DIY furniture panel. Furniture panel made of oak Furniture panel production plant

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Products are used for manufacturing wooden furniture, countertops, window sills and stair steps. The following wood is used as raw material: oak, ash, larch, pine, linden, beech. Edged timber sticks together special glue. One-piece and spliced shields are offered. Solid - lamellas glued along the width, spliced - also along the length. Coloring and varnishing available.

In the production of lumber, boards 10-50 mm wide are allowed, grades “Extra”, “Economy”, A, B and other categories. Dry before gluing. The advantages of the product are natural wood, environmental friendliness, durability, beauty. The products are superior in characteristics to furniture with facades made of veneer, chipboard, MDF and are second only to products made from solid wood. Thorn - open, closed.

The manufacturer calls for cooperation furniture factories, wood suppliers, dealers. Address, phone number, website in the “Contacts” tab. Order delivery - Moscow, regions, foreign countries. Dealers - personal wholesale prices. To order a price list or buy materials in bulk, contact the manager.

Furniture board- a type of construction material that combines the advantages of natural raw materials and advantages modern technologies. Natural base and an environmentally friendly production method allows us to classify furniture panels as wood products. In fact, furniture panels are a product of deep processing of wood and have all the operational and aesthetic qualities of natural wood.

The manufacturing method determines the structure of the furniture panel: wooden planks (lamellas) are glued together under a press and form a continuous sheet.

The lamellas are laid in such a way that the multidirectional nature of the wood fibers compensates for the tension inside the board being formed. There are two types of furniture panels: solid, glued from planed or sawn veneer without knots, and spliced (lengthwise or widthwise) from small bars. Environmentally friendly glue with increased adhesive properties and a powerful press ensure the strength of the joints. The slab is carefully sanded, resulting in a durable “patchwork” fabric that looks like a solid piece wooden board, and is not inferior to natural analogues.

Various tree species are used to produce lumber (oak, beech, pine, ash, Karelian birch, spruce, cedar, larch, bamboo, mahogany, palm, rosewood). The most popular and in demand on the market are furniture panels made of oak, pine and larch. The wood of these species has a dense water-repellent structure, which prevents the material from rotting.

Warm colors and beautiful drawing wood gives the product a noble appearance. Healing properties wood gives furniture and interior items (doors, stairs, window sills, wall cladding) a special energy.

Furniture board is in demand in the furniture industry and interior design, and with special processing it can be used in outdoor finishing works. The popularity of lumber is explained by its advantages:
Furniture board is a natural product: premium board is made from selected wood, has an ideal texture and appearance. Solid wood furniture panels also have the qualities of natural wood: “breathable” texture, wood grain;
The stacked design and production technology allows us to produce furniture sheets of various sizes in a wide color range. If necessary, standard panels can be easily sawn to the required parameters;
The consumer characteristics of furniture panels depend on the properties of the wood used. When choosing lumber, it is possible to optimize the purchase in accordance with the purpose of use and financial capabilities;
Being a natural product, furniture board is much cheaper than wood. High performance and affordable prices allows it to compete with other materials in the furniture and building materials market.

Such products are products of complex processing wood material. The production of furniture panels, during which a monolithic finished product is obtained from individual wooden blocks by processing and gluing, allows you to save money and use timber with maximum efficiency.

Scope of application of furniture panels

The product is a safe material, which allows it to be widely used in factories as furniture semi-finished products for the manufacture of facades, panels, window sills, cabinets, and shelving.

In construction, panels are used when installing stairs:

steps;
balusters;
railings;
sites;
stringers.

In the interior of children's rooms, kitchens, corridors using wooden shields These panels decorate the walls and ceiling. The dimensions of the furniture board are on average from 20 to 40 mm thick; it can vary depending on the wishes of the customer.

Softwood processing technology

The raw material for the production of wooden panels is unedged and edged board from coniferous or hardwood species - ash, birch, oak. The most commonly used material is from coniferous species(pine, spruce), it is cheap and can be processed.

The shield is a worthy replacement for an array, thanks to more effective use material, while maintaining quality characteristics, but at a low cost.

Technological operations, as well as control during the manufacturing process must be strictly observed so that the final product turns out to be of high quality, meeting necessary requirements and standard norms, and also had an aesthetic appearance.

When making boards, several types of boards are used, which allows you to expand the price range for the finished product by breaking it down by grade.

Depending on the area in which the shields will be used, they are made single-layer or multi-layer.

In the first option, bars, slats or boards are glued along the wood grain, resulting in a board with a thickness of 15 to 60 mm.

The multi-layer product has two front sides and several odd inner layers. They are laid out symmetrically in thickness, and general meaning The lamella height is often 70–80 mm.

Stages of production of glued furniture panels:

processing (trimming) and sorting of workpieces;
identifying defective areas and cutting the workpiece to width;
processing according to specified parameters with simultaneous removal of erroneous zones;
connecting pieces along the length, applying glue;
product configuration;
elimination of irregular seams;
final calibration and grinding;
cutting finished material according to specified sizes.

Conditions for starting a business producing furniture panels

The demand for this type of product is quite high; the production of wooden panels is a good idea for creating your own business. To assemble and sell small wholesale quantities of goods, it is more expedient to open a small workshop where longitudinal cutting and gluing of lamellas will be carried out.

But profitable option There will be the creation of a facility near the forest area, where trees are cut down, and there are also sawmills for producing boards and timber. But working with imported raw materials will be a profitable business.

To do this, you need to rent a warehouse or workshop, the structure of which includes:

Administrative premises.
A warehouse with timber and, separately, finished products and an area where the necessary equipment will be installed.
The size of the workshop space often depends on the dimensions of the machine park. To organize your own business, you need to draw up a plan and calculate all the risks.

It is easy to rent equipment for production or take out a loan and purchase used but operating machines.

Technical equipment and its features

To produce furniture panels, the following industrial equipment is required:

Drying chambers for wood preparation - there are vacuum, convective, and aerodynamic types.
Universal woodworking machines - units from Winner Blazer and Warrior have proven themselves.
Thicknessers, double-sided for lamellas domestic production, and also Ostermann, GRIGGIO.
Weights for gluing the board: fan - from RAUTEK, INDUK, pneumatic - Stromab.

As well as installations for optimizing end cutting, you can obtain a minimum of waste. There are pass-through machines - for piece processing from Quadro and devices with a Cursal pusher - for obtaining a bunch of boards.

Equipment for splicing along the length allows you to connect short workpieces into lamellas; this feature makes it possible to transform defects into working material. Automatic, semi-automatic lines, Beaver and OMGA tenoning machines.

Adhesive application systems are used on flat surfaces to distribute the adhesive evenly. For gluing timber, the composition is applied directly on the KM-250 machine.

Designed for cutting materials lengthwise and crosswise. There are: with a ball carriage - Ostermann, a roller carriage - FILATO, format-cutting centers - SELCO.

Additionally, in production we use machines for artificial aging or brushing wood. To obtain the unique texture of furniture boards, special abrasive brushes or sanding drums GRIGGIO and domestic models from the Elmediagroup company - KS200, KS1 are used.

Advantages and applications

Shields are widely in demand in furniture production, as finishing material for interiors. Due to the textured texture of wood, products are used for production as standard furniture, and for individual orders.

Despite a fairly large range of other materials (chipboard, MDF), products made from laminated veneer lumber are in demand due to many advantages.

Furniture panels, unlike solid wood, do not shrink, so the dimensions remain the same over time. This feature allows you to significantly save on the operation of the material.

Panel products are environmentally friendly, so they are used as decoration for children's rooms and for the manufacture of teenage and other furniture. The technology for manufacturing wooden panels allows for efficient use of wood, which significantly saves money and helps save forests from large areas of deforestation.

The resulting material acquires decorative look by giving beautiful texture wood using a brushing (grinding) operation, which allows the use of furniture panels for finishing various rooms.

The ability to produce furniture products of any size and thickness, depending on the customer’s wishes. Production furniture panels – good idea for a business project, there is a constant demand for such products, especially for high-quality and relatively inexpensive products. Wood parts are widely used by craftsmen both for the manufacture of furniture and for finishing premises, also due to their affordable price.

Modern production of laminated panels is a business with a short payback period and constant profit. The initial costs will be returned by the owner within the first 6 months, and a wide material base will allow this figure to be halved.

Video: Production of furniture panels

FEATURES OF FURNITURE BOARD MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

(SPbGLTA, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

The article places for consideration key regulations of the technology of manufacture furniture shield, as well as conditions and factors having influence on the quality of treatment of the furniture shield and its gluing.

Furniture panel - as the main semi-finished product used in the production of cabinet furniture made of solid wood, staircase parts, etc., is the most environmentally in demand pure material. And at the same time, the process of its manufacture is characterized by labor, material, and energy consumption, in contrast to the technology of manufacturing panel materials such as chipboard, fiberboard, MDF.

Multi-operation technological process due to the specifics of the material itself - wood– as the object of processing, the equipment and materials used, as well as the requirements for the quality of the final product. Wood with anisotropy of properties, different densities, structure, defects, and type of sawing significantly influences the choice of technology. There are several manufacturing process schemes, but the most common and effective is the so-called “Swedish” technology. But in any case, compliance with the technology, modes, and processing parameters is a guarantee of obtaining high-quality furniture boards that meet consumer and operational requirements. As a rule, lamellas in furniture panels are glued together into a smooth fugue using PVAD-based adhesives with the addition of a hardener, or without it if this is not specified in the technical specifications. Such binders have a transparent, elastic adhesive seam of high strength, which is necessary for furniture panels, and can withstand temperature and humidity deformations, and mechanical loads. With the use of these adhesives, intensification of HDTV heating or conductive heating can be used in gluing technology.

It is necessary to note the following technological process conditions, without which gluing a high-quality panel is impossible:

Uniformity of moisture indicators of the quality of lumber drying. The final humidity required by the technology (for furniture panels it is 8±1.5%). Such strict humidity limits are due to operational and technological requirements. The lower one is associated with the gluing process (surface wettability with the binder, absorbency, penetrating ability of the glue), further machining shield (calibration, grinding, milling). Overdried wood impairs the quality of its processing, forms chips, peels the fiber, and has low ductility. Too high moisture content of the lumber to be processed leads to further worst problems when gluing the shield, its further sanding and finishing. When planing, the quality of the jointed surface of the lamellas is unsatisfactory due to the formation of hairiness. High humidity of the lamellas affects the duration of exposure in the hot press, the polymerization of the binder and the strength of the adhesive joint. The heterogeneity of the humidity indicators of the drying quality of lumber, especially differences in humidity across their cross-section, as a result of cutting into lamellas, leads to the fact that slats with different humidity levels, different from the average, get into the assembled panel. This contributes to the appearance of various types of deformations. The desire of the lamellas to reach an equilibrium moisture state in the glued board when exposed to certain conditions contributes to varying degrees to their drying and swelling. Such processes entail either warping of the shield or cracking at the ends during its processing and operation.

Of course, the uniformity of moisture indicators of drying quality is a key condition for the production of furniture panels at a high level.

The geometry of the lamellas, i.e. rectangularity and dimensional stability. This is a very important condition for pressing. If it is not observed, proper contact between the gluing surfaces is not ensured, and non-gluing is formed along the entire length of the shield - this is a defect. The geometry of the lamellas can be achieved by precision equipment adjustment, qualification service personnel and technical equipment of machines on which lumber is processed. Modern equipment allows you to perform this requirement, but not always. Half-melt planing guarantees geometry if the knives in the planing drums are positioned perpendicular to the tables (planing bases) and the precision of the work of the clamps and feed rollers. When using Swedish technology, i.e., planing lumber with simultaneous cutting of them into lamellas, ensures the most accurate perpendicularity of the processed edges, since the saw shaft with the supply of saws is perpendicular to the tables. Correct positioning of the saw shaft in relation to the tables of the four-sided machine, as well as adjusting the clamps, will make it possible to obtain a lamella with strictly perpendicular sides.

The amount of binder applied to the surfaces to be bonded (glue consumption). The glue consumption is regulated by the supplier company, but is specified by the gluing conditions, viscosity, wood type, humidity, application equipment, etc. On average, the consumption is 120-150 g/sq.m. m. Insufficient application of the binder causes low strength of the adhesive seam and, as a consequence, unsticking of the board. The consumption is too high - it is necessary to increase the holding time, both before pressing and during the gluing process, the productivity of the leading equipment drops sharply. In technology for applying glue, it is convenient to use the roller method. The upper pressure is adjustable, the lower is corrugated with grooves, the depth and width of which have certain dimensions. When applied to the lamella, the glue should be located on the surface in the form of even strips without breaks.

Press pressure. An integral condition for gluing, without pressing pressure it is impossible to ensure proper contact between the bonded surfaces. The pressure does not have to be high to prevent deformation of the lamellas in the shield. The criterion for assessing the pressing pressure is a small amount of glue released along the ends and onto the surface of the board.

The conditions listed above are necessary; failure to comply with them entails serious economic problems for the enterprise. The percentage of defects increases, it is good if it is tracked at the initial operations, and not in the final product from the consumer.

In addition to the basic conditions in the manufacturing technology of furniture panels, there are a number of features that should be mentioned.

Firstly, the duration of technological exposure of the material. There is an opinion that a planed strip should not be in a free state. long time, more than a day, i.e. everything that was planed must be glued together. This is due to the loss of activity of the adhesive surface, namely its oxidation and closing of wood pores. Curing of the board after gluing before further machining. German experts believe that the glued shield should be kept for at least 4 hours, some say at least 6. In any case, the boards must be cured, especially after hot pressing, to ensure relaxation of temperature and humidity stresses arising during the gluing process.

Secondly, the pressing temperature. Temperature is the intensification of the process, for various breeds it must be regulated. For coniferous species, the pressing temperature should not exceed 75 - 80 °C. If the drying of lumber was carried out without crystallization of the resin, then the high pressing temperature promotes the release of resin onto the surface of the board, and this has an unsatisfactory effect on further sanding (the abrasive quickly becomes clogged with wood dust along with the resin), the grinding surface becomes wavy and in some cases burns. As a result, it is not the grinding process as one of the types of wood cutting that occurs, but the rubbing of the wood. Therefore, the finishing of such a shield paint and varnish materials will be problematic. For hardwoods, especially oak, there is no need for high temperatures. The basic density of oak is significantly higher than that of pine, and accordingly the thermal conductivity coefficient is higher. In addition to temperature, the polymerization of the binder is also influenced by the duration of exposure of the boards in the hot press. It is believed that for coniferous species the holding time is at least 1.5 - 2 minutes for each centimeter of board thickness at a temperature on the surface of the press plates of 75 - 80 ° C. For hardwoods, these values should be adjusted depending on the species, its initial moisture content and other factors. Specifically for oak furniture panels, the exposure should not be long, just like high temperature, because tannin coloring substances are released and when interacting with the binder, a dark adhesive seam is formed.

Thirdly, when assembling a shield, the condition of correct orientation of the annual layers in adjacent lamellas must be met, as well as radial, tangential and mixed cuts, especially for oak materials. Slats of different cuts should not be allowed in one panel; strict sorting must be performed. Failure to comply with these conditions in a place with poor-quality wood drying entails serious consequences during the operation of such panels. Various shrinkage (swelling) in the radial and tangential directions, when the shields are exposed to certain conditions, can cause their severe deformation and loss of integrity.

In conclusion of this work, the following should be noted: all the listed features of the technology for manufacturing furniture panels are only a small part of a huge issue. The answers to this lie in the specificity and originality of the problem being studied, since few manufacturers of furniture panels pay due attention to its technology, increasing the useful yield when cutting, improving quality, and the rational use of wood - as a product of living nature.