intended to highlight groups of several components that make up parts of a device, or a control system.
4. Dash-dotted with two dots - the line is disconnecting. Shows a breakdown of important elements. Indicates an object remote from the device that is associated with a mechanical or electrical system.

Network connecting lines are shown in full, but according to the standards, they are allowed to be cut off if they interfere with the normal understanding of the circuit. A break is indicated by arrows, next to it are the main parameters and characteristics of electrical circuits.

A bold dot on the lines indicates a connection, a soldering of wires.

Electromechanical components

Schematic representation of electromechanical links and contacts

A - UGO coils of an electromechanical element (magnetic starter, relay)

B - thermal relay

C - device coil with mechanical blocking

D - contacts making (1), breaking (2), switching (3)

E - button

F - designation of a switch (knife switch) on the electrical circuit of the UGO of some measuring instruments. A complete list of these elements is given in GOST 2.729 68 and 2.730 73.

Elements of electrical circuits, devices

Number in the picture	Description	Number in the picture	Description
1	Electricity meter	8	electrolytic capacitor
2	Ammeter	9	Diode
3	Voltmeter	10	Light-emitting diode
4	temperature sensor	11	Diode optocoupler
5	Resistor	12	Image of npn transistor
6	Rheostat (variable resistor)	13	Fuse
7	Capacitor

UGO time relays, buttons, switches, limit switches are often used in the development of electric drive circuits.

Schematic representation of a fuse. When reading an electrical circuit, you should carefully consider all the lines and parameters of the drawing so as not to confuse the purpose of the element. For example, a fuse and a resistor have minor differences. In the diagrams, the power line is depicted passing through the fuse, the resistor is drawn without internal elements.

The image of the circuit breaker in the full diagram

Contact switching device. Serves as automatic protection of the electrical network from accidents, short circuits. Operated mechanically or electrically.

Circuit breaker on a single line diagram

The transformer is a steel core with two windings. There are single and three-phase, step-up and step-down. It is also divided into dry and oil, depending on the method of cooling. Power varies from 0.1 MVA to 630 MVA (in Russia).

UGO transformers

Designation of current transformers on a complete (a) and single-line (c) circuit

Graphic designation of electrical machines (EM)

Electric motors, depending on the type, are capable of more than just consuming energy. When developing industrial systems, motors are used that, when there is no load, generate energy into the network, thereby reducing costs.

A - Three-phase electric motors:

1 - Asynchronous with squirrel-cage rotor

2 - Asynchronous with squirrel-cage rotor, two-speed

3 - Asynchronous with a phase rotor

4 - Synchronous electric motors; generators.

B - DC commutator motors:

1 - with excitation of the winding from a permanent magnet

2 - Electric machine with excitation coil

In conjunction with electric motors, the diagrams show magnetic starters, soft starters, and a frequency converter. These devices are used to start electric motors, the smooth operation of the system. The last two elements protect the network from "drawdown" of voltage in the network.

UGO magnetic starter in the diagram

Switches perform the function of switching equipment. Disable and enable certain sections of the network, as needed.

Graphic symbols in the electrical circuits of mechanical switches

Conditional graphic designations of sockets and switches in electrical circuits. They are included in the developed drawings of the electrification of houses, apartments, and industries.

Bell on the electrical diagram according to UGO standards with the indicated size

UGO dimensions in electrical diagrams

On the diagrams, the parameters of the elements included in the drawing are applied. Complete information about the element is written, capacitance if it is a capacitor, nominal voltage, resistance for a resistor. This is done for convenience, so as not to make a mistake during installation, not to waste time calculating and selecting the components of the device.

Sometimes the nominal data does not indicate, in this case the element parameters do not matter, you can select and install a link with a minimum value.

The accepted dimensions of the UGO are prescribed in the GOSTs of the ESKD standard.

Dimensions in ESKD

The sizes of graphic and alphabetic images in the drawing, the thickness of the lines should not differ, but it is permissible to change them proportionally in the drawing. If in the symbols on various GOST electrical circuits there are elements that do not have information about the dimensions, then these components are performed in sizes corresponding to the standard UGO image of the entire circuit.

UGO elements that are part of the main product (device) can be drawn in a smaller size compared to other elements.

Along with the UGO, for a more accurate definition of the name and purpose of the elements, a letter designation is applied to the diagrams. This designation is used for references in text documents and for drawing on an object. With the help of a letter designation, the name of the element is determined, if this is not clear from the drawing, technical parameters, quantity.

Additionally, one or more numbers are indicated with the letter designation, usually they explain the parameters. An additional letter code indicating the denomination, model, additional data is prescribed in the accompanying documents, or is placed in a table on the drawing.

To learn how to read electrical circuits, it is not necessary to know by heart all the letter designations, graphic images of various elements, it is enough to navigate in the relevant ESKD GOSTs. The standard includes 64 GOST documents, which reveal the main provisions, rules, requirements and designations.

The main designations used on the diagrams according to the ESKD standard are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1

First letter of the code (mandatory)	Group of element types	Element Type Examples
A	Devices	Amplifiers, telecontrol devices, lasers, masers
B		Loudspeakers, microphones, thermoelectric sensing elements, ionizing radiation detectors, sound pickups, selsyns
C	Capacitors
D		Integrated analog digital circuits, logic elements, memory devices, delay devices
E	Elements are different	Lighting devices, heating devices
F		Discrete flow and voltage protection elements, fuses, arresters
G	Generators, power supplies, quartz oscillators	Batteries, accumulators, electrochemical and electrothermal sources
H	Indicating and signaling devices	Sound and light signaling devices, indicators
K	Relays, contactors, starters	Current and voltage relays, electrothermal relays, time relays, contactors, magnetic starters
L		Chokes for fluorescent lighting
M	Engines	DC and AC motors
P		Indicating, recording and measuring instruments, counters, clocks
Q		Disconnectors, short circuiters, circuit breakers (power)
R	Resistors	Variable resistors, potentiometers, varistors, thermistors
S	Switching devices in control, signaling and measuring circuits	Switches, switches, switches triggered by various influences
T		Current and voltage transformers, stabilizers
U	Converters of electrical quantities into electrical, communication devices	Modulators, demodulators, discriminators, inverters, frequency converters, rectifiers
V		Electronic tubes, diodes, transistors, thyristors, zener diodes
W	Microwave lines and elements, antennas	Waveguides, dipoles, antennas
X	Contact connections	Pins, sockets, collapsible connections, current collectors
Y		Electromagnetic clutches, brakes, cartridges
Z	Terminal devices, filters, limiters	Modeling lines, quartz filters

The main two-letter designations are given in Table 2

First letter of the code (mandatory)	Group of element types	Element Type Examples	Two letter code
A	Device (general designation)
B	Converters of non-electrical quantities into electrical quantities (except generators and power supplies) or vice versa analog or multi-digit converters or sensors for indicating or measuring	Speaker	BA
		Magnetostrictive element	BB
		Detector of ionizing elements	BD
		Selsyn - receiver	BE
		Phone (capsule)	bf
		Selsyn - sensor	BC
		Thermal sensor	BK
		Photocell	BL
		Microphone	BM
		Pressure meter	BP
		Piezo element	BQ
		Speed ​​sensor (tachogenerator)	BR
		Pickup	BS
		Speed ​​sensor	BV
C	Capacitors
D	Integrated circuits, microassemblies	Circuit integrated analog	DA
		Integrated circuit, digital, logic element	DD
		Information storage device	D.S.
		delay device	DT
E	Elements are different	Heating element	EK
		Lighting lamp	EL
		Igniter	ET
F	Surge arresters, fuses, protective devices	Discrete instantaneous current protection element	FA
		Discrete current protection element of inertial action	FP
		fuse	FU
		Discrete voltage protection element, arrester	FV
G	Generators, power supplies	Battery	GB
H	Indicator and signal elements	Sound alarm device	HA
		Symbolic indicator	HG
		Light signaling device	HL
K	Relays, contactors, starters	Current relay	KA
		Relay index	KH
		Relay electrothermal	KK
		Contactor, magnetic starter	KM
		Time relay	KT
		Voltage relay	KV
L	Inductors, chokes	Fluorescent lighting choke	LL
M	Engines	-	-
P	Instruments, measuring equipment	Ammeter	PA
		Pulse counter	PC
		Frequency meter	PF
	Note. PE combination not allowed	Active energy meter	PI
		Reactive Energy Meter	PK
		Ohmmeter	PR
		Recording device	PS
		Clock, action time meter	PT
		Voltmeter	PV
		Wattmeter	PW
Q	Switches and disconnectors in power circuits	Automatic switch	QF
		short circuit	QK
		Disconnector	QS
R	Resistors	Thermistor	RK
		Potentiometer	RP
		Measuring shunt	RS
		Varistor	EN
S	Switching devices in control, signaling and measuring circuits. Note. The designation SF is used for devices that do not have power circuit contacts.	Breaker or switch	SA
		push button switch	SB
		Automatic switch	SF
		Switches triggered by various influences: - from the level	SL
		- from pressure	SP
		- from the position (travel)	SQ
		- on the frequency of rotation	SR
		- on temperature	SK
T	Transformers, autotransformers	Current transformer	TA
		Electromagnetic Stabilizer	TS
		voltage transformer	TV
U	Communication devices. Electrical to electrical converters	Modulator	UB
		Demodulator	UR
		Discriminator	UI
		Frequency converter, inverter, frequency generator, rectifier	USD
V	Electrovacuum devices, semiconductor	diode, zener diode	VD
		Electrovacuum device	VL
		Transistor	VT
		Thyristor	VS
W	Lines and elements of microwave antennas	coupler	W.E.
		short circuit	WK
		Valve	WS
		Transformer, heterogeneity, phase shifter	wt
		Attenuator	WU
		Antenna	WA
X	Contact connections	Current collector, sliding contact	XA
		Pin	XP
		Nest	XS
		Collapsible connection	XT
		High frequency connector	XW
Y	Mechanical devices with electromagnetic drive	Electromagnet	YA
		Brake with electromagnetic drive	YB
		Coupling with electromagnetic drive	YC
		Electromagnetic chuck or plate	YH
Z	Terminal devices Filters. Limiters	limiter	ZL
		Quartz filter	ZQ

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Today we will tell you what the mysterious emoticon 3 means on the VKontakte social network, tell you its meanings and in what cases it is used.

But first a little history

Our modern life is saturated with social networks. Sitting there for hours, people get to know each other, communicate, exchange emotions and news. And the new generation cannot even imagine their life without social networks. For young people, not even half an hour passes without the status of "online".

To enhance emotional perception and clarify the meaning of the message, as well as for the speed of communication, in 1982, scientists from the United States of America invented emoticons (emotional icons), better known as emoticons. After this discovery, life and communication on the Internet and via SMS have changed a lot. Now, in order to show your mood or emotions, the interlocutor does not need to write a huge sentence - you just need to type a few characters.

What is the “3” emoticon in VK for and how to use it correctly?

Often, when communicating on VK, interlocutors exchange emoticons and signs. Some of them are familiar to many, and some make you think about what emotion the interlocutor expresses with this emoticon? An unknown emoticon can significantly change the conversation, and the interlocutors will remain misunderstood.

One of these emoticons is "3". At first glance, it is an incomprehensible and frightening symbol, but if you turn on the imagination and turn "3" to the right, we will get a cute smiling face of a kitten, well, or a part of the face showing a smile. Another name for this emoticon is "nyashka".

The word "Nyashka" comes from the Japanese word "nya", if translated into Russian - "meow". Previously, this was the name of girls from Japanese anime. The girls had a pretty appearance and spoke in a cute voice, reminiscent of a cat's meow. When I saw them, I wanted to say "cute". Now the word "nyashka" refers to everything cute and cute: cats with a bow, dogs on a beautiful bed, cute smiling children, etc.

Also, "nyashka" is called people in an ironic sense. Those who want to be deliberately too sugary or cute.

Another name for the “3” emoticon is “lips with a bow”. Indeed, this sign is suitable for such an expression. The meaning is the same as "nyashka" - tenderness, pleasure and satisfaction.

Hence the conclusion follows that the sign "3" in VK means tenderness, mercy, cute. By sending such a smiley, the interlocutor is trying to express his emotion and satisfaction to the opponent. In general, this is a very kind and sweet sign, so when communicating on social networks, do not neglect it, give your loved ones only positive emotions.